I remember when the news first came out, the discussion was still very positive. Most of my friends around me are against it. Many friends believe that even if fertility is fully liberalized, the effect will not be ideal. Many of these friends have only one child, and some have even been married for many years without children.
According to statistics, the total number of women of childbearing age in China is about 300 million, so my personal friends are very limited, and the phenomenon that most of my friends are unwilling to have children is not convincing. Recently, however, many cities have carried out large-scale research activities in order to understand the intensity of reproductive desire of women of childbearing age. Let's have a look.
According to incomplete statistics, surveys on the fertility wishes of women of childbearing age have been conducted in Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, Jinan City, Shandong Province, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province and Chongqing City. From these survey results, it is not difficult to find a basic law, that is, the fertility will of urban people is lower than that of rural people, and the fertility will of the younger generation is lower than that of the middle-aged generation. The reasons for this phenomenon mainly come from four aspects, namely economy, work, time and physical condition. Let's take a look at them one by one:
First, the economy.
Economic pressure, to put it bluntly, is a question of money. It is sad to have no money to talk about having three children, just like the gap between ideal and reality. Some people have a strong desire to have a third child, but if they don't have enough money, they will encounter great difficulties in having a child, and the possibility of having a child will be lower.
The cost of having three children is not much, but the cost of raising three children is really high. In this era, raising children is not as simple as eating, drinking and wearing warm clothes. Every parent wants their children to win at the starting line, so it costs a lot of money to raise children. Many families are reluctant to take this step if they don't have enough personal ability to ensure that they can earn enough money to raise their children in the future.
Second, work.
In fact, our management has made a lot of efforts in the fairness and justice of women's workplace work. However, it is natural for China to have a large population and many enterprises, and it is natural for good enterprises to behave themselves. However, some enterprises will invisibly set obstacles for women in the recruitment process for their own interests.
In recent years, women's education level has improved, their thoughts have changed greatly, and there are more and more women in the workplace. However, we can often see that there are still a large number of "unequal" treatments for women in the workplace, and women are still vulnerable groups. Having one more child means that most women need to "choose one" again in their work and life.
Third, time.
In the era of rapid development, time is not enough for many people. We can often see all kinds of complaints on the Internet. Women complain that they spend all their time with their children after giving birth. Children go to school too late and leave school too early. Office workers have no time to balance work and family. They complain that children have too much homework. Parents often need to stay up late to accompany them, which affects their work.
These things are actually performed every day in life. If young families have the help of older parents, the time can be staggered, and this anxiety will be greatly reduced. However, if a young family is run and maintained by only one spouse, there will inevitably be one person who needs to take the family as the center, and women are the one who makes "sacrifices" in most cases.
Fourth, physical condition.
Sometimes we earn enough money and time, but our physical condition waits for no one. People who have a strong desire to have children may miss the best opportunity to succeed in pregnancy and finally leave all kinds of regrets.
The youngest is 42 years old after 70, and the oldest is 565,438+0 years old. Although it can still be born, it has missed the golden period of the best birth. Even if she barely gave birth to three children, the children born later will have a certain degree of influence on her intelligence and physical fitness. And as parents, our physical function is also declining at an accelerated rate, and we don't have enough energy to train future children.
Four problems, like four mountains, have brought down the fertility rate. In order to improve the fertility rate, we must first split these mountains effectively, and then think of a solution to the problem. Here is a brief discussion based on the most common economic problems.
Today, with the rapid economic operation and high material development, family income has increased and expenditure has doubled. According to previous statistics, 80% to 90% of family income is concentrated in real estate, and the remaining 10% funds need to be used to maintain daily expenses. The cost of having children needs to be considered in the long run.
When the concept of comprehensive triplets appeared, demographer Liang Jianzhang thought of a solution. By removing family assets from the real estate, everyone can have money to support their children. Specifically, when buying a house, different discounts are given according to the number of children born at home, such as buying a house with triplets at half price.
This suggestion is not feasible, but it does point out the problem. Buying a house is a big problem that every family needs to face. Thousands of families not only spend their parents' pension money to buy a house, but also have mortgages for twenty or thirty years in their own generation. In order to repay the loan on time, they can scrimp and save in life, which will inevitably affect the quality of life and the concept of money for the next generation.
If the expenditure on housing can be reduced by half, the freed money can be used in education, old-age care, medical care and other aspects of life. At that time, the concept of having one more child will gradually return, and the long-term low birth rate can also be effectively improved.
Of course, giving birth to a child can never be completely solved by "discounting the house". The difficulties faced by each family are very different, and the management can only make a control from the general direction. As for whether to have three children after clearing the obstacles, each family should analyze it according to the actual situation.