This paper analyzes the problems and harms existing in the quotation of bill of quantities, expounds the characteristics of the quotation of bill of quantities from the aspects of the determination of the items in the bill of quantities, the determination of the comprehensive unit price, and the compilation of the bill, and connecting with the engineering examples, puts forward some countermeasures for the quotation of bill of quantities.
In the current bidding quotation of construction projects, construction units and construction units generally adopt the mode of bill of quantities quotation. The implementation of bill of quantities quotation is an innovation in the field of construction, but in the actual construction process of the project, many problems have also been exposed. Combined with engineering examples, the author discusses the existing problems and solutions of bill of quantities quotation as follows.
1 main problems and hazards in the valuation of bill of quantities
The main problems of 1. 1
1) The bill of quantities in the bidding documents is inconsistent with the actual quantities; 2) The practice of bill of quantities in the bidding documents is different from the actual practice of the construction drawing; 3) The provisions of the unit of quantities in the list are not uniform with those in the quota, and the total price of quantities has changed greatly due to data input errors during software calculation; 4) The calculation rules of quantities in the list are unclear, so it is impossible to make settlement comparison; 5) The brand specifications of the materials selected in the list are not clear, which is different from the actual construction unit price adjustment; 6) There are omissions, repetitions and confusion in the list.
1.2 Harmfulness
For the construction unit, because the bill of quantities is compiled by the construction unit or the entrusted cost consultant, the inaccuracy of the bill of quantities or the mistakes and omissions of the bill of quantities will lead to the deviation of the cost information, and a series of unfavorable factors affecting the project cost provided by the construction unit directly affect the interests of the construction unit. For the construction unit, the wrong information of some bill of quantities brings many unfavorable factors to the normal construction of the construction unit, especially for some fixed lump sum contract, which is not conducive to the normal settlement of the construction unit.
2. The main problems existing in the list quotation of construction enterprises
1) The quotation personnel in the internal list of enterprises have little or no construction experience, which makes it impossible to start the list valuation. 2) Most construction enterprises do not have their own quotas, and for a long time they can only quote according to the national or regional budget quotas, which leads to the lack of competitiveness among enterprises. 3) The internal management of the list quotation information is not in place, which leads to the arbitrariness of the price difference and the lack of authenticity.
3 analysis of the main points of bill of quantities quotation
3. 1 Determination of bill of quantities
The determination of BOQ project is based on the project name, project code, unit of measurement and engineering quantity synthesis, in which the project code is set at five levels, expressed by 12 Arabic numerals. The primary code is the engineering classification sequence code, the secondary code is the professional engineering sequence code, the tertiary code is the divisional engineering sequence code, and the tertiary code is the sectional engineering sequence code. The fourth level code is the national unified code, and the fifth level code is determined by BOQ compilers according to the characteristics of the project list.
3.2 Determination of comprehensive unit price of the project
The calculation of engineering quantity in the tender documents is mainly based on the construction drawings and relevant technical standards, without considering all kinds of losses in the construction, so we must include all kinds of losses that may exist in the calculation when determining the unit price, and then determine the comprehensive unit price.
3.3 Matters needing attention in compiling partial bill of quantities
1) list item name determination. The determination of the project name in the list of tender documents must be comprehensively considered in combination with the actual situation of the project and its characteristics, and the expression of the project name should be detailed and accurate, and there should be no ambiguity. If the project name is defective, the tenderer must supplement it and report it to the local (provincial) project cost management institution for the record.
2) Determine the unit of measurement. The unit of measurement of bill of quantities must comply with the relevant provisions in the bill valuation specification, and shall not be fabricated at will. 3) Requirements for the accuracy of engineering quantity calculation. The calculation of quantities in the bill of quantities must conform to the corresponding calculation rules in the Code for Valuation of Bill of Quantities, and its accuracy is as follows: if the unit is "ton", three decimal places shall be reserved, and the fourth decimal place shall be rounded off; If the unit is "cubic meter", "square meter" or "meter", two decimal places shall be reserved, and the third decimal place shall be rounded off; Take "item" and "item" as units, and take integers.
