First, the concepts of public welfare organizations and public welfare organizations.
According to the requirements of reform, it refers to institutions that undertake basic public welfare services such as compulsory education, basic scientific research, public culture, public health and basic medical services at the grassroots level, and cannot or should not allocate resources by the market. Refers to institutions that undertake basic public welfare services such as compulsory education, basic scientific research, public culture, public health and basic medical services at the grassroots level, and cannot or should not allocate resources by the market. Mainly includes:
1. Education: compulsory education, special education, party and government education and training, educational assistance and examinations;
2. Scientific research: basic scientific research, decision-making consultation and intellectual property services;
3. Style: public archives, libraries, museums, cultural centers, memorial halls, science and technology museums, basic archives, archaeological relics protection, sports guidance services, rural radio and television services, and literary and artistic creation services;
4. Health: basic medical and health services, public health services (including disease prevention and control, health education, maternal and child health care, mental health, first aid, blood collection and supply, family planning technical services, etc. ), as well as family planning medical device management services;
5. Agriculture: basic agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry services and technology promotion, rural energy, new rural construction, rural management, seed (seedling) management, animal epidemic prevention, plant quarantine, animal and plant protection and management, flood control and drought relief, soil and water conservation, water resources management, water supply management, water conservancy project construction management and immigration management;
6. Welfare category: social assistance, military-related services, disaster reduction and relief services, work for elderly women and children, social security fund management, social insurance handling, public employment guidance, legal aid, social welfare, charity services, retired cadre services, drug rehabilitation, social donation guidance services, disability assistance services, and grassroots public social services;
7. Monitoring: network, radio, price monitoring, food and medicine, earthquake, meteorology, environment, water and soil, geological monitoring and forecasting and basic services, feed monitoring and management;
8. Administrative assistance and administrative support: confidential management services, special communication, government funds and project handling management, project quality supervision and management, bidding management, government liaison, mediation and arbitration, audit affairs, agency information services, price certification, enrollment management, labor appraisal, medical accident appraisal, bill charging supervision, financial investment evaluation, energy supervision, bulk cement management, construction project cost management, urban greening management, surveying and mapping management.
9. Others: natural resources protection, expert services, highway maintenance management, economic, social and public opinion surveys, land affairs, municipal public facilities construction and maintenance management, weather modification, public resources trading service platform, SME development services, and water supply services.
Common public welfare organizations mainly include: public primary schools, health centers, maternal and child health centers, agricultural service centers, social security centers, environmental monitoring stations, government affairs centers, and enterprise service centers.
The second type of public welfare refers to institutions that undertake public welfare services such as higher education and non-profit medical care, and can partially allocate resources by the market. Mainly includes:
1. Education: adult education, secondary vocational education, preschool education, industry skills training;
2. Style: current affairs newspapers, radio and television stations, women's and children's activities services, youth activities services, staff activities services, and sports facilities services;
3. Health: non-profit medical care;
4. Others: communication promotion, meteorological services, notarization services, arbitration services, surveying and mapping services, real estate transactions, material reserves, funeral services, land mining rights trading platforms, and others mainly provide support and guarantee for organs to perform their functions.
Common second-class public welfare institutions mainly include: comprehensive public hospitals, public universities, notary offices, newspapers, television stations and so on.
Second, how to distinguish between public welfare institutions and public welfare institutions.
The core of public welfare institutions is the "public welfare" attribute, which is a department set up by the government to develop social welfare undertakings and directly or indirectly provide services for economic activities, social activities and residents' lives.
The key to distinguish public welfare institutions from public welfare institutions is to distinguish the purity of their public welfare attributes and whether the main body of resource allocation is government-led or market-led.
Public welfare institutions, which can be called "pure public welfare institutions", are fully funded by the government and are no longer allowed to have business activities, such as township hospitals and community health service centers.
Public welfare second-class institutions, such as universities, vocational education, general hospitals, etc. It should belong to "quasi-public welfare" institutions, allowing some of its markets to allocate resources, but not for-profit production and business activities.
The accurate distinction between public welfare organizations and public welfare institutions can be grasped from four aspects:
1. From the functional point of view: a class is completely designated and supported by the government, and its functions cannot and should not be provided by the market, and no "service" fees are charged, such as books and tuition fees paid by public primary schools. These are all costs, not "service" fees. The second category is all or part of the charging function, which can charge service fees, such as surgery fees and outpatient fees in public hospitals.
2. From the perspective of financial security methods: one is generally full financial security, and the other is generally differential security. That is, the working expenses and staff salaries of a class of institutions are all supplied by finance; The second category is that most of them are self-guaranteed, and the insufficient part is solved by the finance, or the way of "two lines of revenue and expenditure" is adopted, and the income part is turned over to the finance in full, and then the finance allocates the working funds and personnel salaries according to the actual situation. Generally speaking, the comprehensive treatment of personnel in the second-class institutions is generally much higher than that in the first-class institutions.
3. From the perspective of whether or not to refer to the management of the Civil Service Law, public institutions must not be public welfare, and public welfare involves both public participation and non-public participation. There are also some administrative law enforcement agencies that are promoting special reforms, and their personnel are generally in the status of participating in public affairs. However, the agencies will gradually divest their agencies and rely on administrative agencies to carry out law enforcement activities.
Third, public welfare institutions and management modes of public welfare institutions.
As the "backbone" force in the sequence of institutions, public welfare institutions account for the vast majority of all institutions. The first category and the second category are different in terms of financial security, and there are also great differences in administrative and financial rights.
The personnel and financial management of a class of institutions is generally in their administrative departments, and the decision-making matters involving "three majors and one big" need the approval of the competent authorities, except for institutions directly under the party Committee and government. Second-class institutions have greater autonomy in personnel and financial management, which is often decided by the units themselves.
In particular, there is no difference in post setting and grade promotion between the first-level and second-level institutions, and the personnel in the establishment can also exchange and transfer with each other. Judging from the development trend, the second-class institutions will gradually cancel the establishment and implement the filing system or post system management.