Importance of Material Management in Highway Engineering
Highway construction is inseparable from the use of materials, and at the same time, in highway construction enterprises, material management is the key part of current enterprise management. At this stage, the competition in highway industry is fierce, and material management plays an important role in enterprise competition, which can not only safeguard the economic interests of enterprises, but also effectively reflect the competitiveness of enterprises in the industry, so that enterprises can occupy a place in highway construction industry [2]. The importance of material management is obvious. All enterprises in the highway construction industry should pay attention to the management of materials, from materials to various small facilities and equipment and personnel who use materials. If there are deficiencies in management, it should be adjusted in time to prevent the development of enterprises from being hindered. In highway construction, material management is equally important and is a key part of construction management. In order to successfully control the project cost, construction enterprises must first manage and control the engineering materials. However, if the grade of the materials used is changed, it will have an impact on the quality of the highway. As we all know, if there is an accident due to the quality of expressway, the losses caused are irreparable, so it has high requirements for the quality of expressway, which also requires the materials used in the construction. In addition, the key component of construction cost is the cost of required materials. Therefore, in highway construction, the importance of controlling and managing the cost of engineering materials is self-evident.
Problems existing in highway engineering material management
When purchasing materials
The management system needs improvement. Generally speaking, most projects, such as highway construction, will be outsourced, and the procurement of materials needed for construction also belongs to the scope of work of the project construction department, and each department has its own duties, so the rest departments generally will not interfere with the material procurement management of the construction department. Material procurement can't be unsupervised, and most project construction departments are negligent in this respect [3]. In addition, due to the lack of communication with other relevant departments, the staff responsible for procurement do not fully understand the relevant knowledge.
The procurement of materials whose application of information technology has not been popularized belongs to the scope of work of the construction unit. The personnel in charge of purchasing mainly use manual procurement without using information technology. Manual procurement takes a long time and reduces procurement efficiency.
The construction department is solely responsible for the procurement of materials, and there is no perfect procurement plan, so it has not communicated with other procurement departments in time. When purchasing materials, the relevant information cannot be conveyed in time, and the person in charge of purchasing does not fully understand the work, which brings obstacles to the procurement work. In addition, if the procurement personnel do not get the construction information in time, it will happen that the construction cannot be continued temporarily because the purchased materials do not meet the requirements.
The procurement method has not been updated in time. Some staff in charge of purchasing failed to keep up with the development of the times, and they still used traditional methods to purchase materials, so they could not keep abreast of market change information and grasp market trends in time when purchasing materials, which led to an increase in purchasing cost.
Long-term cooperation with suppliers has not been realized. Because there is no long-term cooperative fixed supplier and the materials are purchased at will, the quality of the purchased materials is not guaranteed, and it is more troublesome to put them into use, which invisibly increases the cost of checking the quality of materials.
Preservation and use of materials
The storage scheme is not perfect. There are some loopholes and security risks in the storage of materials. If there is no scientific, reasonable and comprehensive safety guarantee when storing engineering materials, it will lead to the formation of potential safety hazards and damage the materials [4]. Some engineering materials are not piled up in accordance with the specifications, and there is a lack of identification cards that are consistent with the materials. When the staff came to collect the materials and returned them, they did not record the specific information. These are all omissions in material storage.
The use of materials lacks management. First of all, the material is too loose to be properly controlled. Second, the management scope of materials is limited to the storage warehouse, and some materials will not be asked again after being taken out, especially those with low value and turnover function; Third, after the materials are taken to the construction site, in some cases, excessive collection leads to waste, and in other cases, they are sold. All these situations increase the construction cost invisibly.
Management countermeasures of highway engineering materials
Design a reasonable management plan
Different from ordinary construction, expressway construction is special, so when building expressway, we must choose the location of the required materials in advance to ensure that the materials can be placed accurately. Among them, if the required materials contain some fragile and easily damaged materials, they must be protected and then placed in a special material warehouse. The storage location of materials must be designed scientifically and reasonably, so as to prevent multiple relocations during use, reduce the risk of material damage and save the time consumed when taking materials.
Improve the material management system
(1) Before purchasing materials, the construction department should get in touch with the construction site to understand the actual construction situation and progress, and then arrange the procurement personnel to purchase. Since the construction has been going on, the materials required for different construction progress are different, so the construction progress and required materials must be determined before purchasing, and the personnel responsible for purchasing must be given enough purchasing time. In addition, every time you purchase, you should record the purchased materials to which construction team needs them to prevent confusion in use. (2) When purchasing materials, first of all, the personnel responsible for purchasing should have a certain professional foundation, or have a certain understanding of it, and have sufficient understanding of the characteristics, functions and market prices of the materials to be purchased; Secondly, when purchasing materials, the person in charge should also find out the source of the materials, prevent the existence of shoddy materials, and ensure the authenticity of the purchased materials; Then, after the purchase, all purchased materials should be recorded clearly and comprehensively to ensure that there will be no confusion when using them, and the accountant in charge of materials should also calculate and check the material cost [5]; Finally, after all the preliminary work is completed, the warehouse where the materials are placed will be guarded by special personnel, and the subsequent material distribution will also be handled by the caretaker, but it must be carried out in accordance with the regulations. The list of materials that need to be purchased twice should be recorded and have the ability to respond, and reasonable solutions can be given when there are problems with the materials. (3) When materials are put into use, if we want to avoid waste, we need to start with the distribution of materials. When distributing materials, the recipients and users should be recorded in detail, which can not only avoid waste, but also facilitate the smooth recovery of materials in the later period. In addition, users of some smaller equipment should also register to facilitate maintenance. Who is responsible for the damage, who will compensate, forming an effective control over the use of materials and equipment.
Make a reasonable material storage plan.
Due to the special highway construction project, its construction scope is large, and most of them are open-air, so the materials are stored in confusion and there is no good preservation condition. Therefore, it is necessary to make a scientific storage plan, set the positions of personnel and materials in advance, so as to facilitate access to materials at any time. Different materials are stored in different fixed positions, so that each material has its own position, which is convenient for management. According to the different characteristics of materials required for different construction operations, manage materials scientifically, store materials in convenient locations, take safety and convenience as the implementation standards, arrange them reasonably, and try to avoid handling again.
Strictly manage the safety measures of stored materials.
The materials stored in the warehouse should be strictly managed, especially in terms of material safety, and the use of materials should be avoided as much as possible. It is necessary to understand the nature and storage conditions of materials, and then manage them according to their storage conditions, master the indoor temperature and humidity of the warehouse, avoid using materials affected by mildew, and do a good job in the prevention and control of insects, ants and rats in the warehouse. In addition, the preservation of materials can not be ignored, strictly put an end to the phenomenon of material theft or destruction, and meet the material needs of the construction team in time.
The competition in highway construction industry is becoming more and more fierce, and highway construction is also going on. This paper analyzes the problems existing in highway engineering material management in detail, and gives the improvement countermeasures, which can provide reference for the subsequent development of material management.
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