Warning standard words r 1 1, R23/24/25, R39/23/24/25 safety suggestion standard words r 1/2, S7, s 16, S36/37, S45 flash point/kloc-. Saw Frame Projection of Methanol Methanol is a colorless, flammable and volatile toxic liquid, which is non-corrosive to metals (except lead and aluminum) at room temperature and has a slight alcohol smell. The molecular weight is 32.04, the relative density is 0.792(20/4℃), the melting point is -97.8℃, the boiling point is 64.5℃, the heat of combustion is 725.76KJ/mol, the flash point is 12.22℃, the autoignition point is 463.89℃, and the steam density is/kloc-0. The vapor pressure is13.33kpa (100mmhm21.2℃), and the explosion limit of the mixture of steam and air is 6-36.5% (volume ratio). It is miscible with water, ethanol, ether, benzene, ketone, halogenated hydrocarbon and other organic solvents, but immiscible with petroleum ether, and will react with heat, naked flame or oxidant. In the process of evaporation, the paint surface of the object will also be corroded. The combustion reaction formula is 2CH3OH+3O2 → 2CO2+4H2O. When methanol burns, it is smokeless, and the flame is blue. The explosion limit in air is 6.0 ~ 36.5% (volume ratio). This section has a wide range of uses and is a basic organic chemical raw material and high-quality fuel. Mainly used in fine chemicals, plastics and other fields, it is used to make various organic products such as formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl chloride, methylamine, dimethyl sulfate, etc. It is also one of the important raw materials for pesticides and medicines. After deep processing, methanol can be used as a new clean fuel or mixed with gasoline. The reaction of methanol and ammonia can produce monomethylamine. The production of methanol in this section is mainly synthesis, and a small amount is recovered from wood carbonization as a by-product. The chemical reaction formula of synthesis is: 2H2+CO → CH3OH to synthesize methanol. Solid (such as coal and coke), liquid (such as crude oil, heavy oil and light oil) or gas (such as combustible gas such as natural gas) can be used as raw materials to produce a certain amount of synthetic gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) through gasification purification (desulfurization) conversion. In the presence of different catalysts, different process conditions are selected. Unit output of methanol (divided into high pressure method, low pressure method and medium pressure method), or methanol co-production of synthetic ammonia (combined methanol method). Methyl ether was removed from the synthesized crude methanol by pre-rectification, and the finished methanol was obtained by rectification. High-pressure method is the first method for BASF to realize industrial synthesis, but it will be replaced by ICI low-pressure and medium-pressure method and Lurgi low-pressure and medium-pressure method in the future because of its high energy consumption, complex process, demanding raw materials and many by-products in the products. Because of the toxicity of methanol, its harm to health is well known. Industrial alcohol contains about 4% methanol, which is used by criminals as edible alcohol to make fake wine, but methanol poisoning will occur after drinking. The lethal dose of methanol is about 70 ml, and the maximum limit of alcohol for human consumption is o.lg/Kg.. Methanol is very toxic and has the greatest influence on the nervous system and blood system of human body. Toxic reactions can occur after ingestion through digestive tract, respiratory tract or skin, and methanol vapor can damage human respiratory mucosa and vision. Symptoms of acute poisoning include: headache, nausea, stomachache, fatigue, blurred vision and even blindness, and then dyspnea, eventually leading to respiratory center paralysis and death. Chronic toxic reactions are dizziness, lethargy, headache, tinnitus, decreased vision and digestive system disorder. If the intake of methanol exceeds 4g, poisoning reaction will occur; If a small cup of methanol exceeds 10g by mistake, it will lead to blindness and death. The lethal dose is more than 30 ml, and methanol is not easy to be discharged in the body, but will accumulate. Formaldehyde and formic acid generated by oxidation in the body are also toxic. In the methanol production plant, the relevant departments of our country stipulate that the allowable concentration of methanol in the air is 50mg/m3, and gas masks must be worn when working in the field with methanol gas, and the wastewater can only be discharged after treatment, and the allowable content is less than 200mg/L. The poisoning mechanism of methanol is that methanol is metabolized by human body to produce formaldehyde and formic acid (commonly known as formic acid), and then it is harmful to human body. Common symptoms include: feeling drunk, headache, nausea, vomiting and blurred vision after one or several hours. In severe cases, people will be blind and even die. The cause of blindness is that formic acid, a metabolite of methanol, accumulates in the eyes and destroys visual nerve cells. Brain nerves can also be damaged, causing permanent damage. After formic acid enters the blood, it will make the tissue more and more acidic, and acidic substances will be retained due to renal excretion disorder. Acidosis is one of the most common causes of death in uremia, which damages the kidneys and leads to renal failure. Occupational contraindications: retinopathy and optic neuropathy; Occupational disease: occupational acute methanol poisoning health examination cycle: 2 years detoxification method: methanol poisoning can usually be detoxified with ethanol. The principle is that methanol itself is non-toxic and its metabolites are toxic, which can be detoxified by inhibiting metabolism. The metabolism of methanol and ethanol in human body is the same enzyme, and this enzyme has greater affinity with ethanol. Therefore, people with methanol poisoning can relieve methanol metabolism by drinking strong liquor (alcohol content is usually above 60 degrees), and then excrete it. Formic acid produced by methanol metabolism can be neutralized by baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). Patients with acute methanol poisoning should be sent to hospital for emergency treatment in time. Those who eat methanol by mistake can wash their stomachs with soda water at an early stage to eliminate the storage of methanol in their stomachs. For more than 3 days, sweating agents and laxatives can be used. If you have visual impairment, you should repeatedly puncture the waist to prevent optic atrophy, and give a lot of vitamin B and vasodilators, or oxygen inhalation and a small amount of blood transfusion. Acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine can also be used for treatment. Edit the emergency treatment of leakage in this paragraph. Quickly evacuate people in the leaking and polluted areas to safe areas, isolate them, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the fire. