Investment estimation is very important to the decision-making and success or failure of the project, and must be highly valued. To do a good job in investment estimation, we must first understand the content of engineering investment and avoid missing items. It is a meaningful and valuable systematic project to understand the important role of investment estimation in construction projects. It needs the active participation and cooperation of various functional departments, engineering technology and project cost management personnel. As a staff member, we should truthfully reflect the project construction content and project investment, so that the investment estimation can really play the role of "accounting in advance", be a good staff member for the decision-making level, and lay a solid foundation for the subsequent preliminary design budget, construction drawing budget and final accounts.
1. 1 Determine the accuracy of investment estimation according to its stage.
The accuracy of investment estimation is an important symbol of estimation quality, and it is also the most concerned issue for investors, owners (or construction units) and contracting enterprises. The accuracy of investment estimation not only affects whether all parties in engineering construction can make correct decisions, but also affects the economic benefits of investment projects. If the quality of investment estimation is poor, investors and contracting enterprises will suffer economic losses, and even enterprises will go bankrupt. Therefore, for various types of investment estimation, it is necessary to meet the specified quality requirements according to their stages.
Generally speaking, with the deepening of feasibility study and design stage, the basis of investment estimation is increased, the quality of data is improved, the accuracy of estimation is gradually improved, and the possible errors are gradually reduced. Usually, the possible error rate of proportion estimation is less than 30%; The research estimate is within 25%; The preliminary estimate is within 20%; The project control budget is within 15%; The detailed estimate is within 10%; The tender estimate is within 5%.
1.2 Accelerate the update of investment estimation indicators and expand the coverage of investment estimation indicators.
Investment estimation index is a quota used to estimate investment and calculate investment demand in the stage of compiling project proposal, feasibility study report and design task book. It is comprehensive and universal, and often takes an independent single project or a complete project as the calculation object. Its roughness is suitable for the feasibility study stage. Its main function is to provide a basis for project decision-making and investment control, and it is an expanded technical and economic index.
Investment estimation index is a technical and economic index to determine and control the investment expenditure in the whole process of construction projects. Its indicators are often compiled according to historical budget and final accounts data and price changes, and its compilation basis is budget quota, budgetary estimate quota and estimation indicators. Due to the continuous progress of science and technology, new materials, new processes and new technologies are constantly emerging, and the timeliness of quotas is outstanding, which cannot meet the needs of construction and development. Therefore, we should speed up the update of estimation indexes, absorb new technologies and experiences in time, and constantly improve the quality level.
1.3 Establish a price information network and strengthen the dynamic management of equipment and material prices.
The construction project cost consists of construction and installation project cost, equipment purchase cost and other construction costs, while equipment purchase cost and material cost account for a large proportion in the construction and installation project cost. In practical work, for some equipment, due to poor information channels, it is impossible to know the exact manufacturer and accurate price information, and investment estimation can only refer to the price of similar equipment or other equipment, which will inevitably lead to the distortion of equipment price level and the disconnection between estimated price and actual price.
Although the local cost management departments have done a lot of work in price collection for construction and installation materials, and published material information regularly, it is obviously not enough to collect prices only by local cost management departments in the face of the huge construction market. A set of price information network system should be established with the standard quota information center as the core and local cost management departments, equipment manufacturers and material sales departments as participants. The prices of equipment and some new building materials are collected by the information center, and other materials are collected by local cost management departments. Set up an information specialist to provide and feedback price information in time. According to market changes, the equipment price index is published every six months or 1 year, which forms a relatively complete price system and provides a reliable basis for the dynamic management of equipment and material prices.
1.4 sum up experience and accumulate completed projects in time.
The estimation work needs to accumulate and summarize the completed projects, accumulate and collect the indicators of construction drawing budget, including some main physical quantities of the projects, classify them, find out the problems, find out the reasons, pay attention to the study of professional knowledge, and improve the business level.
2. Establish advanced dynamic cost control software program.
At present, the reason for the surplus of investment control funds in China is that the information management mode is backward and the data accuracy is not enough, which can not provide reliable basis for decision makers in a timely and comprehensive manner. In order to implement the dynamic management of project cost, it is very necessary to establish a project cost management system. The so-called project cost management system is a system composed of people and machines that collects, transmits, processes, saves, maintains and uses project cost information under the condition of using computers. It consists of quota management system, price management system, cost evaluation system and cost control system. Using this system can not only replace all kinds of daily business processing, but also replace manual and tedious work.
