Gini wealth coefficient

Hello, Gini coefficient is an economic indicator, which was put forward by Italian economist Gini in 1922 to quantitatively measure the degree of income distribution difference. Its economic meaning is: the percentage of the income of all residents used for uneven distribution. What is the meaning of 1. Gini coefficient? The minimum Gini coefficient is equal to 0, indicating absolute average income distribution; The maximum value is equal to 1, which means that the income distribution is absolutely uneven; The actual Gini coefficient is between 0 and 1. If personal income tax can equalize income, the Gini coefficient will become smaller. According to relevant United Nations organizations, if it is lower than 0.2, it means that the income is highly average; 0.2 ~ 0.3 means average; 0.3 ~ 0.4 is reasonable; 0.4 ~ 0.5 indicates a large income gap; More than 0.6 indicates a large income gap. 20 10 two researchers from Xinhua news agency pointed out that China's Gini coefficient actually exceeded 0.5. According to the data released by Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in Beijing today, the Gini coefficient of China families in 20 10 is 0.6 1, which is much higher than the global average of 0.44. Second, the advantages and disadvantages of Gini coefficient? Advantages: Gini coefficient can objectively reflect and monitor the gap between the rich and the poor, and predict, warn and prevent the polarization between the rich and the poor. Therefore, it has been widely recognized and adopted by all countries in the world. Disadvantages: it does not reflect where there is unfair distribution. There is no international standard for setting Gini coefficient. Some issues, such as whether taxes should be excluded, whether beneficiaries of public assistance should be excluded, whether non-local residents should be excluded, or whether government welfare should be added, are inconsistent, so there is no comparative standard. 3. What are the influencing factors of Gini coefficient? The influencing factors of Gini coefficient include economic development level, social and cultural traditions, political and economic system, etc. One of the important factors is what the decision-makers want to achieve with the income distribution system, whether to pay attention to the stimulating effect of distribution differences or to the adjustment and guarantee of distribution policies. In fact, Japan is one of the countries with the lowest Gini coefficient in the world. According to * * * news agency 20131June1kloc-0/,the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare released the survey report of 20 1 1 on Friday, showing that Japan's Gini coefficient was 0.2708, a record high. According to reports, since 1984, Japan's Gini coefficient has been rising continuously, and this survey is 0.2708, which is 0.02 18 higher than the data in 2008, a record high. The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare believes that the increase in the number of elderly people and single families with lower incomes has led to the widening of the gap. It is reported that Gini coefficient is an important analysis index used to comprehensively investigate the income distribution gap of residents in a country or region. The closer the Gini coefficient is to 1, the greater the income distribution gap. In Japan, the survey of Gini coefficient is conducted every three years or so, and this time it is 16. The Gini coefficient of Japan is generally around 0.25, Germany is around 0.3, and the Gini coefficient of the United States has exceeded the warning line of 0.4. The Gini coefficient of developing countries is generally high, about 0.4 [1 1]. An important reason for Japan's low Gini coefficient is that the government "robs the rich and helps the poor" by implementing a highly progressive tax system. The highest income tax rate for high-income groups is 75%, while that for low-income groups is only 15%. The average tax rate of the American middle class is roughly 15% or 25%, and the richer middle class may have to pay 35%. However, because the tax rate applicable to the investment income of the super-rich is not more than 15%, which is far lower than the tax rate payable on wage income, the tax rate applicable to the income of many rich people is far lower than that of the general middle class.