What are the main targets of psychological counseling?
The objects of psychological counseling mainly refer to people with mental healt
What are the main targets of psychological counseling?
The objects of psychological counseling mainly refer to people with mental health and people with poor mental health but no mental disorder.
Adolescence adaptation
The characteristics of this period are: the body develops rapidly, the shape and structure of the body tend to be adult, but the psychology is not yet mature. They want to stand on their own feet, ask for independent thinking, like to judge and criticize, and their interest in the opposite sex has increased, but their standards and values for evaluating right and wrong and stabilizing their personality have not yet been formed. Therefore, in the real environment, there are often deviations in dealing with problems. When encountering difficulties,
Easily frustrated, disheartened, depressed, unable to see the light and hope in difficulties. This psychological obstacle caused by the imbalance of physical and mental development is a normal psychological phenomenon. With the passage of time, through gradual self-balance and adjustment, the problem will be gradually solved.
If we don't have a correct cognitive evaluation of these problems and don't properly solve the problems of unbalanced physical and mental development and poor social adaptability, it will easily lead to various psychological abnormalities. Puberty often has problems in self-awareness, the relationship between sexual psychology and family, social communication and so on.
Marriage and family
Young people's love and adult's marriage and family problems are more common. This problem has a high probability of causing psychological disorder, and its nature is complex, which is related to biological, psychological and social factors, so the treatment process is relatively complicated. For example, a middle school teacher is decent, has a successful career and is very enthusiastic about colleagues and students. So others are willing to ask him for help when they are in trouble.
In contrast, his wife is less educated and rude. According to my introduction, it was arranged by my parents. Recently, he and a female colleague were doing experiments in the laboratory, and they cooperated very well.
Setbacks in life and career.
Everyone has many beautiful dreams, expectations and hopes for the future. In order to realize them, they will make various efforts. When they have to stop working, they will encounter setbacks. If a setback lasts for a long time and affects a wide range, it is called being in adversity.
It can be seen that adversity is a kind of work, life and psychological dilemma caused by the persistence of setbacks and failures. Therefore, to overcome adversity, we must first overcome setbacks and improve our psychological endurance.
(1) The conditions that a suitable consultant should meet include extended reading.
Relationship between Psychological Counseling and Psychotherapy
Regarding the relationship between psychological counseling and psychotherapy, Chen Zhonggeng thinks that there is no essential difference between them, but they are similar in the nature of the relationship, in the process of change and learning, and in the theory of guidance. If there is any difference, it is artificial and not essential [1].
First, the tasks of work are different. The task of psychological counseling mainly lies in promoting growth, emphasizing the development mode, helping visitors to exert their greatest potential, clearing the roadblocks of normal development, and focusing on prevention. Psychotherapy is mostly to make up for the injuries that patients have formed in the past, and to solve and change the structural obstacles to development.
Second, objects and scenes are different. Psychological counseling follows the educational model, and most of the visitors are normal objects, mainly involving daily life problems, and generally work in schools, units, psychological counseling institutions and other scenes. The object of psychotherapy is patients with abnormal psychology, which plays a role in both clinical and medical situations.
Third, the working methods are different. Psychological consultation should involve visitors' living environment in more ways, such as participating in their direct environment, getting in touch with their families and relatives, making more use of daily living facilities (such as telephone consultation), designing and organizing classes and various group activities. The form of psychotherapy is more in pairs.
Fourth, the nature and content of solving problems are different. Psychological counseling is realistic-oriented, involving consciousness issues, such as career choice, training and education, life and work guidance, study counseling and so on. Therefore, cognitive and logical methods are often used. Psychotherapy involves internal personality problems, and more is to deal with the unconscious.
Second, the conditions that the elderly psychological counseling object should have
For a psychological counselor, there are only cases in his eyes, and there is no age difference.
What qualities do you need to do business management consulting?
With the continuous development of the market, more and more enterprises have discovered the importance of positioning consulting and started to seek cooperation and help from positioning consulting companies. The biggest task of positioning consulting company is to help enterprises establish their own strategic positioning. Many enterprise decision makers have some misunderstandings about strategic positioning, for example, some regard the development goals and business indicators of enterprises as strategic directions, and some confuse marketing positioning with strategic positioning. This has contributed to the situation that enterprise decision makers choose positioning consulting companies to make strategic positioning for enterprises. There are many positioning consulting companies in the market now, and their strength and experience need to be investigated. Choosing a positioning consulting company also needs some discussion. So, what capabilities should an excellent positioning consulting company have?
First of all, an excellent positioning consulting company should have a solid theoretical knowledge base and rich practical experience. Practice is the only criterion for testing truth. Only theoretical knowledge, but not put into practice, positioning consulting companies can easily fall into an armchair strategist. Rich practical experience can improve the execution efficiency of enterprise strategic positioning and avoid some risks in the market in time.
