The height of flowering deciduous trees of apple trees can reach 15 meters, and it is generally 3-5 meters high under cultivation conditions. The trunk is grayish brown, the old bark has irregular longitudinal cracks or flaking, and the branchlets are smooth. The leaf sequence is simple and alternate, oval to ovoid, and the leaf margin is serrated. Corymb with white petals, pink buds, 20 stamens and 5 styles. Fruit is a kind of kernel, and its color and size vary with varieties.
Apples like light, slightly acidic to neutral soil. It is most suitable for sandy soil with deep soil layer, rich organic matter and good ventilation and drainage of core soil. There are more than 7500 known species. Improved varieties: "Red Star Series", "Red Fuji" and "Jonathan". In addition to fresh varieties, there are apples for cooking. Because the fruit acid of apple has the function of retaining water, it is suitable for baking Apples contain a lot of pectin, which is a soluble fiber that can reduce cholesterol and bad cholesterol. It can also control asthma and chronic obstructive pneumonia.
Respondent: Dagang Bouncing-10 Level 2010-10/421:54.
This is an ordinary apple. One side is red, and red is yellow; One side is yellow, and yellow is reddish. On its yellow skin, there are several "freckles" of different sizes and spots; On her red face, there is a scar about 1, 5 cm long, plus a crimson broken place. On this apple, this is a big failure. The short handle is hidden in the concave place above the apple, like a poor man trapped in the mire, and like a shy girl who doesn't want to see anyone. Pick it up, I can't help but take a deep breath, and a faint fragrance comes to my nose. After a while, I felt relaxed and refreshed, and my bones were crisp all over. I want a bite, but I can't bear to hurt it. After much hesitation, I finally got out of my mouth. "Khaki" bites down, and the sweet taste is just right: slightly thicker, too sweet; A little lighter, it's too tasteless. Overflow in your mouth, with endless aftertaste. Take another bite and the juice will dissolve into my blood like sweet honey. Put him on the table and make a "bang" sound, like a person's heart racing after exercise, shaking from side to side like a tumbler.
About Apple:
Apple is an ancient fruit with a history of at least several thousand years. The apple tree is the legendary tree of fate in the Garden of Eden. The forbidden fruit that Adam and Eve stole was an apple. Since ancient times, praise for apples has been common in paintings and literary works. From the oil paintings of Diu Lei and Cranch, to euripides and Shakespeare, to Tagore and Rilke and Plech, there are poems describing Apple. John Galsworthy wrote the novel The Apple Tree, Puning wrote the novel The Apple in Winter, Chekhov's novel The Bride specially put the bride Najia in the apple orchard in her hometown, and Bao Si Tosky's novel The Blind Chef put Mozart's performance before the blind chef died on an early morning in April, when the apple was in full bloom in front of the blind chef.
Why do people have such feelings for Apple? I think it's probably because apples are really sweet and delicious, very popular and can be seen everywhere. Apple trees are never really noble, but poor. Generally speaking, they are not tall and will never refuse people who are thousands of miles away, but they are within reach and look gentle and amiable. At least not as noble as litchi. When riding a princess in the world of mortals and laughing, no one knew it was litchi.
Yes, apples are one of the popular fruits. The fruit yield in the world is the highest, the first is bananas, and the second is apples. /kloc-Henry Ward Beecher, a famous American priest in the 0/9th century, once said that apple is the fruit of the most democracy: "Whether it is neglected, abused or abandoned, it can manage itself well and achieve fruitful results."