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and anti-static work clothes. Don't touch the leak directly. Cut off the leakage source as much as possible. Prevent it from flowing into confined spaces such as sewers and flood discharge ditches. Small amount of leakage: adsorbed or absorbed by sand or other nonflammable substances. It can also be washed with plenty of water, diluted and put into the wastewater system. A large number of leaks: damming or digging holes to contain them. Cover with foam to reduce steam disaster. Use explosion-proof pump to transfer it to tank car or special collector, and recycle it or transport it to waste disposal site for treatment. Edit this paragraph methanol gasoline methanol gasoline refers to the M series mixed fuel compounded by adding methanol fuel cosolvent to gasoline. Among them, M 15 (adding 15% methanol to gasoline) clean methanol gasoline can be used as vehicle fuel, which can be used in various gasoline engines respectively, and can be used instead of finished gasoline without changing the existing engine structure, and can be mixed with refined oil. Methanol mixed fuel has good thermal efficiency, power, start-up and economy, and has the characteristics of emission reduction, fuel saving, safety and convenience. According to different national conditions, countries all over the world have developed methanol gasoline with different blending ratios, such as M3, M5, M 15, M20, M50, M85, M 100, etc. At present, commercial methanol is mainly M85 (85% methanol+15% gasoline) and M 100. The performance of M 100 is better than that of M85, and it has greater environmental protection advantages. Edit this part of the general situation of methanol industry. The methanol production process is relatively simple and the raw materials are diverse. Coal, oil and natural gas can all produce methanol. Methanol is widely used, and there are hundreds of downstream products. In recent years, due to the strengthening of environmental awareness in various countries around the world, especially after the amendments to the Clean Air Law were passed by the US Congress in June 5438+090 and June 5438+1October 5438+05, the value of methanol has increased, and the global demand for methanol has accelerated. The development speed of methanol industry in China is no less than that of any other country. After nearly five years of rapid development, China's methanol production has jumped to the top in the world. However, just like a developing child, height alone does not prove good health. On the contrary, too high may still be a pathological state. Methanol is a chemical product with low added value. Low cost is the core of this kind of product competition, and it is also an important competitive strategy adopted by production enterprises, and it is the key for enterprises to settle down. Low cost needs to optimize various production factors that affect product cost, including raw material price, process route, financing cost, device scale, logistics cost, etc. The cost is $200/ton and $80/ton. At present, the scale of methanol plants in China is generally small, and most of them use coal-fired routes, accounting for about 78% of raw materials; The investment per unit capacity is high, which is about twice that of large-scale methanol plants abroad, and the financial expenses and depreciation expenses are high. These all affect the cost. It is understood that there are nearly 200 methanol production enterprises in China, but only 20% of them are 65,438+10,000 tons/year, the largest methanol production plant is 600,000 tons/year, and the remaining 80% are 65,438+10,000 tons/year. According to this factory model, the industry generally estimates that the current methanol production cost in China is about 1.400 yuan ~ 1.800 yuan/ton (about $200/ton). Once there is an oversupply situation in the market, the domestic methanol price may fall to around 2000 yuan/ton, or even lower. This will increase the pressure on most domestic methanol production enterprises with small capacity and high investment per unit capacity. However, foreign methanol plants represented by the Middle East and Central and South America are generally large in scale. At present, the capacity of the world's largest methanol plant has reached 6.5438+700,000 tons/year. At the end of April, 2008, the giant methanol plant of Saudi Methanol Company with a capacity of 6,543.8+700,000 tons/year was put into operation in Jubail, bringing the total capacity of the company's five large methanol plants to 4.8 million tons/year. Foreign enterprises have a large installation scale, less investment in public facilities, and adopt natural gas routes, which greatly reduces the investment per unit capacity and greatly enhances the cost competitiveness. According to the analysis of petrochemical planning and research institute, the cost of large-scale methanol production facilities under construction in foreign natural gas producing areas is only 60~80 USD/ton. Moreover, foreign large-scale methanol plants mostly use natural gas as raw material, and adopt natural gas two-stage conversion or autothermal conversion technology, including the technologies of Germany Lurgi Company, Denmark Topso Company, Britain's Bunemen Chemical Company and Japan's Mitsubishi Company. Compared with coal-to-methanol technology, the natural gas conversion technology is mature and reliable, and the conversion scale is less affected by the methanol scale, and the device is compact and occupies a small area. Although the price of natural gas in the