In the middle and late Qing dynasty, the value of one or two pieces of silver was RMB 150 yuan-about 220 yuan; The value in the middle of the Ming Dynasty is 600-800 yuan RMB; 600 yuan-1300 yuan in the middle of Northern Song Dynasty; 2000-4000 yuan in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. ?
I introduction of silver:
Because of its unique excellent characteristics, silver is endowed with dual values of currency and decoration. Silver was called silver when it was used as money in ancient times.
Second, the monetary value of silver in different dynasties.
1, Qing dynasty
The monetary value of one or two pieces of silver is quite high. One tael of silver is equal to 1200 taels to more than 3000 taels of silver. Until the late Qing Dynasty, a catty of pork was only twenty pence, and an acre of fertile land was only seven or eight taels of silver or twelve or three taels of silver. A few taels of silver, dozens of taels of silver are big things, and one hundred taels of silver is today's big money, which can buy more than ten acres of fertile land.
2. Ming dynasty
According to historical records, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, one tael of silver could buy two taels of rice of average quality. At that time, one or two ounces of rice was about 94.4 kilograms, and one or two ounces of silver could buy 188.8 kilograms of rice, which was 377.6 kilograms. At present, the rice eaten by ordinary families in China is between 5 yuan and 2 yuan per catty1. Based on the median price 1.75 yuan, it can be calculated that one or two pieces of silver in the Ming Dynasty = 660.8 yuan.
3. Song Dynasty
According to Records of Grain Goods in the History of Song Dynasty, "Before Feng, there were only 600 to 700 stones in rice" and Records of Official History of Song Dynasty, "30 yuan per bucket", let's take 2000 copper coins as one or two pieces of silver, and the rice price in Taiping period was 1 stone 600-300 yuan. 1 Two basics can buy 4-8 stones of rice. Calculated by 66 kg, 1 2 is equivalent to nearly 924- 1848 yuan. .
4. Tang Dynasty
If these two pieces of silver were obtained in the Tang Dynasty, the purchasing power would be higher. During the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong, material civilization was extremely rich. A bucket of rice sold for only five pence. Usually, when one or two grains of rice are converted into 1000 copper coins, you can buy 200 buckets of rice. 10 ounce of rice is a stone, which was about 59 kilograms in the Tang Dynasty. Based on today's average rice price 1.75 yuan a catty, one tael of silver is equivalent to RMB 466. During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the price of rice rose to 10, which was also one or two pieces of silver = 2065 yuan.
The combination of ancient data and display;
1, the monthly salary of nine-rank officials in Tang Dynasty is 5 stone meters = the monthly salary of junior civil servants in Tang Dynasty is 1000 yuan;
2. The annual salary of six officials in the Qing Dynasty is 45 taels of silver = bureau-level cadres in the Qing Dynasty, with an annual salary of 9,000 yuan;
3, three years of Qing magistrate, 100,000 snowflakes = those officials, which family does not have tens of millions?
4. In the early years of Qianlong, donate a Taiwanese flower 13 122 silver = 2.7 million to buy a departmental cadre, and clearly mark the price.
Third, other forms of coins in ancient times.
1, Beibi
Currency is one of the early physical currencies in China. As early as in primitive society, money became the medium of exchange. It is a common kind of tooth shell, and the back is often ground flat or drilled with holes, which is convenient to carry. Its scientific name is "cargo shell". With the development of commodity economy, natural shells as money are in short supply, so artificial shell coins have appeared, such as stone shell coins, bone shell coins, mussel shell coins and so on. Copper metal shell coins appeared in the late Shang Dynasty.
2. Four major currencies in the Warring States Period
Cloth coins in Sanjin area of Central Plains; Knife coins in the north and the east; The state of Qin in the northwest used money; "Ant nose money" cast by bronze wares in Southern Chu.
3, "Qin" half two
After Qin unified China, it promulgated the earliest monetary law in China, "Qin currency is the same as the world currency", which stipulated that the whole country should use Qin's square and semi-written language.
4. "Five baht" money
In the fifth year of Emperor Yuanshou of the Han Dynasty, the "half-taels" were abandoned and changed into "five baht" coins, which were appropriate in size, beautifully made and very popular. Later, they were cast in various dynasties and used for more than 700 years in the early Tang Dynasty. This is the longest-standing currency in the history of China.
5. Copper coins
After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, in the process of rectifying the monetary system, the "Kaiyuan Bao Tong" currency was minted to replace the original "Five baht". Later dynasties called it "Bao Tong", but the word "Kaiyuan" was replaced by the year number at that time. This form continued until the Qing Dynasty. Gundam 19 16 "Hongxian Bao Tong", Bao Tong and Yuanbao have been in use for nearly 1300 years, and their longevity is really rare in the world monetary history.
6. Money
China is the first country in the world to use paper money. Jiaozi in the Northern Song Dynasty and Huizi in the Southern Song Dynasty were the earliest official banknotes, and after that, they became one of the main currencies in various dynasties.
How much is an ancient silver coin worth?
First of all, we have to solve a problem, that is, how much RMB can be exchanged for 1 silver in ancient times.
This question is actually very complicated and inconclusive. There is a common saying that one or two pieces of silver were worth about 300-600 yuan in the early and middle period of Qing Dynasty.
Take the upper limit first, and calculate the monthly income of concubines in the Qing Dynasty with 1 silver =600 yuan RMB:
The queen mother is a wife, and her monthly salary is 1 10000.
Queen: Fifty thousand.
Imperial concubine: 40,000
Imperial concubine: 30 thousand
Princess: 65438+500,000
Target: 1 ten thousand.
Noble person: 5K
Frequently: 2.5K
Commitment: 1.5K
This is basically the income level of a slightly larger company from intern to chairman.