Beecher is right, the vitality of apple trees is extremely tenacious, and the cold tolerance exceeds any fruit, probably the fruit growing at the highest latitude. When Beidahuang jumped the queue, there were no other fruit trees, only apple trees could be planted. It is a kind of fruity light. The fruit is small, a little sour, but crisp. Not long after the apple planted the tree, winter came. Winter in the Great Northern Wilderness comes early and goes late, and the "big smoke bubble" is very cold when it blows. Therefore, apples are very sad in winter. Local villagers used to store apples in vegetable pits. Potatoes were frozen into ice, and apples were black and rotten with cold. In my first year, I was full of curiosity and competitiveness. Autumn has come, the apple trees have borne fruit, and the cabbage in the vegetable field has begun to hold the heart. We put apples in cabbage, and when the leaves of cabbage grow layer by layer, we wrap the apples tightly in cabbage. When collecting cabbage, we put the cabbage wrapped with apples into the vegetable cellar. In New Year and Spring Festival, we open the cabbage and roll out the red apples. It's not frozen at all, and it's still crisp with a bite. If we have any inventions in the Great Northern Wilderness, it should be counted as one. Of course, it is also the vitality of Apple itself, which is "anti-manufacturing" in the words of the Great Northern Wilderness. It can be said that they are the only dependent fruits in the winter of the Great Northern Wilderness. In New Year and Spring Festival, they give us joy and remind us of our distant hometown.
According to statistics, the annual output of apples in the world is tens of millions of tons, with the highest output in the United States, accounting for nearly 1/4 of the world. Americans have a soft spot for apples. When their land was just developed, it was Apple that helped them transform the wasteland into their homes. Johnny Apple, a famous American folk hero, spent 40 years sowing the seeds of apple trees in the wilderness of Ohio.
The apple that the United States exports the most to the world is the snake fruit that we are quite familiar with now. It is said that this is a new variety cultivated in Iowa that year. In 1893, it won the first prize in a competition in Louisiana, Missouri, and was named snake fruit, which means "delicious" in English because it was "too sweet and directionless" at that time. Now snake fruit is stinking in our country. I remember that in the early 1990s, I first saw this kind of snake fruit imported from America in the duty-free shop in front of Zhuhai Customs. I bought some specially to take home, but none of my family wanted to eat them. Not as sweet as I thought. The key is peace. Some are like golden red apples that we have already eliminated.
I guess 1893' s snake fruit probably won't be like this. More than a hundred years have passed, and even the best tea will not taste the same now. For thousands of years, apples and humans have shared the same fate. Man has changed his fate and changed his taste. Apple trees are more and more like dogs domesticated by humans, and they can only do what they are told. Apple's personalization, scale and commercialization make its parents more and more concentrated on a few varieties, and degradation is inevitable. Their original wildness gradually lost a lot, and their creativity became worse and worse.
In the chapter "Apples" of the book "The Desire of Plants", Michael Pollan, an American biologist, specifically listed the fact that nikolai vavilov, a former Soviet biologist and president of Lenin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, discovered the wild apple forest in Almaty, Kazakhstan as early as 1922. In order to study the genetic diversity of apples, he asked to protect this rare wild apple forest in the world, but he was a victim of the great criticism of genetics in Stalin's era. For Apple, Johnny became a hero, but a sinner.
Pollan went on to say, 1989, Emma Dee Jay Gorif, an 80-year-old biologist and vavilov student, invited a group of scientists to Almaty to see the wild apple grove, hoping that they could help him save it, "because a real estate development boom is spreading from Almaty to the surrounding hilly areas".
How can I eat that kind of "too sweet to have a direction" apple? This is how we destroy apples that have depended on us for thousands of years, and not just apples. The history of Apple is our own history.
In Shihezi City, Xinjiang, I saw all the street trees planted all over the street were apple trees. I wonder if there are any other cities in the world that use apple trees as street trees. I haven't seen them anyway. This is really a beautiful scenery. It's close to Almaty, which reminds me of apples in Almaty. Is this link comparison or comfort? Perhaps Apple itself is a modern fable.
186 Interviewee: Female Stupid Pig-Level 2 2008-10-1318: 57
Let me comment on >> related content.
Articles about Apple 2006-4- 15
Interviewee: extra day before-level 2: 2010-10-14: 42.
Hello everyone! I am chubby, about 8 cm tall and 200 g round. As you all guessed, I am the fruit that everyone is familiar with-apple. When you choose us from many fruits, it is the greatest happiness for us.
I am a fruit growing in the north. In autumn, the idiom "fruitful" refers to us! Whenever people walk through an apple orchard, my attractive smell comes to my nostrils, and with the breeze, it enters your whole body, and the long-lost comfort comes from your body and mind. What could be more pleasant than this! Below, I will introduce myself in detail!