4) Matters needing attention in compiling the list of measures fee items. Measures fee refers to the expenses that must occur before and during the construction in order to complete the normal construction of the project and meet the technical, safety, civilization and quality requirements. Its general items include environmental protection fees, civilized construction measures fees, safety construction fees, temporary facilities fees, night construction fees, secondary handling fees, import and export fees and installation fees for large-scale machinery and equipment, formwork and scaffolding fees for concrete (reinforced concrete) structures, scaffolding fees, protection fees for completed works and equipment, and water fee reduction (drainage) for construction 1 item. The unit price of the above expenses shall be determined from the following aspects: 1) Refer to the construction organization design and special construction scheme of the proposed project. 2) Consult relevant construction specifications and government documents. 3) Construction technical measures that must be taken to complete the project.
4 Bill of Quantities Quotation Strategy
4. 1 engineering example
The new teaching building of Yuncheng Experimental Middle School consists of teaching building A and teaching building B. The teaching building is divided into ordinary classrooms, teachers' offices and ordinary offices. The project is a frame structure with four floors above ground, each with a height of 3.9 m, and each floor is equipped with ordinary classrooms and offices. The project has a building area of 1538.5m2, a building area of 4230.85m2, a total building height of 16.85m, a height of 1 ~ 4 floors of 3.9m, and a building seismic grade of Grade III. This project requires the use of list pricing mode in the bidding documents. Our company quotes according to the given list in the bidding process, but there are many unsatisfactory problems in the bidding process due to tight time and heavy tasks.
4.2 Avoidance measures and methods in the bidding process
1) The construction unit should not rush to calculate the package price when receiving the tender documents. First, compare some large engineering practices with design drawings, which can generally be found in the design instructions of drawings or related drawings, and then compare the list items with those of similar projects to see if there are any problems such as missing items and duplicate items. For the related problems found, the bidding question and answer method is adopted to solve them. For example, in the list of bidding documents of this project, the waterproof layer of roofing practice is reinforced with 3mm thick SBS, while in the construction drawing, the roofing practice is shown as first-class waterproof. According to the requirements of the specification and related atlas, the first-class waterproof is divided into two layers, which requires us to propose changes in time when compiling the bidding documents so as to make a reasonable quotation.
2) We must find out the calculation rules and calculation scope of the quantities in the bill file. If there is any unclear or obvious objection, it should be put forward in the bidding question and answer in time and recorded. Some pricing principles or precautions in the bidding documents should be analyzed one by one, and the scope of risks we have to bear and the pricing method should be clear when bidding. For example, the calculation of earthwork in this project, the calculation rules of earthwork excavation and the scope of backfilling earthwork are not clear in the bidding documents, which leads us to be unable to determine whether the earthwork backfilling in some areas belongs to the normal construction scope or whether it is necessary to go through visa change procedures during construction.
4.3 Risk pre-control measures of construction enterprises in list quotation
1) Improve the professional level of internal managers. At present, the professional level of managers engaged in cost management in many enterprises only stays in book knowledge, without any practical experience, and they know little about some new technologies and new processes on the spot. Therefore, in order to make a good list quotation, cost personnel must exercise at the grassroots level. At the same time, enterprises should do a good job in business training and knowledge updating for these personnel, and organize various forms of training and learning in a targeted manner.
2) Establish information collection channels to create a good information platform for listing and quotation. After the establishment and implementation of the bill of quantities quotation system, the prices of labor, materials and machinery and equipment in the construction quotation mainly rely on the engineering information price of local government departments as a platform. However, due to the nature of the project itself, the price of material information has local and regional differences. Therefore, as an enterprise, it is necessary to establish and improve information collection channels to ensure the authenticity and reliability of each piece of information. The specific measures are as follows: First, the company set up an information management department to improve the information collection and release mechanism. Secondly, computer management system and network are adopted to improve the timeliness and accuracy of cost information. Thirdly, the project cost information data is classified and coded, and the information resource database is established.
5 conclusion
The implementation of the quotation mode of bill of quantities marks a qualitative change in the project cost management in China's construction field, that is, the traditional planned economy mode has gradually changed into a market economy mode. However, there are still some imperfections in this model, which need to be gradually improved and summarized in practice. At the same time, we must be careful when compiling the bill of quantities, because the total price of the bill of quantities is a prerequisite for the normal operation of the project, and it is also a necessary condition for us to sign the construction contract and handle the completion settlement.
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