Decision system mainly includes information system, consultation system, decision system and feedback system. According to modern decision-making theory, consultation and decision-making are two main links of decision-making system, which are undertaken by consulting institutions and decision-makers respectively. Faced with the complicated and changeable objective world, the rapid development of science and technology, the accumulation of knowledge and the expansion of information, the "resourcefulness and decisiveness" of a few leaders are no longer competent for major decisions. As a result, a kind of expert consultation system, such as think tank and think tank, which specializes in decision-making research and provides strategic solutions with the help of modern scientific and technological means, came into being. The researchers in these institutions are authoritative experts in various fields. They have many sources of information, a lot of first-hand information, and can make an objective judgment.
In modern society, some major decisions are highly comprehensive, professional and technical, and experts need to participate in the consultation, demonstration, evaluation and optimization of decision-making schemes. Giving full play to the role of consulting institutions is inseparable from the independence of consulting research. The independence of consulting research is mainly manifested in the following aspects: the consulting conclusions are not transferred by the will of the decision makers. For consulting institutions, they can neither be offside, make decisions instead of decision makers, nor be misplaced. They should equate themselves with the secretarial team and demonstrate only according to the intention of the decision makers. Instead, it is necessary to conduct independent research on the problems designated by the decision makers and put forward high-quality research reports, which not only provide services for decision makers, but also provide guidance for decision makers to form decisions.
Second, establish decision-making principles.
To establish the principle of democratization of decision-making, from the traditional decision-making relying on individual wisdom and experience to the modern decision-making relying on collective wisdom and experience, we should not only rely on the wisdom and experience of decision-making teams, but also rely on the wisdom and experience of experts and scholars in various fields. Establish the principle of scientific decision-making, under the guidance of scientific theory, adopt scientific methods and procedures, and use modern scientific and technological means to systematically and comprehensively investigate and analyze complex social and natural phenomena, comprehensively study the relationship and influence among various factors, and then choose the best scheme. Establish the principle of institutionalization of decision-making, make decision-making activities concrete, organized and standardized in the form of legal system, clearly stipulate the rules of behavior and disciplinary measures for violations of decision-making activities, and ensure the rational operation of decision-making activities on the legal track.
In accordance with the requirements of the basic decision-making principles of democratization, scientificity and institutionalization, we should not make hasty decisions when making strategic, overall and risky decisions without in-depth investigation and study and comprehensive grasp of various variables; Don't make hasty decisions when the scientific feasibility of the scheme is not demonstrated; We should not make a hasty decision without comparing and optimizing various schemes. It is true that reducing risks is not avoiding risks, and prudent decision-making is not delaying decision-making. Under the condition of economic globalization, due to fierce market competition, complex and changeable internal and external environment, increasing unpredictable factors and increasing risks faced by decision-making, how to avoid or face risks and effectively deal with and resolve risks is a severe test faced by every decision-maker. Generally speaking, the benefits of decision-making are related to the risks faced by decision-making, so we should carefully weigh the benefits and risks when making decisions.
Third, improve the decision-making process.
Any decision must have a certain procedure. Scientific decision-making procedure is a reflection of decision-making rules, a summary of decision-making experience and a necessary condition to ensure the smooth progress of decision-making. Generally, it includes the following five steps: 1. Investigate and find problems. Investigation is the means, and finding problems is the purpose. Through in-depth practice, investigation and research, we can collect and possess information to the maximum extent, so as to find problems, put forward topics and lay the foundation for the establishment of decision-making objectives. The second is to determine the goal and demonstrate in many ways. The so-called goal is the expected result according to the forecast. With the goal, all aspects of decision-making work will have a consistent orientation. After the target is determined, it should be demonstrated from different angles and sides by combining typical investigation and systematic analysis to provide a basis for the preparation of the plan. The third is to draw up a plan and evaluate the options. On the basis of multi-party argumentation, according to the collected information, various alternative schemes are formulated from different angles, and then opinions from all sides are widely listened to, and through evaluation and calculation, repeated research is carried out, or one of them is selected or integrated. The fourth is to comprehensively weigh and launch in due course. After making a decision, we should comprehensively weigh its advantages and disadvantages, and strive to achieve the highest benefit and the lowest cost in the implementation of the decision. The fifth is to track feedback and improve. The decision-maker's understanding is not completed at one time, and the optimized scheme will not be perfect. In addition, new situations and problems will appear in practice, and the original scheme needs to be adjusted appropriately. Therefore, after the decision is put into practice, it is necessary to keep the feedback loop open, collect all kinds of information in the implementation in time, and evaluate the choices made. Once the omissions are found, remedial measures should be taken in time to improve the decision.
Fourth, improve the decision-making system.
Decision-making system is an important guarantee to prevent individual decision-making and decision-making mistakes. The purpose is to establish a decision-making mechanism combining public participation, expert argumentation and collective decision-making These systems mainly include: First, the public participation system. On major issues involving the overall economic and social development, it is necessary to conduct extensive consultations and full consultation and coordination; For major professional and technical issues, we should conscientiously carry out expert argumentation, technical consultation and decision-making evaluation; On major issues closely related to the interests of the masses, we should implement publicity, hearing and other systems to expand the participation of the masses, so that the decision-making conforms to the objective reality and has a solid mass base. The second is the expert consultation system. When making decisions on major issues, we should give full play to the role of experts in all aspects, comprehensively analyze and synthesize relevant data and complex situations, find out the internal relations of issues and the possibilities of development and change under different conditions, fully demonstrate various schemes from different angles, and provide scientific basis for optimizing the selection. The third is the collective decision-making system. Decisions on major issues must be discussed collectively by decision-making bodies and voted on according to the principle of one person, one vote. Individuals or a few people must never make hasty decisions. Only by relying on collective wisdom and experience can we ensure that the decision is correct, and even if there are mistakes, it is easier to correct them. The fourth is personal responsibility system. Once a major decision is made, it must be implemented by the individual who is responsible for organizing the implementation, and strive to overcome the phenomenon of unclear responsibility, mutual wrangling, delaying the opportunity and evading responsibility. If the essence of collective decision-making is to solve major problems in decision-making in a democratic way to reduce mistakes, then the essence of individual responsibility is to solve the standard problems in implementation in a division of labor to improve efficiency. The fifth is the supervision and feedback system. Supervise the implementation of the principles, procedures and systems of major decisions, track and feedback the implementation of major decisions, and remedy and adjust in time once problems are found. The sixth is the accountability system. Public decision-making is actually carried out in the principal-agent relationship. If mistakes in decision-making lead to waste of resources and economic losses, decision-makers must bear corresponding political, economic, legal and moral responsibilities, which is a basic principle of a modern country ruled by law. Therefore, on the basis of clearly defining the subject and boundary of responsibility for decision-making, we should implement the system of resignation, economic compensation and legal punishment for decision-making mistakes, and punish decision-making mistakes according to law. At the same time, it is necessary to establish and improve the error correction mechanism, effectively correct errors through scientific procedures, and minimize the losses caused by decision-making mistakes.