In ancient times, people called me "Nai", also known as Taopo, which is sweet and sour and nutritious, and is one of the fruits suitable for all ages.
We are native to Europe, Central Asia and western Xinjiang, China, with a cultivation history of over 5,000 years. Central Asian apples are considered as one of the birthplaces of modern cultivated apples and the original species of cultivated apples in Europe and America. Anyway, our apple family is one of the "old-timers" in fruit!
There are many members in our family, such as Guoguang, Green Banana, Huang Xiangjiao, Red Star and Zhuguang. Skin color is also different, including red, yellow, green and purple.
My taste is still very attractive. Look! That red "skin" is as lovely and beautiful as a child's face; Take a bite, and the sweet pulp and juice will enter your heart, which is simply wonderful.
We are also a healthy fruit, which contains a lot of trace elements such as magnesium, sulfur, iron, copper, iodine, manganese and zinc, which is different from oranges and other fruits that will get angry if they eat too much. Moreover, my body contains many vitamins and minerals. , constitute the nutrients needed by the brain. Some fibers are beneficial to children's development, and zinc can enhance children's memory.
Anyway, believe me when I say this, everyone must have liked me! Friends, I should go home, for nothing!
Respondents: 60. 182. 147. * 20 10- 10- 15 20: 35.
My hometown is rich in apples, and I am familiar with it! ! Let me introduce you! !
Eating apples can not only lose weight, but also help digestion. It's good for the elderly. Apple contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, sugars, fats and so on. It constitutes an essential nutrient for the brain. The fiber in apple is beneficial to the growth and development of children and can promote the growth and development. Zinc in apples is beneficial to children's memory and can enhance their memory. But the acid in apples will corrode teeth, so it is best to rinse your mouth after eating apples! ! 35 composition network
There are thousands of varieties of apples, which are divided into three categories: wine varieties, cooking varieties and tail foods. The three varieties are different in color, size, fragrance, smoothness (and possibly crispness and flavor). Many varieties have high sugar content, moderate acidity and low tannin content. Besides raw apples, there are many cooking methods, which are often used as snack fillings. Apple scones may be the earliest sweet-tailed food in America. Fried apples are often eaten with sausages, pork chops and other dishes, especially in Europe.
Wow ... apples have so many benefits! Let me introduce the morphological habits and reproductive habits of apples to you! Everyone must want to know! ! 35 composition network
Apple trees, deciduous trees. The height of the tree can reach 15 meters, and it is generally about 3 ~ 5 meters under cultivation conditions. The trunk is grayish brown, the old bark has irregular longitudinal cracks or flaking, and the branchlets are smooth. Simple leaves alternate, oval to ovoid, with serrated leaves. Corymb, white petals, pink buds, 20 stamens, 5 styles. Fruit is a kind of kernel, and its color and size vary with varieties. Like light, like slightly acidic to neutral soil. It is most suitable for sandy soil with deep soil layer, rich organic matter and good ventilation and drainage.
The flower bud differentiation of most apple varieties began in early June and ended before winter. The whole process is divided into three stages: physiological differentiation, morphological differentiation and sexual cell maturation. The flower buds are mixed buds and the inflorescences are corymbose cymes. Each inflorescence has 5-8 flowers, mostly 5. The central flower blooms first, and the marginal flower blooms later. The central flower has the best quality, stable fruit and large fruit. When thinning flowers and fruits, the central flowers and fruits should be kept, and the marginal flowers and fruits should be thinned more. The bud leaves first, then blooms, and shoots from the fruit table. The number and length of branches on the fruit table vary with varieties and nutritional conditions of fruiting mother branches. Varieties with strong secondary branches and long and strong branches, such as Zhuguang, have small fruits, low yield and loose fruiting branches. This variety uses thinning 1, leaving 1 and pinching new shoots to control the growth of secondary branches. Varieties with medium secondary branch growth (1 or 2), short branches (below 10 cm) and thick branches, such as Jin Shuai and Jonakin, have large fruits, high yield, compact fruiting branches, easy regeneration and strong continuous fruiting ability. Varieties with weak secondary shoot growth (1) and short branches (less than 3 cm), such as Yuan Shuai and Enpai, have large fruits, compact fruiting branches, easy to form chicken feet branches and easy to update. However, most fruit forests bear fruit every other year, so more reserve branches should be left to reduce the fruit bearing in different years. 35 composition network
After listening to my account, you must know a lot about apples!
