Strengthening the project cost and improving the profit level of enterprises _ The failure of the preliminary work of Besson Heart _ Building Construction _ Building Chinese Network project has greatly affected the profit level of construction enterprises. The bidding quotation and pricing method of the project are the early factors that affect the formation of the final profit. Taking measures from the perspective of project cost may be a good way to deal with the phenomenon of high income and low profit. The failure of the preliminary work of the project has greatly affected the profit level of the construction enterprise. The bidding quotation and pricing method of the project are the early factors that affect the formation of the final profit. Taking measures from the perspective of project cost may be a good way to deal with the phenomenon of high income and low profit. As one of the pillar industries of China's national economy, mainstream construction enterprises are increasingly facing the embarrassing situation of high output and low profit. The formation of this situation is not only influenced by the external environment, but also caused by many internal problems of construction enterprises. This really requires us to summarize the previous projects, analyze and think from all angles, and find out the crux, so as to effectively improve the economic benefits of construction enterprises. This paper discusses the understanding of the phenomenon of high income and low profit from the perspective of project cost. After investigation, the author found that three years ago, a large state-owned enterprise was excited because it contracted a project with a contract price of several hundred million yuan. Because it completed the task of the output value index of that year, the situation that there was no project to do was over, and the personnel and idle machinery could move, which of course became a good thing. However, in the second year of project implementation, the problems reflected in the project cost are highlighted one by one. First of all, due to the hasty bidding time at that time, the quantities and items of the bill of quantities provided by the owner were not carefully checked. Therefore, there are omissions and negative quantity differences in the bill of quantities when bidding, and the total price of the project agreed in the contract is all the quantities and projects within the scope of the engineering drawings when bidding. Except for major design changes beyond the scope of engineering drawings during construction, no adjustment will be made, so the losses caused by underestimation of engineering quantities and omissions will not be compensated. Secondly, because the project is located in other provinces and cities, we didn't know much about the local quota when bidding at that time, and we didn't fully investigate the local labor, materials and machinery market, which led to the omission of the list price. The market price of some main materials is low, and some materials rise in the second year, which leads to a big difference between the actual construction price and the comprehensive unit price at the time of bidding. For example, every 1m3 of commercial concrete on site is higher than the bid price 100 yuan. This large-scale project has tens of thousands of square meters of concrete and thousands of tons of steel bars. The cost higher than the bid price is really terrible. As a result, the daily efforts of laborers have not created benefits for enterprises and individuals, but how much they have lost. High output value is in sharp contrast with low profit or even negative profit. Enterprises don't pay the bill, pay less and pay more. How to get out of the cycle of high income and low profit has aroused our deep thinking. In order to reduce losses as much as possible, construction enterprises can only reduce consumption as much as possible under the condition of high output and low profit. Skilled workers with high technical level will naturally have higher labor costs; The price difference between inferior materials and qualified materials with excellent performance is very large; The use cost of construction machinery with good mechanical performance and high efficiency is much higher than that of old machinery with poor performance. In this way, the cost of reducing consumption may be to use unskilled labor, choose inferior building materials and use old construction machinery with poor performance. The quality, safety and progress of the project are closely related to the service level of the service team we choose, the quality of equipment and materials, the safety and efficiency of construction machinery. If the cost is not clearly reduced by sacrificing the quality and safety of the project, it will bring a far-reaching vicious circle to the enterprise. In addition, the situation of high output and low profit will inevitably lead to the psychological imbalance of construction enterprise personnel, and it is difficult to mobilize their sense of responsibility and enthusiasm, resulting in a negative work attitude. At the same time, it also hinders the introduction of talents and the development and application of new technologies, and its influence can be seen. The blindness of contracting construction projects has laid a hidden danger for high yield and low profit. Based on the above analysis, how to predict and control the construction enterprises in the project bidding stage in advance from the perspective of internal cost management, so as not to lay the groundwork for the loss of project implementation and effectively improve the profitability of construction enterprises, is an important topic for our vast number of cost managers. Investigate the reasons first, then improve and perfect the internal cost management, reduce unnecessary mistakes in the work, and the benefits of the project have great potential to be tapped. Due to the oversupply of China's construction market, a buyer's market has been formed, and the fierce competition in the external market environment has