In project cost management, many excellent computer softwares can realize dynamic tracking of project investment and progress, such as P3 series software recommended by the World Bank and many government departments and MSProject98 of Microsoft, which can calculate network parameters, critical paths and time difference, automatically generate crossing charts, network charts, calendar charts and task allocation schedules, automatically draw curves of resources, workload and expenses, and automatically balance all resources. These softwares have been used in many major projects in China. However, for thousands of engineering projects in China, there are still many users who use these softwares. Therefore, we must attach importance to the development and research of the cost system in line with China's national conditions, truly realize the dynamic management of cost and ensure the effective implementation of investment control.
3. Investment management
3. 1 Tasks and objectives of investment control
3. 1. 1 investment control task
The key work of investment control management is to determine the control tasks in each stage. In addition to the key control in investment decision-making and design stage, investment control and management in project implementation stage is also an important work. In the project implementation stage, we should focus on the following tasks: (1) making investment control targets and annual investment plans; (2) Review the cash flow plan required for project implementation; (3) Review the quantities and unit prices of completed projects, and issue measurement and payment vouchers; (four) to accept the claims of the relevant responsible units, to investigate and negotiate the claims, and to put forward the handling opinions; (5) Handling engineering changes and issuing engineering change orders.
3. 1.2 investment control objectives
The primary task of management by objectives is to specify the objectives and indicators of investment control in the contract. In contract management, establish scientific and standardized measurement and payment procedures and forms. Strictly control the occurrence and payment of contractual foreign capital, strictly control unnecessary design changes, establish relevant change approval system, and control the increase of investment. On the premise of ensuring quality and construction period, try to save all kinds of expenses. Without special circumstances, the project investment must be controlled within the contract price. When necessary engineering changes occur, the changes must be examined and approved according to the prescribed procedures and processes, and the control objectives and indicators should be adjusted reasonably and timely according to the actual situation.
3.2 Investment control methods and measures
Conduct investment control and take measures from the aspects of organization, economy, technology and contract. At the same time, strictly control intermediate payment, reasonably control engineering changes, and handle claims in time.
3.2. 1 organizational measures for investment control
The organizational measures of investment control mainly focus on the following two aspects: (1) Design the management task book and management process, and implement the division of labor among personnel, tasks and functions of investment control. (2) Prepare the investment control work plan and detailed work flow chart.
3.2.2 Economic measures for investment control
Before taking economic measures to implement investment control, we should first prepare the capital flow estimation table according to the contract, and determine and decompose the investment control objectives. The contractor shall submit the monthly capital flow estimation form to the supervisor according to the format specified in the special terms and conditions of the contract. The estimation table shall include all the money that the contractor plans to get from the employer for the employer's reference. If required by the supervisor, the contractor shall also submit the revised capital flow estimation form within the time limit specified by the supervisor. According to the provisions of the project construction contract, exercise the right to audit the quantities and issue payment vouchers. Conduct investment tracking control in the construction process, and regularly compare the actual expenditure capital flow with the capital flow estimation table; Find the deviation, analyze the reasons for the deviation, and take corrective measures together with all parties in the project construction. Analyze and forecast the investment expenditure in the process of project construction, and regularly submit reports on investment control and existing problems to the owner.
3.2.3 Technical measures for investment control
In terms of technical management measures, the following work should be done well: (1) Make a technical and economic comparison of design changes and strictly control design changes. (2) Continue to look for the possibility of saving investment by tapping potential through design. (3) Review the construction organization design prepared by the contractor, and make technical and economic analysis on the main construction schemes.
3.2.4 Investment control contract measures
The key to contract control is to (1) make supervision records, sign the construction team report and construction daily report submitted by the contractor, and focus on recording the actual construction changes. Pay attention to the accumulation of materials, and provide a basis for correctly handling possible claims. Participate in handling claims. (2) Participate in the modification and supplement of the contract and pay attention to its impact on investment control.
