Psychological counseling is a major, that is, psychological counselors, who use psychology and related knowledge, follow psychological principles, and help clients solve psychological problems through various techniques and methods. "Helping people solve psychological problems" has two meanings: first, the relationship between psychological counseling is the relationship between "seeking" and "helping", which is of universal significance in psychological counseling. Second, the problems that can be solved can only be psychological problems, or behavioral problems caused by psychological problems. In addition, counselors do not help clients solve any specific problems in their lives.
Psychological counseling is a process in which psychological counselors help clients solve psychological problems. In the field of science, to define a certain kind of things, according to the rules, should be to say the essence of things in the most common language. Therefore, there is only one sentence to define psychological consultation: "Psychological consultation is a process in which psychologists help visitors solve various psychological problems". If it is more complete, the concept of psychological counseling is: "Psychologists use psychological principles and methods to help visitors find their own problems and roots, so as to tap their potential abilities, change their original cognitive structure and behavior patterns, and improve their adaptability to life and their ability to adjust to the surrounding environment." The concept of psychological counseling can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Broadly speaking, it includes various methods or means of clinical intervention. The narrow concept mainly refers to non-standardized clinical intervention measures. In other words, the broad concept of "psychological counseling" includes two clinical technical means: "narrow psychological counseling" and "psychotherapy". Different scholars at home and abroad have different views on the operational definition of psychological counseling. Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, believes that psychological counseling is a process of providing psychological help and trying to change the behavior and attitude of individuals through continuous direct contact. Ma Jianqing in our country believes that psychological counseling is a process of maintaining and improving physical and mental health, promoting personality development and potential development by solving the psychological problems of visitors (including developmental psychological problems and barrier psychological problems) by using the theories and methods of psychological science. We believe that we should absorb the reasonable core of different opinions and define it according to a high degree of abstraction and generalization: psychological counseling is a process in which psychological counselors help visitors solve psychological problems.
The basic stage of psychological counseling process
1. Establish an interdependent and equal relationship. 2. Collect information and find out the general scope and possible nature of the problem. Pay attention to the basic situation, social and cultural background and psychological problems of the inquirer. 3 diagnosis and examination, and determine the consulting objectives. In psychological counseling, the most commonly used examination tool is psychological test scale, and biochemical instruments can also be used for physiological measurement if conditions permit and necessary. In this process, there are two problems worthy of attention: (1) We should pay attention to making an accurate judgment on the nature of the questioner's questions as a whole. A. it depends on whether psychology, behavior and environment are unified. B. it depends on whether the psychological activities are complete and coordinated. C. it depends on whether the psychological characteristics of personality are stable. (2) The nature of the questioner's question should be confirmed in detail, and the goal of consultation or treatment should be defined. 4. Choose a solution to the problem. 5. Follow up the feedback to consolidate and develop the consulting effect. Follow-up observation can be carried out in many ways. Communication and consultation is the easiest way.