.....................................................................
Apple is a common fruit. It's chubby. It is red all over. Hold it in your hand and it will gently stick to your palm. When you choose it from thousands of apple trees in Qian Qian, it is a kind of happiness. It can bring sweetness to people. This is its greatest happiness. Apple is a kind of fruit that grows in the north. The idiom "fruitful" refers to it. When you walk past an apple, it will enter your nostrils and even your whole body with the breeze. A long-lost comfort will emerge from your long-buried nerves. What could be simpler than this? Let me introduce apples!
Flowering deciduous trees of apple trees. The height of the tree can reach 15m. Under cultivation conditions, it is generally 3-5m high. The trunk is grayish brown. The old bark is irregularly longitudinally split or flaked. Branchlets are smooth. The leaf order is simple and alternate. It is oval to oval. The leaf margin is serrated. The corymb has white petals. Stamens 20. The style is 5. This kind of fruit is a kind of kernel.
Apples like light, slightly acidic to neutral soil. It is most suitable for sandy soil with deep soil layer, rich organic matter and good ventilation and drainage. There are more than 7500 known varieties. Good varieties: Red Star Series, Red Fuji, Jonathan, etc. Besides fresh varieties, there are also cooked apples. Because apple's fruit acid can keep water, it is suitable for baking. It can also control asthma, chronic obstructive pneumonia and other diseases. Apples have a special effect on enhancing children's memory. Apple not only contains a variety of vitamins, lipids, minerals, sugars and other essential nutrients for the brain, but also contains fine fibers beneficial to children's growth and development and zinc that can enhance children's memory. Zinc is an essential element that constitutes nucleic acid and protein closely related to memory. Zinc deficiency will make the hippocampus on the edge of cerebral cortex underdeveloped. It's good. Once the zinc in food is reduced, children's memory and learning ability will be seriously damaged. This kind of injury will last into adulthood. In order to make children have a good memory, children should be allowed to eat more apples.
Respondents: Xue Tian Yue 444- Level 3 2010-10-1521:10.
Apple, also known as Taopo, is a kind of drupe, which consists of several seeds wrapped in juicy pulp and belongs to pear. Commercial apples are native to West Asia or Eastern Europe, and there are about 7,500 varieties in the world. They are sweet, sour and nutritious, and are one of the fruits suitable for all ages.
nutritive value
The water content of fresh apples is 85%.
Apples are rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements. Especially the content of vitamin A and carotene is higher.
Effects on disease and health
It is rich in water-soluble dietary fiber-pectin. Pectin has the functions of protecting intestinal wall, activating beneficial bacteria in intestinal tract, regulating gastrointestinal function, absorbing water, eliminating constipation, stabilizing blood sugar, beautifying skin, adsorbing bile and cholesterol, and can effectively prevent hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia, clean intestinal tract and prevent colorectal cancer.
Malic acid and citric acid in apple sour taste can improve gastric juice secretion and promote digestion.
Malic acid can also stabilize blood sugar and prevent diabetes, so diabetics should eat sour apples.
Apples are rich in potassium, which can prevent and treat hypertension. China people's salt intake is seriously excessive, which leads to the retention of sodium and water in the body and promotes hypertension. Potassium can increase the excretion of sodium from the kidney and reduce the content of sodium in cells, thus lowering blood pressure. Potassium can also dilate blood vessels, and together with pectin can prevent metabolic syndrome.
Apples can also prevent cancer and lead poisoning.
Interviewee: I'll call you-level 1 2010-10-171:16.
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Interviewee: zzyyll 2000- level 1 2010-1711:33.