made many construction enterprises face the situation of cooking without rice. Therefore, in order to contract the project, some construction enterprises advance funds and some bid below the cost price. These blind vicious competitions are one of the reasons why construction enterprises are struggling on the edge of loss. The profitability of an enterprise depends not only on efficient enterprise management and cost control, but also on reasonable project price. In the above projects, the price is below the cost line, which is beyond the affordability of the enterprise. No matter how well the construction management is, the loss is irreparable. In addition, some mechanisms of construction enterprises will also cause blindness in undertaking construction tasks. Every year, the superior gives the leaders of grass-roots construction units output value task indicators, and the annual assessment results are directly linked to the reward system. Therefore, it is common for some leaders of grass-roots units to vote after winning the bid, and then talk about the project first. How to make a profit seems to rank second, and the risk awareness is weak. If we undertake engineering projects from this angle, the anticlimactic projects will remain high and the yield will be high. The new pricing model puts forward higher requirements for project cost personnel. In the previous cost system, engineering cost personnel only need to do repetitive work such as calculating engineering quantity, setting up projects, collecting fees and summarizing. At the bidding stage, the quotation of each bidder was only a project price at that time. For example, after winning the bid, the settlement is generally based on the actual settlement, that is, according to the as-built drawings, the quantities can be manually adjusted and the materials can be found, so there is no risk of quantity and price for the construction unit. Therefore, it is not uncommon to win the bid at a low price and settle at a high price. After the implementation of the bill of quantities valuation and the introduction of the corresponding bid evaluation principles, the change of this valuation mode means the change of the responsibilities of the project cost personnel, and the concept and working mode that have lasted for many years will also change. In order to minimize the risk of high income and low profit faced by construction enterprises, I think that in the important link of determining the bidding price of projects participating in market competition, cost personnel should grasp the work focus from the following aspects. Doubts and omissions in the bill of quantities cannot be ignored. As an integral part of the tender documents, the bill of quantities is the embodiment of the quantification of engineering drawings, which should accurately and comprehensively reflect all the contents of engineering drawings. This is also the premise of accurately calculating the project cost. In addition, the bill of quantities attached to the tender documents is not only binding on the tenderee and bidder at the tender stage, but also the basis for the settlement of the project completion. Therefore, the bill of quantities is an important cost document throughout the whole project. If the construction contract adopts a fixed lump sum contract, the contract price is the total price within the scope of project contracting, and it is particularly important to check and fill the gaps in the bill of quantities. Therefore, the construction enterprises participating in the bidding must organize an experienced cost team to review the bill of quantities provided by the tenderer within a limited time. If there are omissions and errors in the bill of quantities after verification, it should be summarized item by item and submitted to the tenderer within the specified time for answering questions, so that the tenderer can modify the bill of quantities, strive for completeness and rigor of the bill of quantities, and reduce the "quantity" and "item" risks of the construction unit's quotation. However, at present, due to the shortage of time in the bidding stage, the cost personnel of the construction unit pay insufficient attention to the audit of the bill of quantities, or even omit this link. Indeed, the calculation of engineering quantity is professional and there are many projects, so it is not easy to complete it accurately and with high quality in a short time. I think the cost personnel of construction enterprises can adopt the following methods: First, use fast computer calculation software to check the bill of quantities efficiently with less time and personnel to meet the urgent time requirements in the bidding stage. It can also reduce the leakage caused by manual calculation. At the same time, all majors should cooperate closely and communicate with each other. Avoid the omission of professional cross-projects caused by lack of communication between majors. Second, establish a bidding project information base, accumulate the bidding cost data and indicators of many projects in the past, and prepare for the accounting of some major project cost indicators according to their structural types, areas, floors, etc. , in order to focus on checking the bill of quantities of key projects, and find out the missing items in the list on the premise of reading all engineering documents in detail. If there are big omissions in the bill of quantities at this stage, the losses caused to the construction enterprises will be irreparable. Attach importance to the formulation of competitive expenses and reflect the competitiveness of enterprises. One of the cost components of the project is the cost of measures, including technical measures and other measures, and the bill of quantities is listed in units of items. Construction enterprises should be responsible for the accuracy of the reported measures and expenses, and use them in a lump sum manner. Even if the actual construction exceeds the engineering cost of the above measures, the tenderer will not compensate. It can be seen that it is a