Secondly, an excellent positioning consulting company should be good at letting the strategic positioning plan land. Strategic positioning is to make the products, images and brands of enterprises occupy a favorable position in the minds of prospective consumers, which is a choice conducive to the development of enterprises. Therefore, strategic positioning is not only a theory, but also a necessity. Landing, we can clearly perceive the success of the strategic positioning plan from the aspects of brand awareness improvement and sales growth.
In addition, an excellent positioning consulting company also has a particularly important point of attention, that is, it must deeply understand the particularity of China enterprises, the particularity of China market and a series of policies at that time. All plans that are not based on reality are empty dreams. Excellent positioning consulting companies can only provide deep-seated and valuable positioning consulting services for enterprises on the basis of conforming to the current actual situation and according to the particularity of China enterprises and China market, providing strategic positioning solutions and guiding the implementation of strategic positioning solutions, with special emphasis on the landing of strategic positioning.
Of course, an excellent positioning consulting company should also have some other characteristics, such as satisfactory service and serious work attitude. This article only mentions some contents that an excellent positioning consulting company should have. For consulting companies with different positioning, the focus is generally different. Therefore, enterprises should also do the corresponding research work when choosing positioning consulting companies to cooperate.
A four-level psychological counselor should meet the following conditions
No matter what occupation you are engaged in, you need to have certain conditions, which is particularly important for psychological counselors, because psychological counseling is a special supporting industry, which requires more consultants. Generally speaking, in addition to the most basic professional knowledge, professional qualifications, etc. , psychological counselors should also meet the following conditions:
(1) personality
The core of character is the value system. The key to the values system is the values of life. The character that a psychological counselor should have is to be a person who respects and loves life, and to be a person who is beneficial to society and others.
(B) the ability and awareness of self-repair
"If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first." Psychological counseling is a special job, and the only tool that a counselor can use is himself, so the self-growth and perfection of a counselor is very important.
1, psychological counselors will also encounter various life problems, resulting in psychological contradictions and conflicts. The difference is that psychological counselors are willing and able to clearly understand their own problems, and strive to solve their own psychological contradictions and conflicts through personal cultivation or professional self-experience, so as to maintain a relative psychological balance in the consultation process and not interfere with the consultation work because of personal problems.
2. In the process of counseling, psychological counselors may have empathy for those who seek help, such as liking some people and hating some people. At this time, the psychological counselor should realize in time that he should adjust his state and not affect the counseling work because of his own problems.
3. People who are often in a state of psychological conflict and can't balance themselves are not qualified for psychological counseling. In a sense, the counselor is the outlet or trash can for patients' emotional and psychological problems, and the capacity of the trash can is limited. Therefore, psychological counselors need to be able to deal with these negative thoughts and emotions and repair themselves regularly.
(3) Be good at accommodating others
Many times, people who come to consult are not allowed by society. If they are ordinary people, they may take a critical attitude directly. However, as consultants, we must adhere to the principle of understanding. Even if the values of visitors are quite different from ours, we should try our best to create a safe and free consulting atmosphere for them.
(D) Have a strong sense of responsibility
It takes a lot of courage for visitors to choose to show their darkest side to psychological counselors. Therefore, psychological counselors must be responsible for visitors, and their symptoms should not be aggravated by their improper words and deeds. If you can't help people who ask for help because of your limited ability, you should refer them in time.
(5) Self-knowledge
The deeper meaning of self-knowledge is to be able to evaluate the value of self-existence, which is often associated with self-achievement.
As a new industry in China, psychological counseling will be more conducive to its own development and more in line with our culture if it can integrate social development with personal accomplishment.
What is suitable for being a psychological counselor and what are the sufficient conditions?
A psychological counselor is a person who helps a helper to resolve his inner feelings. The most common and main object of psychological counseling is healthy people or people with psychological problems or visitors with abnormal personality, so as to alleviate psychological confusion and pain. Therefore, they should be mentally healthy and have a good personality.
The higher the psychological health level of psychological counselors, the better their personality, and the greater the help they can provide in the relationship between counseling and visiting. On the other hand, if the counselor is psychologically unhealthy and has personality traits that are not conducive to the development of psychological counseling, his twisted mind and eccentric personality may cause the failure of psychological counseling and even induce some psychological diseases of the visitors.
(1) Psychological Counselor Qualification Certificate
According to the unified requirements of national vocational qualification counselor training and appraisal, those who have been or will be engaged in the career of psychological counselors should receive special vocational training and obtain the "People's Republic of China (PRC) Psychological Counselor Professional Qualification Certificate" issued by the whole country before they can engage in corresponding psychological counseling activities. In China, the Ministry of Labor officially launched the National Professional Standard for Psychological Counselors (Trial) in April 20001year. In July, 2002, the national professional qualification project for psychological counselors was officially launched, and the national unified appraisal examination was held twice a year, in May and June respectively, 1 1.
The new standard psychological counselors' professional grades are: psychological counselor level 3 and psychological counselor level 2.
