First, the challenges faced by construction enterprises in the new era
In today's world, high-tech is changing with each passing day, economic crises are breaking out one after another, and globalization, informationization and knowledge are developing rapidly. Standing at the intersection of history and reality, calmly and objectively analyzing this situation, I think that construction enterprises will face three major challenges in the new period:
1. The challenge of economic globalization.
Challenges of domestic and international construction market. Economic globalization is one of the important characteristics of the contemporary world economy, and it is also the inevitable trend of the development of knowledge economy. Economic globalization makes the market competition among domestic construction enterprises more intense, because foreign engineering contracting, design and consulting enterprises will enter the China construction market by virtue of their advantages in management, capital, technology and service, and seize the market share, and the original market space of China construction enterprises will be suppressed; In the field of international project contracting, the market competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and there are more and more high-added, high-tech and comprehensive projects, and international projects are getting bigger and bigger, with high investment and strong owners. As a result, the traditional project contracting has been gradually replaced by comprehensive cooperation methods such as general contracting, project financing, international credit, equipment trade and technology transfer, and new materials, new processes and information technology have been widely used. In contrast, the global market strategy of China construction enterprises is far from meeting the needs of international market competition.
The change of development mode of construction industry and the challenge of enterprise transformation and upgrading. Since the reform and opening up, China's construction industry has developed rapidly, which has played a positive role in improving urban and rural appearance and people's living environment, increasing employment opportunities and building a harmonious society. The average growth rate of the total output value of the construction industry is 22.5%, reaching 9.5 trillion yuan in 20 10. But on the whole, there are still problems in the construction industry, such as overcapacity, extensive management, single business model, narrow business scope, low risk prevention ability and poor financing ability. Especially in recent years, there has been a serious situation of "three lows and one high" (that is, low profit rate of output value, low capital recovery rate and high transaction cost of projects), which not only affects its industrial status, but also restricts its own development.
2. Challenges in the era of knowledge economy.
Challenges faced by informatization of construction enterprises. Facing the characteristics and new trends of the development of knowledge economy, enterprises first face the challenge of informatization. In the engineering construction in developed countries, the management work at all stages is carried out through the Internet or electronic media, which must conform to the relevant format standards, that is, it must be done in accordance with the procedures of informatization, and its informatization development level has been quite perfect. Although in recent years, the application of computers in China's construction field is also relatively common and developing rapidly, compared with developed countries, the information management level of enterprises is still in the "primary stage".
The challenge of building industrialization. Building industrialization is the product of the development of social productive forces. As a traditional industry, the construction industry has low market access threshold and low quality of employees, especially the long-term lag of building standard system and many manual operations, which seriously hinders the sustainable development of the construction industry. It is urgent to gradually realize the industrialization of construction and promote the adjustment of enterprise structure and industrial upgrading in the process of changing the development mode.
The challenge of enterprise management modernization. In the era of knowledge economy, enterprise management emphasizes the management of knowledge and talents in order to acquire, accumulate, enjoy and use knowledge to the maximum extent. In the process of solving new problems, we can innovate some management according to the characteristics of engineering projects, so as to give full play to the maximum benefit of knowledge, complete various tasks with high efficiency, high quality and low consumption, effectively use management systems and modern methods to enrich management knowledge resources, revitalize the stock of enterprise knowledge assets, and realize the preservation and appreciation of knowledge assets.
3. The new mission of the 12th Five-Year Development Plan of construction enterprises.
The steady progress of urbanization. According to the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the main goal of urbanization is to increase the urbanization rate by 4 percentage points and further enhance the coordination of urban and rural regional development. This means that by 20 15, China's urbanization rate will increase from the current 47.5% to 510.5%, and the urban population will surpass the rural population for the first time. The steady progress of urbanization construction means the overall upgrading of rural pattern and urban construction. This requires construction enterprises to combine the characteristics and difficulties of urbanization construction, optimize the organization and management of engineering projects, improve the construction of various systems, change the market operation mode, and complete the construction tasks with good quality and quantity.
Large-scale construction of affordable housing. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, 36 million sets of urban affordable housing projects will be built, and the coverage rate of urban affordable housing in China will increase from 7% to 8% at the end of 20 10 to over 20%. Affordable housing is the limited supply object, construction standard, sales price or rent standard provided by the government in the process of implementing classified security for low-and middle-income families in order to improve people's livelihood and promote social harmony. With the nature of social security, the profit rate is strictly controlled. In such a big environment, the requirements for construction enterprises in project management are more intensive, including manpower, material resources and financial resources.
Deepen the implementation of the "going out" strategy. To implement the "going out" strategy, construction enterprises must have unique core competitiveness, strengthen in-depth cooperation with overseas enterprises, learn from foreign advanced theories and mature project management models, especially establish risk awareness, improve risk prevention mechanism, improve the level of information application, and enhance the comprehensive management ability and competitiveness of enterprises in international project contracting.
Two, focus on strengthening process management, enhance and enhance the ability of engineering risk prevention.
To sum up, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, for China's construction industry, difficulties and opportunities coexist, and challenges and development coexist. The key to the survival and development of construction enterprises is to turn challenges into opportunities, which requires construction enterprises to stand at a new starting point, seriously consider and examine the future, take effective measures, face challenges, solve problems and innovate and develop with the spirit of striving for strength and pursuing Excellence.
