First of all, through visitors' self-reports, we can understand their problems. At this time, the consultant should pay attention to two aspects:
1. Basic information of visitors: including gender, age, occupation, family and social and cultural background of their lives. If the visitor does not want to be named, the consultant need not ask questions. Understanding the basic situation is helpful to analyze psychological problems and their social background.
2. The psychological problems of visitors: including finding out what is bothering them at present, how serious the problem is, how long it has lasted, what is the cause of the problem, and whether I have a clear consciousness.
At this stage, the consultant should pay attention to listening, and don't interrupt the visitor's topic at will and disturb the other party's thinking. However, listening is not completely passive, and visitors should be properly guided.
Second, the psychological diagnosis stage.
According to the collected data, combined with the relevant knowledge of psychology, the problems of visitors are analyzed and diagnosed, and the types, nature and severity of the problems of visitors are clarified, so as to establish the consulting objectives and choose the methods of asking for help.
Third, the information feedback stage.
Counselors feed back their knowledge and judgment on visitors' problems, so that visitors can make further decisions and consider whether to continue consulting.
At this stage, the information feedback from the consultant to the visitor should be as clear, concise and specific as possible, and should not use too many terms, but should explain the analysis and judgment of the received information in concise language, and the visitor can also ask questions or make supplements in order to make a more accurate diagnosis.
Fourthly, the establishment stage of consulting objectives.
The goals of psychological counseling include ultimate goal, intermediate goal and direct goal. The so-called ultimate goal refers to the ultimate goal of psychological counseling, which is usually defined as the self-realization of visitors; Intermediate goals refer to the important problems that visitors need to solve and the main growth needs; The direct goal is to solve the specific problems faced by visitors. Three goals, far and near, interact.
Five, help and change stage
Psychological counselors apply psychological methods and techniques to help visitors solve psychological problems. For those with serious psychological disorders, more professional psychotherapy techniques should be adopted. No matter what methods and techniques are used, consultants should pay attention to the principle of distinguishing between guidance and help and arranging substitution.
Sixth, the end stage.
Summarize the consultation, help visitors review the main points of the consultation, check the realization of the goal, and further consolidate the consultation results. Through the previous stages of conversation, the consultation process has come to an end. If the consultation conversation is successful, visitors are likely to talk about their feelings, tell their gains, understand and consider the next action plan. The consultant makes a brief summary and assigns relevant homework. Psychological counseling generally needs to be conducted many times, and the time of the next conversation needs to be agreed at the end stage.
In a word, psychological counseling is a process, and it takes months or even longer to get the desired results on the basis of the active cooperation of visitors. This is an interactive and long process. "Rome wasn't built in a day", and melting ice for three feet will never happen overnight. We should have a correct understanding and realistic expectation of psychological counseling. Of course, not all psychological problems need to be consulted and treated many times, and a simple question is enough once.