Apple, also known as Taopo, is a kind of drupe, which consists of several seeds wrapped in juicy pulp and belongs to pear. Commercial apples are native to West Asia or Eastern Europe, and there are about 7,500 varieties in the world. They are sweet, sour and nutritious, and are one of the fruits suitable for all ages.
nutritive value
The water content of fresh apples is 85%.
Apples are rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements. Especially the content of vitamin A and carotene is higher.
Effects on disease and health
It is rich in water-soluble dietary fiber-pectin. Pectin has the functions of protecting intestinal wall, activating beneficial bacteria in intestinal tract, regulating gastrointestinal function, absorbing water, eliminating constipation, stabilizing blood sugar, beautifying skin, adsorbing bile and cholesterol, and can effectively prevent hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia, clean intestinal tract and prevent colorectal cancer.
Malic acid and citric acid in apple sour taste can improve gastric juice secretion and promote digestion.
Malic acid can also stabilize blood sugar and prevent diabetes, so diabetics should eat sour apples.
Apples are rich in potassium, which can prevent and treat hypertension. China people's salt intake is seriously excessive, which leads to the retention of sodium and water in the body and promotes hypertension. Potassium can increase the excretion of sodium from the kidney and reduce the content of sodium in cells, thus lowering blood pressure. Potassium can also dilate blood vessels, and together with pectin can prevent metabolic syndrome.
Apples can also prevent cancer and lead poisoning.
Apple juice has a strong effect on killing infectious viruses. People who eat more apples are much less likely to catch a cold than those who don't eat or eat less apples. Therefore, some scientists and doctors call apples "all-round healthy fruits" or "general practitioners". Now the air pollution is more serious. Eating more apples can improve the respiratory system and lung function, and protect the lungs from pollution and smoke.
Apple has a natural and pleasant aroma, which has obvious effect of eliminating depression.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that apples are flat in nature and have the effects of nourishing the heart and moistening the lungs, promoting fluid production and detoxifying, benefiting qi and regulating the stomach, sobering up and calming the liver.
Diet should be avoided.
Apples should not be eaten with seafood. Apples contain tannic acid. Eating with seafood not only reduces the nutritional value of seafood protein, but also tends to have symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Similarly, other fruits with more tannins, such as strawberries, bayberries, persimmons, pomegranates, lemons, grapes and sour pomelo, should not be eaten with seafood.
Apples are rich in nutrition. Chewing slowly when eating apples is not only conducive to digestion, but also conducive to reducing human diseases.
Expectant mothers eat an apple every day, which can reduce the reaction during pregnancy.
Purchase, preservation and eating methods
There are many kinds of apples, with different appearance and pulp characteristics, and their applicability in seasons and various uses is also very different.
Fresh apples should be solid, crisp and beautiful in color; Mature apples have certain fragrance, compact texture and easy storage; Immature apples have bad color and no fragrance, and may shrink after storage; Overripe apples droop easily when pressed lightly on the surface. Apple will have internal damage and collision scars after being frozen for a period of time. Irregular brown or brown spots will not seriously affect the eating quality of apples.
Apples that grow without bagging are unsightly in appearance, but have high sugar content. From early spring to summer, apples in this period are all stored apples, so the taste is not very fresh.
The skin of fresh apples is sticky, and you can see a layer of frost. This is not because of waxing, but a layer of natural waxy substance, which can protect apples. Besides, some apples taste as sweet as honey. This is because a special kind of sugar will be formed in fruit after being fully irradiated by sunlight. This kind of sugar has high osmotic pressure and can absorb water from surrounding tissues, so it tastes like honey.
Apples can be kept fresh for 7 ~ 10 days in the shade, and can be kept fresh for longer if they are put into plastic bags and put in the refrigerator. If you have extra apples, you can make them into candied fruit or jam and keep them in the refrigerator.
If immature kiwifruit or pear is put into a plastic bag with apples, the ethylene released by apples can make other fruits mature and make kiwifruit and pear soft. But if apples are put together with other mature fruits and vegetables, they will accelerate the decay, so they should be avoided.