international market has also increased in recent years, foreign methanol producers rely on long-term supply agreements to minimize the price impact factors. However, most methanol production in China takes coal as raw material, and the inherent defects of limited scale and large area of gasification equipment restrict the development of methanol production equipment to large scale. At the same time, the sharp rise of coal price in recent years has a great impact on coal-based methanol, which has a certain cost advantage. In addition, coal-to-methanol is mostly built in the western region, and the transportation cost is high. Various factors further weaken the price competitiveness of coal-based methanol. After the large-scale methanol plant in foreign countries was put into production, the traditional sales channels could not digest the sudden increase of methanol. Before 20 10, there is no doubt that foreign methanol will hit the China market at a low price. Energy consumption of products: 60 Ji Jiao/ton PK30 Ji Jiao/ton. The reality is that foreign methanol production has large scale, advanced technology, strict management, low energy consumption and stable product quality; The product quality of domestic large methanol plants has reached the international level, but the product quality of many small methanol or methanol plants is still unstable. According to Tang Hongqing, deputy director of the National Chemical Engineering Technology Committee and deputy chief engineer of Sinopec Ningbo Engineering Co., Ltd., domestic coal-to-methanol consumption is 50 ~ 60 Ji Jiao per ton, about 1.6 tons of coal and 22 ~ 30 tons of water. The energy consumption per ton of methanol from natural gas is about 40 Ji Jiao, natural gas is 900 ~ 1 150 cubic meters, and water 16 ~ 20 tons. The energy consumption of small methanol plants in China is as high as 70 Ji Jiao per ton of products. However, large-scale methanol plants in foreign countries basically use natural gas as raw material, and the energy consumption per ton of products is only 25 ~ 30 Ji Jiao, 760 ~ 920 cubic meters of natural gas and 0/0 ~/0/5 tons of water/kloc. In addition, because most methanol production in China adopts coal-based route, the acid gas and ash emissions are large, and more funds need to be invested to build environmental protection treatment facilities. However, large-scale methanol plants with natural gas as raw materials abroad are basically clean production, which has little impact on the environment and less investment in environmental protection. Transportation cost: 55 US dollars/ton, 25 Pakistani rupees/ton. A number of experts in the industry mentioned to reporters a congenital deficiency of domestic methanol production: the raw coal and natural gas needed for methanol production in China are mainly concentrated in the western region with backward economy and inconvenient transportation, while the consumption center of methanol market in China is in East China and South China. It needs long-distance railway or road transportation to transport methanol from the west to East China and South China, and the transportation cost is as high as 400 yuan/ton (about 55 US dollars/ton). The production and consumption of methanol are far apart, which leads to traffic becoming the main bottleneck of methanol development in China in the future. The Middle East and Central and South America, where large methanol plants are concentrated, are also the regions with the richest natural gas resources in the world. The resources and methanol production facilities are close to the coastal areas, and the production facilities are close to the methanol loading dock. All methanol products are shipped by sea, which is convenient for transportation. According to statistics, the freight for transporting methanol from the Middle East, Central and South America and Australia to major ports in Asia is only about $25 per ton, and the transportation cost is relatively low. Moreover, in terms of logistics, even methanol enterprises with good domestic conditions only have in-plant storage and transportation facilities and railway shipping facilities. At present, there is no methanol transit transportation base in China or even in the world, and there is no large-scale methanol special transportation tool. However, most foreign methanol production enterprises have built large-scale methanol transit bases and storage and transportation facilities around the world, and have their own or long-term rented methanol transport fleets. Investment mode: separate PK cooperative operation If domestic methanol production is insufficient, industry experts believe that the main reason is that domestic methanol plant construction is mostly wholly-owned enterprises and there are few joint ventures. This undoubtedly increases the financing difficulty and investment risk of investing tens of billions of yuan in methanol and downstream products projects. However, most foreign methanol plants are jointly built and operated. General shareholders include investors, patentees, vendors and resource suppliers. Investors and shareholders entrust professional asset management companies to assist in the operation. This can effectively solve the financing problem, reduce the capital cost and investment risk, ensure the supply of technology and raw materials and product sales, maximize the optimization of various production factors and improve the competitiveness of the project. Marketing model: self-selling PK professional sellers According to the survey of Zheng Zhi Far East Company, although China has become the most important methanol producer, domestic methanol producers are still inward-looking enterprises at present, and almost all products are oriented to the domestic market. The market analysis and decision-making of construction projects are almost completely dependent on the domestic market, and the export volume is very small, so there is no time to take into account the needs and changes of the international market. Edit the value of combustion heat and its combustion equation ch3oh (l)+3/2o2 (g) = CO2 (g)+2h2o (l) △ h =-725.76kj/mol Edit the network term methanol (false purity) in this section. For example, in If You Are the One, there is a saying that Ma Yimi is a saint or methanol.