The battle of Changping was a war between Zhou Nanwang and Zhou Nanwang from 1953 to 1955 (Zhou Nanwang from April 1955 to September 1955, Zhou Nanwang from early 1954 to September 1955). Qin led the troops to fight with Zhao in Changping (now northwest of Gaoping City, Jincheng, Shanxi Province). Zhao was finally defeated, Qin won and occupied Changping. In this battle, Zhao was beheaded and killed about 450 thousand.
This battle is a strategic decisive battle between Qin and Zhao. Due to years of war, Qin's grain and grass consumption is serious, and the stalemate on the battlefield is not good for it. Plus, Lian Po fought impeccably, so he used a double agent.
Because the prince of Zhao lost the first battle and saw that it was unprofitable, he made peace with Qin and was not allowed to play. The young prince of Zhao wanted to attack, but Lian Po couldn't hold on and refused to obey Zhao's orders. Coupled with the intrigue of Qin, he abandoned the famous Lian Po and replaced Lian Po with Zhao Kuo. According to Wang Zhao's intention, Zhao Kuo changed Lian Po's defensive deployment and pursuit mode, replaced generals and organized attacks.
Qin saw the opportunity and secretly replaced the commander-in-chief with leitian. In view of the weakness of Zhao Kuo's eagerness for success, Leitian adopted the operational policy of pretending to be defeated and retreating, luring the enemy out of the position, then dividing, encircling and annihilating, and finally winning the war.
The Battle of Zhao was greatly weakened, which accelerated the process of Qin's unification of China. The battle of Changping was the last turning point in the history of the Warring States, so it was only a matter of time before Qin was unified (see Historical Stages of the Warring States). This war is the earliest, largest and most thorough large-scale annihilation war in China's ancient military history.
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Sun Tzu's Art of War is the earliest extant art book, which has always been highly respected and attracted many scholars. All thirteen articles, each beginning with Sun Tzu Yue, are focused, distinct, rigorous in logic, concise in language, simple in style, good in parallelism and narrative, and vivid and concrete in metaphor.
For example, writing about the actions of the army: "Fast as the wind, fierce as the fire, motionless as the mountain, obscure as the yin, and moving as the" (On the Army) is both appropriate and vivid, with a sonorous sound and extraordinary momentum, so Liu Xie called it "Sun Zhijing, and his words are like pearls and jade" ("Wen Xin Diao Long Cheng Qi"). I want to work out the layout of the article with careful thinking in the battle, just like giving Sun Wu a little freshness.
The cause of the Changping war
In the forty-five years of Zhou Nanwang (the first 270 years), Qin Jun crossed the south of the Yangtze River to recruit Zhao, and was defeated by the Zhao Zhao Society in the Jiaohe River (now Shanxi Heshun Northwest). At this time, when he entered the state of Qin, he put forward the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near". According to the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near", we first attacked Wei and then turned to South Korea. ?
In fifty-three years (262 BC), Qin attacked and occupied the wild king of South Korea (now Qinyang, Henan), completely cutting off the contact between Shangdang County and the mainland. ?
The Duke Huan of Han was very afraid and sent Yang Chengjun to the State of Qin to apologize, demanding that the soldiers of the State of Qin be stopped in the land of Shangdang. The governor of Shangdang County was unwilling to surrender to the State of Qin, so he planned to use the power of Zhao to resist the State of Qin with the people of Shangdang County and dedicate the seventeen cities of Shangdang County to Zhao.
Zhao Chengxiao, the monarch of Zhao State, and Zhao Bao, the monarch of Pingyang, discussed this matter. Pingyang advocated not accepting Shangdang County. He thought it was to blame Zhao for not giving Shangdang County to Qin, and the disaster brought by accepting it far outweighed the benefits.
Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao also summoned Ping Yuanjun Zhao Sheng to discuss with Zhao Yu. They suggested that Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao accept Shangdang County in Feng Ting. They said, "After years of attacks, the ideal city cannot be occupied. Now you can get 17 cities by enjoying success. This is a big profit, and you can't miss this opportunity. " Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao said, "Good."
He also asked, "If you accept Shangdang's land, the State of Qin will send troops to attack the White Area. Who can resist? " Ping Yuanjun replied, "It is difficult for others to compete with Leitian. Lian Po is brave and good at fighting, cherishing soldiers. It is better to start from scratch in the field, but he is fully competent in guarding the city. "
So, Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao listened to the counsel of Ping Yuanjun and Zhao Sheng, sealed Feng Ting Huayang Army, sent Ping Yuanjun to take over the land, and sent Lian Po to Changping (now Gaoping City, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province) to guard against Qin Jun's attack. ?
Zhao accepted his admission to the Party, which aroused the dissatisfaction of Qin, who decided to send troops to attack Zhao.