Precautions for eating
After apple is cut or peeled, it can be soaked in light salt water or sprinkled with lemon juice to prevent discoloration.
Vitamins, pectin and other effective ingredients in apples are mostly contained in and near the peel, so apples should be washed and eaten, and try not to peel them. Apple with no pesticide and low pesticide is preferred.
Related recipes and food collocation
Hot toffee apple
Peel the apple and cut it into pieces; Heat a proper amount of oil in a wok, pour in white sugar, simmer until the sugar is thin, then add diced apples, turn them repeatedly until the sugar is hanging, and then take them out of the wok and serve.
The dish has the effects of appetizing, harmonizing stomach and prolonging life, and is suitable for people with poor appetite.
For the public.
Most people can eat it.
Apple, apple, temperate fruit tree. Cross-pollination environment requires ① temperature: the annual average temperature is 8 ~ 14℃. The ten-day average temperature in Leng Yue is not lower than-14℃; There is a defoliation dormancy period of more than 50 days, and the daily average temperature around 7℃ is greater than 10 days; The average monthly temperature in summer is lower than 27 ~ 28℃. ② Rainfall: When the growing season is dry and hot, the water demand is large. The annual rainfall of 500 ~ 800 mm basically meets the needs. Rainy flowering will affect pollination and fruit setting. ③ Illumination: the annual sunshine is less than 1500 hours, which is not conducive to the coloring of red varieties. In areas with high altitude and low accumulated temperature, strong sunshine can supplement part of the heat and contribute to the fruit development of mid-late maturity varieties. ④ Soil: When the pH value is lower than 4 ~ 4.5 or higher than 7.5 ~ 8, it is easy to cause physiological diseases of apples. When the total salt content is lower than 0. 13%, it can grow normally. Sandy loam is the most suitable soil.
Description of nutritional imbalance symptoms in apples
Apple leaves are yellow and red in spring when nitrogen is scarce, and thin and yellow in summer. In severe cases, the leaves are early and the leaves are small. Excessive nitrogen will cause the dark green leaves of apple leaves to become bigger and wrinkled.
The young leaves of phosphorus-deficient apples are small dark green, the adult leaves are dark purple and the bronze color is dim. The petiole and new shoots on the back of the leaves are purple with brown spots, and the leaves are at an acute angle with the new shoots.
The tips of the leaves in the middle and lower parts of the new shoots of potassium-deficient apples turn green, the leaf edges are yellow or dark purple, they shrink and curl, then they are necrotic and scorched, and expand to the top. Seriously, the whole leaves are reddish brown and brown, and the dead leaves have not fallen for a long time. Potassium-deficient fruits are poor in color and taste when they are young and ripe, so they are not resistant to storage.
Apple fruit is also bitter pox because of calcium deficiency. Before harvesting, the surface of diseased fruit sinks before the top of fruit, and the pulp becomes soft, dry and bitter, which leads to the increase of diseases during storage. Calcium deficiency can also cause water heart disease, the translucent waterlogging of pulp expands radially, and the diseased tissue is soft and smelly; During storage, the diseased spots developed continuously, and finally the intercellular space of pulp was filled with juice until it rotted.
Light green spots or grayish green spots appear between veins of magnesium-deficient leaves of apples, which spread to the leaf margin and quickly turn yellow-brown to dark brown, and then the necrotic leaves between veins and leaf margins fall off. The top is a rosette with thin and pale leaves; In severe cases, the fruit can not mature normally, and the fruit is small, with poor color and flavor.
Apple leaves turn green and yellow due to sulfur deficiency. In severe cases, the shoots wither, and the fruit is small and deformed, with light color, thick skin and little juice.
Apples are prone to iron deficiency. The chlorosis and yellowing of new shoot leaves is called yellow mosaic disease, and the degree of chlorosis is aggravated in turn. Summer and autumn shoots are more common than spring shoots, and the diseased leaves are mostly in clear reticular mosaic, which is called yellow mosaic. If it is severely yellow and white, the leaf edge can also be burned, dried up and fall off early, forming dead branches or bald branches. It has repeatedly led to the decline of the whole factory.