Qiqihar is crowded with people.
The stream of people laid the foundation for Qiqihar culture.
1906 In May, the library was built in the ancient city outside the Great Wall. In Longsha Park, there is a pavilion-style antique building with double eaves, which is the place where it collects ancient books. Now Qiqihar Library has passed 100 years. This carved beam painting building is a library covered with green glazed tiles, with a kiss on the roof, ivory carved on the eaves and auspicious clouds on the white eaves. In winter, green houses and white snow are companions, which complement each other; In summer, Yuzhu is adjacent to green trees, and birds and flowers are fragrant. This library beyond the Great Wall has added a strong bookish atmosphere to our city, making people feel the charm of this city.
There are 400-500 kinds of rare books of ancient books in Qi City Library, with a volume of 1.2 million, involving classics, history, books and collections. Many ancient books were exiled to the hands of the old Bukui literati and brought to the border from the mainland through hardships. Many books are rare and unique. When we look through these books with rich ancient fragrance, we are always moved by some names. Chen Menglei, editor-in-chief of the famous large-scale book Collection of Ancient and Modern Books; In 15, Bu Kui wrote 250 poems and 3 134 poems, which were included in Bao Su Zhai Ji and Bao Su Zhai Gu Yue Fu. According to the customs of Heilongjiang, Fang Shiji wrote "Introduction to Longsha" in his notebook; Cheng Tang, who wrote the first play of Heilongjiang, The Legend of Dragon Sand Sword; During his stay in the garrison, he arranged 12 plant poems in cold Tang Cui, and wrote an inscription for the brick tower of the Buddhist king of the Tang Dynasty, which won the charm of the original work. Liu, author of 28 volumes of Tibetan Regret Zhai Ji; In the garrison, he wrote Buquelio in English and Chinese, "Look at what he saw, ask him about his old age and collect old news". While guarding the border, he wrote "105 copies of Longjiang", reciting the customs of Heilongjiang in detail; Zhang Guangzao, who compiled the poems written during his departure from the fort into two volumes: Poems of Longjiang Chronicle; And Gong Guangzan, Li, Song Shugu, Zhang Runan, Wang Lin, Fu Nai, Li Renshan and many other shipwrecked literati who were exiled to Qiqihar for "writing a case".
The topic of floating population is a bit heavy. Exile, exile is also a kind of prisoner. However, even criminals are divided into serious, guilty and petty theft, as well as intentional crimes and knowingly committing crimes. Among the exiles, there are Muslims who resisted the oppression of the Qing Dynasty, followers who once resisted the Qing Dynasty to regain their light, conspirators who followed the rebellion of San Francisco, officials who failed to act as officials, neglected their duties or fell out of favor with officialdom, and literati who were convicted of major court cases and literary prisons. The sinner exiled to the DPRK is one of the five punishments in the Qing Dynasty's Qing Law, such as slap, stick, act, exile and execution. "Exile" is as short as 2,000 Li and as long as 4,000 Li.
Outside the customs, Loew's birthplace has always been the wind of "advocating martial arts and emphasizing literature". After the emperor shunzhi laid the city of Beijing in the Qing Dynasty, Manchu entered the customs with their families and families, and the northeast immediately implemented the policy of banning them. There are as many as 2 1 checkpoint in Shanhaiguan, and the Han people in Shanhaiguan are forbidden to pay across the border by hell and are severely punished. In this way, the people in Northeast China have been in a primitive state of ignorance, both habitually and objectively. In addition, the Qing dynasty did not encourage Manchu people to pursue knowledge in policy, which aggravated the cultural and educational desert situation in Northeast China.
Customized by the Qing government: the three northeastern provinces are mainly full of people riding and shooting, and they are from official positions, not relying on imperial ladders. In addition, "the general was recruited from the first-class soldiers, burly in physique, skilled in bow and horse, supplemented by the small seven factions, and sent to the capital to discuss ... and there were people recommended by the small seven factions to pay the commander." Even if this is not the case, there are regulations: all men with full flags aged 65,438+07 to 35 are reserve soldiers of the Eight Banners Army. Being a standard bearer not only leads a carefree life, but also enjoys a shortcut to being an official. Based on this situation, the children of the standard-bearer have a weak thirst for knowledge.
The land in Northeast China is desolate, remote, uncut and sparsely populated. From Shenyang to Qiqihar and Aihui in Heilongjiang, it is divided into migration areas. Shengjing, Ningguta and Botuna in Heilongjiang. These famous exile places at that time were disheartened when people heard them, and they felt as if they were facing an enemy and death was imminent. After a long journey, starvation, humiliation and hardship, the refugees who survived were generally assigned to the flag men stationed in the frontier as slaves and suffered humiliation and discrimination; Some of them worked hard at the post office to make up for their mistakes.
In fact, if you are really guilty, you will be killed and chopped, and exile may not necessarily kill you. It's just that many of these hooligans are literati who have been wronged because of the "literary inquisition".