1. Pay attention to early decision-making and formulate risk prevention measures.
Fully identify risks. Risk identification is the premise of risk assessment. Construction enterprises should do a good job in the preliminary investigation of engineering projects, pay attention to the extensive collection and collation of information, and comprehensively analyze and identify the risks of the projects to be bid on the basis of accurate information. Collect project information to understand the political, economic and natural environment, project scale, contract conditions and technical requirements of the project; Collect the information of owners and competitors to understand the credit status; Rigidity of bidding specification and payment of project funds. Analyze the uncertainty of the project according to the information, list the risks and identify the project risks comprehensively.
Assess risks systematically. The result of risk identification is to find out the risk factors in the project. For all identified risk factors, scientific risk analysis techniques and methods should be adopted to deal with their uncertainties in a qualitative, quantitative or a combination of the two ways, and to measure the possibility of risk occurrence and the corresponding risk losses. Risk analysis and evaluation is the basis of scientific decision-making, and the main risk factors and countermeasures of various risk factors should be determined according to the results of analysis and evaluation.
Make scientific decisions. Scientific decision-making is the mother of success, and the losses caused by decision-making mistakes are often irreparable. Decision-making is not an instant decision-making, but a process of making correct decisions on the basis of long-term experience accumulation and a large amount of information collection and analysis, combined with the construction enterprise's own situation. Decision-making is not immutable, its formulation will trigger a series of implementation actions, and the implementation results of follow-up actions will in turn re-evaluate and adjust the scientific nature of decision-making.
Formulate preventive measures. Engineering risk avoidance focuses on formulating preventive measures. First, pay close attention to the changes of external factors, pay attention to the trends of domestic and foreign policies, guard against political, economic and force majeure risk factors, adjust strategies in time, and control risks; Second, strengthen internal control, pay attention to the improvement of "self-comprehensive quality" and fundamentally enhance the ability to prevent and resist risks; Third, establish a perfect risk emergency warning system to prevent unpredictable and uncontrollable risk factors, so as to make a quick response when risks occur and minimize risk losses.
2. Strengthen contract management and improve performance.
Improve the contract performance process management system. The management of contract performance process generally consists of contract investigation, planning, negotiation, drafting of contract text, examination, signing, performance, modification or transfer, termination and filing. Clarify the responsible subject of each link of process management. To supervise the whole process of the contract, it is necessary to designate a special person to be responsible in the preparation stage, signing stage, performance stage and post-performance management stage of the contract, and conduct a comprehensive evaluation to ensure that the signing subject is legal, comprehensive, true and reliable, the terms are clear and accurate, and the signing procedures and forms are complete, thus effectively preventing contract risks and realizing the institutionalization, standardization and standardization of contract process management.
Improve the contract text system. The risk of contract text is a relatively easy risk in contract management, which is mainly manifested in the unreasonable, incomplete and imprecise terms of the contract and the illegal acts in the contract content. The main way to control this risk is to strictly implement the evaluation system. Therefore, according to the national standardized contract model text, the contract standard text system of this unit should be established by comprehensively considering different elements such as contract type and management mode. And pay close attention to the development and changes of relevant international contract texts, broaden our thinking, keep pace with the times, supplement and improve the contract texts in time, and strive to closely integrate with the actual production, so that contract management can be organically combined with bidding, cost verification and settlement management.
3. Optimize resource allocation and improve comprehensive management ability.
Human resource management and the construction of talent cultivation and growth mechanism. The focus of human resource management should start with high-end management talents and improve the overall quality of all employees. It is necessary to build a stage for elite talents to display their talents, give them enough motivation and space, satisfy their sense of pride and accomplishment, and realize their self-worth in enterprise management. It is also necessary to design a talent pool system that conforms to the characteristics of enterprises, establish and improve the training, assessment and evaluation mechanism of management professionals, improve their professional knowledge, sense of responsibility and risk prevention ability, and innovate the incentive mechanism at the same time, so that employees can fundamentally feel consistent with the interests of enterprises and enhance the cohesion of enterprises.
Strengthen the management of material procurement and use process. Strengthen the management of the whole procurement process, including signing the procurement contract, on-site picking, machine management, etc. First of all, strictly implement the responsibility system, comprehensively monitor the use of materials and reduce the risk of material management by establishing an information management platform; Secondly, cost control should run through the whole process of material and machinery management, and the cost should be strictly predicted in the stage of purchasing and signing contracts, and the innovation of materials and processes should be adhered to in the field management to reduce the consumption of materials and tools, thus improving profitability.
Rational use of funds, adhere to controllable cost accounting. Establish a sense of rational use of funds, improve the financial management system, maintain a reasonable cash reserve, and ensure that normal and unexpected expenditures of enterprises will not affect the operation of enterprises. By formulating scientific target profit management indicators and implementing strict cost accounting and monitoring system, the risk tolerance of enterprises can be determined from their own strength and project investment profit and loss prediction, thus enhancing the risk prediction ability. When carrying out international projects, we should also accurately grasp the international economic, financial and political situation and its changing trend, and avoid currency risks or exchange rate risks.
The above is the content of "Risk Prevention and Informatization Construction of Construction Enterprises" compiled by Zhong Da Consulting. For more information on engineering risk prevention and informatization construction of construction enterprises, you can pay attention to the official account of Zhong Da Consulting, Jianshetong or Zhong Da Consulting WeChat in real time.
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