20 16 version of the latest psychological counselor registration standard conditions:
(a) meet one of the following conditions, you can apply for the three-level psychological counselor exam:
1, with college degree or above in this major or related major;
2. Obtain a college diploma or above in a non-major or related major, and obtain a training certificate after the three-level formal training of psychological counselors reaches the required standard hours;
3. After obtaining the graduation certificate of this major or related major in secondary vocational school, he has been engaged in this major for more than 10 years;
4. Students with college education or above are allowed to participate in the third-level vocational skill appraisal in the second half of the third grade. Please refer to the professional comparison table (Annex 6)-education, medicine, psychology and prison science. Students of other non-related majors need to attend training for a certain period of time before they can apply for the exam.
(two) meet one of the following conditions, you can apply for the second-level psychological counselor exam:
1, with a doctoral diploma in this major or related majors;
2. Having worked in this major for more than 3 years after obtaining a master's degree diploma in this major or related major;
3. Obtain a college degree or above in this major or related major, and have worked in this major for more than 8 years;
4. Having been engaged in this occupation for 5 years after obtaining the three-level vocational qualification certificate of this occupation;
5. Those with intermediate or above titles in psychology.
Using the national vocational standards and national vocational qualification training courses for psychological counselors compiled by the former Ministry of Labor and Social Security, you can buy books online for self-study or Peng Zhong psychological counseling to guide and master learning, and obtain the qualification certificate for psychological counselors.
(B) Psychological counselors should have a healthy psychology.
Psychological counselors' mental health is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
A positive and healthy attitude towards life.
People with mental health have a positive attitude towards life, and their personalities are full of enterprising, optimistic and positive attitudes towards life. Psychological counselors should have a positive and optimistic attitude in their own lives and bring this positive and optimistic attitude to psychological counseling.
2. Stable emotional state
People with mental health have a high tolerance for setbacks, can release their emotions appropriately and keep their emotions relatively stable. Psychological counselors should be able to better mediate their emotions and maintain emotional stability in psychological counseling. Only in this way can we keep a cool head and analyze problems objectively.
3. There is no obvious psychological obstacle.
Psychological counselors will encounter setbacks when they grow up, but when they become psychological counselors, they should have overcome their psychological problems through their own efforts and reached a relatively healthy state.
(C) excellent personality of psychological counselors
American psychological counselor Rogers proposed that psychological counselors should have the following four qualities:
(1) unconditional respect, (2) consistency, (3) sincerity and (4) emotional transfer.
In actual psychological counseling, psychological counselors should have the following qualities:
1. Calm, keen and flexible
2. Warm and generous, considerate
3. Sincere feelings. Strong will.
6. Requirements for suitable assistants include (). A. personality.
Requirements for suitable helpers include (A, B, C, D).
A. Normal intelligence
B. Appropriate age
C. Normal personality
D. The plate shifting machine is correct.
analyse
Generally speaking, a suitable helper should have the following conditions: ① normal intelligence; ② Appropriate age; ③ Appropriate content; ④ Normal personality; ⑤ The motivation is correct; 6. High trust; ⑦ Action consciousness; 8 is a good match.
What candidates are suitable for obtaining the certificate of psychological counselor?
1, management (public administration related major), pedagogy (pedagogy, educational technology, preschool education, special education, social sports, etc. ), psychology, applied psychology) related professionals;
2. Young Pioneers counselors, league cadres, mental health counselors and class teachers, classroom teachers or off-campus counselors;
3, youth social welfare institutions, juvenile offenders correction system staff;
4. Psychologists who are engaged in psychological counseling and mental illness treatment for the society;
5. Persons who have participated in the training of psychological counselors and wish to further participate in the special training of adolescent psychological counseling;
6. Parents who want to prevent and solve their children's psychological problems through training;
7. Normal college students;
8, the national civil affairs, women's federations, judicial and other psychological workers engaged in relationship coordination.
In short, before taking the psychological counselor's certificate, you might as well see if you have the potential to be a psychological counselor, or think about whether you really need research. Once you make up your mind, you can devote all your energy to get a psychological counselor's certificate.
8. Requirements for help seekers suitable for psychological counseling include
First of all, we must have a strong desire for help and consciously want to solve the problem.
Actively cooperate with consultants.
Willing to open up to the counselor.
What are the requirements of qualified visitors?
Who do you want to consult, so that you can know what his specific requirements are? What are you going to visit? I don't know what you want to ask About what? So it's hard to answer you.
10. Requirements for help seekers suitable for psychological counseling.
Strong self-balancing ability, in the face of all kinds of visitors, first of all, you should be able to get rid of their experience, rather than being led by them. Second, have an open-minded and cheerful outlook on life. Psychological counseling is a process of helping others and helping themselves. Without a correct outlook on life, a healthy personality and an optimistic and enterprising spirit, it is impossible for psychological counselors to infect and guide clients to rebuild a correct outlook on life and change their wrong cognition and behavior. A good educational foundation and skillful consulting skills are the most basic. Four stable emotions cannot always be disturbed by the outside world, so your visitors will be misled by you. Thank you, my answer is over, you'd better give me a bonus!