When it comes to literati, people often think of a thin man with a long beard, hunched over his desk for a long time, rolled up his sleeves, walked with his feet in eight steps, and even whispered and shook his head when something happened. When the wind is strong, it often makes them unstable. If the wind comes from the supreme emperor, powerful princes and ministers, uncompromising governors, governors and rulers of Taiwan Province, gentry, local tyrants and unruly hooligans from the rich Jia side, the thin "sour" literati will only suffer. We often say that weak scholars and ancient literati are "powerless" and their fate is often changed under the control of others.
If you want to change your destiny, of course you are gratified. It will be very painful if you don't.
The literary inquisition has changed the unintentional fate of many literati. Looking back at history, Fang and Fang lived in exile for more than ten years. "It's hard to forget your body without fur and silk in winter, or to raise a fire when reading the sun." Father and son live in a low, narrow, airy hut. "They read Confucian classics and chant constantly." In adversity, I still can't give up my literati feelings. When Fang and his son came to Bukui, they brought a lot of books and wrote six volumes of Yi Shuo Unfinished Book and several volumes of Five Classics and One Gain. Lv Liuliang's descendants are a large family with 12 households, and more than 1 10 people are exiled in Heilongjiang. Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies, said in his book "Use Books": "At the beginning, people outside the original territory were all Alakazam, and there were no literati ... Qiqihar people knew books and used them to benefit their descendants." Lu's contribution to Lao Bukui's education was highly praised. In fact, this is also a praise for all the celebrities in the Central Plains and literary giants in the south of the Yangtze River to play this role in defending Heilongjiang.
Qiqihar, more than 300 years ago, was a city built because of war. At that time, the northeast land was desolate, remote, uncultivated and sparsely populated. In people's minds, her beauty is accompanied by primitiveness, loneliness and coldness, and people often describe it as wildness.
However, since some celebrities from the south of the Yangtze River and writers from the Central Plains came to this fertile land with heavy book boxes under the background of "exile", she blossomed in the original desolate silence after the literati dressed her up with the fragrance of books and ink and the wisdom of knowledge.
These talented people from the south of China, where flowers are fragrant all the year round, went to "smoke-free in the afternoon and endless wasteland". "When we came to Baicao Huangsha, it was a snowy day with severe frost." In the wasteland, the most common thing is to teach private schools to train children for a living. In A Wall with Several Feet of Sand, the smoke scene is also gray. Survival in the cold mountain and snow valley in Saibei. They hone their body and mind with the spirit of "breaking the wild and embracing the macro, but relying on Zhiqiang". They are like bitter flowers blooming in the cold northern Xinjiang, decorating Bu Kui with spring. Under the education of exiled literati, the children of Qiqihar who are literate and martial began to have a moving scene of "riding a horse and reciting poems".
Cui Kunhua, a township official, spent a lot of money to buy such ancient books as Er Ya, Guan Zi, Guang Wu Bo Zhi, Shi Ming, Linz Allusions, A Compendium of a Mirror, etc. , and is known as the "giant" because it costs 100 more than two taels of silver every year to hire a family teacher. From this, we can get a glimpse of people of insight in Qiqihar, respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching. Guo Dexing, a fourth-class naval officer, is a court official, but he is a German corporal in knowledge. When he hears someone who speaks the Four Books and Five Classics well, he will pay homage and let the younger generation follow him all day and study tirelessly. Cui Xing 'a, deputy commander of the Eight Banners of the Han Army, attaches great importance to learning from Han Shu, writes Chinese poems and respects virtuous people.
First, in 1744, Fu Yu, then the general of Heilongjiang, invited the court and was approved to set up Manchu official school; Then, 1796, 52 years after the establishment of Manchu official school, Heilongjiang general Yong Kun established Han official school. Then 1806, Wenchang Pavilion was built near Bukui Station, and wenchang star was sacrificed every year on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. 185 1 year, another "Confucius Temple" was established in the southeast corner of the city, and the general personally led the civil and military officials to sacrifice every year. Every festival dedicated to culture, almost all private school teachers in the city walk out of the low and humble thatched cottage, and everyone splashes ink and sings together, which is meaningful and natural and unrestrained. It can be seen that Qiqihar people gradually attach importance to culture and education, and the status of educated migrants is also rising step by step.
The flower of civilization is watered by Daur, Manchu, Mongolian, and "indigenous" brothers and sisters such as Oroqen, Ewenki and Han, and is carefully cultivated with people's sweat and tears. In this barren land, not only flowers are in full bloom, but also branches and leaves are full of vitality. The fire of civilization lit by the tramp with physical and mental humiliation lit up the ignorant and chaotic sky of old Bukui.
During the 300 years of the Qing Dynasty, Qiqihar accepted thousands of immigrants and all kinds of skills and skills they brought. Exiles barely survive in desolate land and miserable environment, but they have also made outstanding contributions to economic construction, cultural education and artistic development in border areas. We can almost say that without these refugees, there would be no 300-year cultural history of Qiqihar.