3.3 Engineering Measurement Payment and Claim Procedure
In order to control the project investment, the supervision engineer controls the contract price through the measurement and payment of the project. The supervision engineer has the right to sign the project payment to restrain the contractor and play a role in supervision and management of all aspects of the construction. Under normal circumstances, the supervision engineer should strictly determine the measurement content in engineering measurement, and generally only measure all items in the bill of quantities, items specified in the contract documents and engineering change items. Measurement must be based on quality certificate, preface of bill of quantities, technical specification and "measurement payment clause" in design drawings. The quantities increased by the contractor beyond the requirements of design drawings and reworked due to its own reasons shall not be measured. No matter what method is adopted, the calculation result of the calculated quantity should be the net size quantity. Specific measurement methods and measurement units shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the contract.
3.3. 1 engineering measurement payment procedure
(1) Advance payment
Advance payment shall be managed in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the contract: ① The contractor shall submit an application for advance payment to the supervisor after handling the performance bond and other procedures stipulated in the contract. (2) After receiving the performance guarantee provided by the contractor, the supervisor shall issue the advance payment certificate according to the relevant provisions of the contract.
(2) Intermediate payment
In the process of project implementation, the payment control should be controlled and managed according to the following procedures: ① The contractor shall submit an application for intermediate payment in the format specified by the supervisor at the end of each month, with a monthly report of completed quantities. (2) The supervision department shall carry out engineering measurement according to relevant quality certification documents, bill of quantities, "measurement payment" clauses in technical specifications and design drawings. Engineering measurement shall be subject to the quantities reviewed by the survey engineer or signed by the on-site supervision engineer; Review the quantities calculated by the contractor and check the copies of the calculated quantities. In order to make the engineering survey accurate and avoid repeated measurement and omission, surveyors should make records of statistical accounts and file them at the same time.
(3) The measurement and payment conditions include that the quality is qualified, the measurement conforms to the contract conditions, the engineering change must be decided by the supervisor, and the payment amount must be greater than the minimum amount specified in the intermediate payment voucher. (4) Payment according to the payment procedures and methods stipulated in the contract: the contractor applies for intermediate payment; In the middle, the supervisor pays the voucher, and the employer pays it within the specified time. ⑤ Assist the Employer to adjust the payment unit price of new or changed projects, examine and issue intermediate payment vouchers, and handle other supervision business authorized or entrusted by the Employer in settlement.
(3) Completion payment and final payment
Within the time stipulated in the construction contract after the project handover certificate is issued, the contractor shall submit the application for completion payment in the format approved by the supervisor. After receiving the application for completion payment submitted by the contractor, the supervisor shall complete the review within the time stipulated in the project construction contract, negotiate with the contractor to modify it, sign the application for completion payment, issue a certificate for completion payment, and report it to the employer for approval. Upon receipt of the above payment voucher for completion, the Employer shall review and pay it to the Contractor within the time specified in the construction contract.
After receiving the warranty liability termination certificate issued by the Employer or the authorized supervisor, the Contractor shall submit the final payment application to the supervisor in the format approved by the supervisor within the time specified in the project construction contract. When the contractor submits the final payment application to the supervisor, it shall submit a statement to the employer and a copy of the statement to the supervisor. The supervisor shall submit a final payment voucher to the employer for approval after receiving a copy of the final payment application and statement approved by him. After the Employer reviews the final payment voucher, it will pay the money to the Contractor.
3.3.2 Reasonable control of changes and timely handling of claims.
Change and claim are important factors that affect the change of engineering investment, and whether it is handled in time and reasonably is the key to realize the investment control goal. When dealing with changes and claims, the following principles should be followed: (1) Strictly control engineering changes and minimize them. (2) Deal with the changes that have occurred in time as agreed in the contract, and issue the change decision after consultation with the employer and the contractor. (3) After the contractor submits the claim application report, it shall immediately review it, make a decision after full consultation with the employer and the contractor, and inform the employer and the contractor of the claim handling decision. (4) For disputes that cannot be settled through coordination, participate in the corresponding dispute handling procedures according to the provisions of the contract.
Concluding remarks
In short, project cost investment control management can promote the improvement of enterprise management level, improve enterprise management level, promote enterprises to continuously tap profit potential, reduce costs, improve efficiency and enhance the overall competitiveness of enterprises.
The above construction investment control experience was collected and sorted by Zhong Da Consulting Company.
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