competitive fee. Because each project has great individual differences, such as: foundation treatment, drainage and precipitation, whether the project construction period is winter or rainy season, construction site conditions and so on. Therefore, in the project bidding stage, the construction organization personnel should be organized to analyze the project documents, formulate an economical, reasonable, advanced and feasible construction plan, and implement technical organization measures. For some key and difficult sub-projects of the project, multiple construction schemes can be formulated at the same time, such as whether to adopt large excavation, soil nailing or anchor bolt support, well point or deep well dewatering, etc. Different construction schemes have different costs, and new technologies and processes can be applied at the same time. Through the comparison of various schemes, the trade-offs are analyzed from the technical and economic perspectives, and economic benefits are obtained by technological advantages. However, the quotation of project cost often varies greatly among bidders. Cost personnel can accurately grasp the differences of quotations of various schemes through the cost of each scheme, so that the quotation materials are economical and reasonable, and provide reference data for the final quotation decision. It is imperative to promote the establishment and improvement of enterprise quota. Since 200 1 implemented bill of quantities pricing,
It is urgent to enhance risk awareness. The construction industry is a high-risk industry, especially the implementation of bill of quantities valuation. Some provinces and cities adopt reasonable low-price bidding, while others adopt open bidding, which reduces the project cost by at least 10% or even more. This invisibly reduces the profit level. However, the cost of labor, materials and machinery may increase due to the span of the construction period. Therefore, it is necessary for construction enterprises to establish a sense of risk prevention in the quotation. The comprehensive unit price based on bill of quantities includes not only personnel expenses, but also management fee profits and risk expenses. It can be seen that the risk cost needs to be considered and included in the comprehensive unit price. But at present, in most cases, the construction unit analyzes the cost of labor, materials and machinery by setting a fixed consumption item when bidding, in which the material cost is calculated according to the price of material information published by the competent construction department every month, and the management fee profit is also included, so the risk cost is simply too busy to take into account. There are reasons for not considering it, that is, considering the risk cost will increase the project cost, thus reducing the competitiveness of the quotation. This paper holds that the risk cost must be carefully analyzed. Material cost occupies a high weight in the project cost, and its increase degree is also the most sensitive to the impact of the project cost. Therefore, cost management personnel should do a good job of collecting prices in daily life, establish a database of some main materials in engineering construction, and draw a price curve according to their monthly price changes, and make a summary analysis at designated stages, including the price changes in off-season and peak season, the price increase in natural years and the impact of the international market situation on the prices of some materials. Through the accumulation of daily price data, combined with the situation of specific projects (such as the length of construction period, the construction season of the main body of the project, etc.). ), judge the price risk factors that should be considered in the bidding project. For bidding projects in other provinces and cities, various risk factors can not be ignored, and it is impossible to build a car behind closed doors in accordance with previous bidding practices. It is necessary to do more investigation and preparation, master the information of another foreign market, and avoid quoting extremely low prices without knowing the market and rules. When the risk is converted into loss, it may eventually offset the increased profit or even reduce the original profit, causing losses to construction enterprises. In addition, in the case of tight time and heavy tasks in the bidding stage, it is also necessary to ensure the accuracy of the calculation data and avoid manual errors, so as not to cause unnecessary losses to the enterprise. Another point, for example, when signing a fixed contract with Party A, it is necessary to stipulate the risk scope of both parties. For example, when the price of materials rises or falls, it can be settled; When the engineering quantity of design change reaches to what extent, the engineering quantity can be calculated and how to determine the price. When lump sum contract has not made these specific agreements, there is no basis for supplementary materials. Therefore, strengthening the management of construction contract terms can effectively reduce project risks. In a word, the prediction of quotation risk needs the accumulation of daily work, good foresight and sensitivity to the market. Construction enterprises should actively seek measures to prevent risks in order to enhance their ability to resist risks. At present, China's construction enterprises are facing fierce market competition, changing external environment and meager profit level of construction projects. If we continue the traditional management mode, do not study the market, strengthen internal management and improve management level, enterprises will move from "meager profit" to "unprofitable" until they are eliminated by the market. The universality of high income and low profit has attracted our attention, and our construction enterprises will also change it. Opportunities always patronize those who are prepared, and so do our construction enterprises.
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