2. It should be a measure that should be taken or taken, and the parties should actively exercise it. They have no choice but to refuse to fulfill their legal obligations.
3. In principle, it means that you don't advocate not pursuing it. Of course, there is an ideal state that you conform to his principles.
4. The meanings of "should" and "must" are similar, and "must" has a more distinct mandatory color. "No" means "forbidden", which is forbidden by law.
What's the difference between space and universe? Outer space (company) [5fe: mement] (ether) [5i: we] (outer space).
translate freely
The space outside the earth's atmosphere, the whole space outside the atmosphere.
Physicists divide the atmosphere into five layers: troposphere (sea level to 10km), stratosphere (10 ~ 40km), mesosphere (40 ~ 80km), thermosphere (ionosphere, 80 ~ 370km) and outer atmosphere (ionosphere, over 370km). About 3/4 of the atmosphere above the earth is in the troposphere, and 97% is below the stratosphere. The outer edge of the stratosphere is the highest limit for an aircraft to fly with air support. Some high-altitude rockets can enter the middle layer. The lowest orbit of the satellite is in the thermocline, and its air density is 1% of the earth's surface. At the height of 16000km, air continues to exist, and even at the height of 10000km, there are still air particles. From a strictly scientific point of view, there is no clear boundary between airspace and outer space, but they are gradually integrated. The Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space pointed out that it is impossible to put forward accurate and lasting scientific standards to divide the boundary between outer space and airspace. In recent years, people tend to take the minimum height of artificial satellites from the ground (100 ~110) km as the lowest limit of outer space.
Division of air space and outer space
There have been two opposing views on the division of airspace and outer space.
① "Space Theory" advocates dividing the boundary between air space and outer space with a certain space height, so as to determine the applicable scope of two different legal systems.
② "Function Theory" holds that the applicable law should be determined according to the function of the aircraft. If it is a spacecraft, its activities belong to space activities, and the Outer Space Law should be applied; If it is an aircraft, its activities belong to aviation activities and should be governed by aviation law; The whole space is a whole, and there is no need to divide air space and outer space.
As far as the "space theory" is concerned, there are roughly the following opinions on determining the lower limit of outer space:
(1) limited to the highest altitude of the plane flying upwards, that is, 30 ~ 40 kilometers from the ground;
② Divide boundaries according to different air components. Because there is air from the surface of the earth to tens of thousands of kilometers, there are different opinions about tens, hundreds and thousands of kilometers. Some people even think that any place where air is found is air space and should belong to airspace.
(3) The lowest height of a satellite from the ground (100 ~ 1 10 km) is the lowest limit of outer space.
1976, eight equatorial countries, including Brazil, Colombia, Congo, Ecuador, Indonesia, Kenya, Uganda and Zaire, issued the Bogota Declaration, claiming that the geostationary orbit section above the equatorial countries (3587 1 km above the ground) belongs to the * * * range of all countries. The above requirements make the delimitation of outer space more complicated. In recent years, some people who hold the "space theory" gradually tend to accept the above third opinion, that is, the lower limit of outer space is about 100 km above the ground. 1975 Italy proposed that 90 kilometers above sea level is the highest limit of COPUOS airspace (airspace). 1976, Argentina, Belgium and Italy supported the boundary with an altitude of 100 km. 1979, the Soviet union suggested that outer space be located at an altitude of 100 ~ 1 10 km. At the same time, space objects of all countries have the right to fly over the airspace (airspace) of other countries in order to reach the orbit and return to the territory of the launching country. However, some other countries, such as the United States, Britain, Japan, etc., believe that from the current situation of space science and technology, it is still impossible to stipulate a certain height as the boundary between airspace and outer space. They stressed that the conditions and time for the delimitation of outer space are not yet ripe.
The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space is still considering the definition and boundary of outer space and the legal status of the geostationary orbit. COPUOS is considering satellite direct television broadcasting, remote sensing by Earth satellites and the use of nuclear power sources in outer space, so as to draft relevant legal principles.
The word "universe"
In the west, the word universe is called co *** os, the universe, space; In English; Russian name is кocMoc, German name is ko *** os, and French name is co *** os. Are derived from the Greek κoσμoζ. The ancient Greeks believed that the universe was created to produce order from chaos, and the original meaning of κoσμoζ was order. But in English, the more commonly used word for "universe" is Universe. This word has something to do with universitas. In the Middle Ages, people called universities a group of people who acted in the same direction and goal. In the broadest sense, universitas also refers to a unified whole composed of all ready-made things, that is, the universe. Universe and co *** os often express the same meaning, but the difference is that the former emphasizes the sum of material phenomena, while the latter emphasizes the structure or construction of the whole universe.
In Chinese, "Yu" stands for all four directions, that is, all space, and "Zhou" stands for all time, so the word "universe" has the meaning of "all time and space". Linking the concept of "universe" with time and space embodies the wisdom of the ancient people in China.
What's the difference between what I need and what I need to be? need to do sth.
What's the difference between visiting and visiting? When it comes to visiting, it is mostly for superiors or elders, and there is a lot of respect. Visitors are mostly peers, have a harmonious relationship and have personal feelings in it.
What is the difference in usage and meaning between adolescence and adolescence? Youth generally refers to young adults, while adolescence refers to the development period from 13 years to 15 years before adulthood.
Like and be liked. What's the difference in meaning? Like and be liked, the former is very simple for some people, and the object that everyone likes has some specific characteristics ... on the other hand, it also tests how the loved one accepts each other's efforts and changes. We all have the right to like people and be liked. In fact, the reason is as simple as that.
Like pain, but also like happiness.
Hope to adopt
Is there a difference in expression between thank and thank? have
You can't use thank you alone, but you can use thank you alone.
Thanks tend to be spoken, and thanks tend to be written. Thank you must be followed by * * *.
For example, thank you
May you learn from the next level:-)
If you don't know, you can ask o (∩ _ ∩) o.
What's the difference between "link" and "link" in meaning? Link: generally refers to hyperlink.
Connection: broadly speaking, it includes physical meaning, logical meaning and linking meaning.
Legally speaking, the two principles that administrative legislation must follow are those two. Legally speaking, administrative legislation must follow two principles: democratic principle and efficiency principle.