Of course, since ancient times, fixed wages have been a cover-up. You see, Ma Yun said that he doesn't get paid every month.
Although nuns don't have overtime pay, they often have holiday expenses and maternity subsidies. Take the Queen's birthday as an example. In addition to silks and satins, the emperor will give her a big red envelope of 654.38+0 million. This is twice her annual salary!
Of course, there are also red envelopes for giving birth to children. Of course, this is also based on grades. Take Zhen _ as an example. When Wan Di was born, she got a red envelope of 6.5438+0.2 million yuan, and when she was a concubine, she got a red envelope of 360,000 yuan when she was born in Hong _ and Linxi.
Although harem wives have food and shelter, they still have to spend money to reward servants, dredge relationships, visit relatives and friends, and so on, so this is not a small expense.
Although Ling Rong married a Beijing man, she is eligible to buy a house, but her income is a bit suspended. Let's assume that small business owners can save their fixed wages. Based on Ling Rongbao's monthly income 1500 yuan, how long will it take for her to afford a house in Beijing? Wait, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security warmly reminds Yong Zhengdi: The latest version of Beijing's minimum wage is 2200 yuan/month, please re-establish the salary standard of the empress dowager.
Then we forcibly raised Ann's promised monthly income to 2.5K, and the aristocrat only got 5K a month, so Lingrong certainly didn't dare to consider buying a house before becoming an aristocrat. Zhen _ Huai Luo Yue's Lingrong didn't take the position until a few months ago. We calculated that she could save about 200,000 yuan in four years.
In addition, Angela Lingrong, a versatile sideline, opened a hand-embroidered shop in a treasure to earn extra money as a singing anchor. The appearance fee for ice dancing should be not low, and 300,000 yuan can be made up.
However, the cost of Lingrong is not low. How can you buy so much musk with a toilet?
When we get to the Fifth Ring Road, if the emperor repays the loan with her, it is still possible to buy a house in the Fifth Ring Road. But this down payment is still far from enough. Can the family get together?
Oh, forget it. The house in Beijing is beyond our ability to pay.
For reference.
How much is 1 silver?
Do the math.
1. According to records, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, one or two pieces of silver could buy two pieces of rice of average quality. At that time, a stone was about 94.4 kilograms, and one or two pieces of silver could buy 188.8 kilograms of rice, which was 377.6 kilograms.
At present, the rice eaten by ordinary families in China is between 5 yuan and 2 yuan per catty1. According to the median price 1.75 yuan, we can calculate:
One or two pieces of silver in Ming Dynasty = RMB 660.8.
Because the story of A Dream of Red Mansions is set in the Qing Dynasty, but the living conditions are set in the Ming Dynasty, let's calculate the silver value of the Ming Dynasty. Granny Liu is of course very happy to get more than 13 thousand yuan in the New Year.
Guo Jing, on the other hand, spent more than 12,000 yuan for a meal, still in a small place like Zhangjiakou, which is too exaggerated. Even if Guo Jing is stupid again, he was born in poverty, so it is impossible for him not to know the value of money, and it is even more impossible for Huang Rong to be killed by the store.
If these two pieces of silver were obtained in Tang Dynasty, the purchasing power would be higher. During the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong, material civilization was extremely rich. A barrel of rice costs only 5p. Usually one or two pieces of silver are converted into 1000 copper coins, and you can buy 200 dou meters.
A barrel 10 is a stone, that is, 20 stones, and a stone in the Tang Dynasty is about 59 kilograms. Based on today's average rice price 1.75 yuan a catty, one or two ounces of silver is equivalent to 4 130 yuan's purchasing power.
During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the price of rice rose to 10, which was also one or two pieces of silver = 2065 yuan.
3. According to Records of Grain and Goods in Song Dynasty, before Feng, there were only 600 to 700 taels of rice and stone, and Records of Officials in Song Dynasty, "Thirty taels of money a barrel". Let's take 2000 coppers as one tael of silver, and the price of rice in peacetime was 1 stone 600-300 yuan.
1 Two basics can buy 4-8 stones of rice. Calculated by 66 kg, 1 2 is equivalent to nearly 924- 1848 yuan. .
Assuming that the price of silver in the Southern Song Dynasty is similar to that in the Northern Song Dynasty, Guo Jing invited Huang Rong to dinner for at least 13,000 yuan. No wonder the little girl was moved at once.
How much is a tael of silver?
It is inestimable that silver was the common currency in ancient China, which was mainly used for currency trading.
Ancient coins: in units of two, so silver is called silver.
Silver refers to a weighing currency with silver ingots as the main form, which began in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Real silver refers to the actual circulation of silver, such as silver ingots, which vary in color and weight from place to place. Virtual silver is a kind of bookkeeping currency, although it contains a certain amount of silver, but there is no real thing, such as the "gauge yuan" in modern Shanghai, the "bank yuan" in Tianjin and the "foreign example" in Hankou.
Silver, also known as tattooed silver, was an ancient monetary unit in China. It is also called making money when gold goes up and copper goes down.
The history of silver currency in China;
1, "Historical Records Pinghuai Biography": "Yu Xia's currency, gold is three products, either yellow, white or red." Yellow represents gold, white represents silver and red represents copper. In the pre-Qin period, China began to use silver.
2. In the monetary history of China, silver was officially used as a trading currency in the fourth year of Emperor founding ceremony. In order to curb the looting of powerful families and realize the prosperity of the literary world, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty reformed the monetary system and adopted the "Platinum Tri-product" currency as a domestic product.
3. During the Five Dynasties, silver has been used for offering sacrifices, importing goods, accepting money, bribing and other fields. The amount of silver used each time is also quite huge, but it is just cast into silver collars, silver ingots, silver cakes and other forms, and participates in circulation by its own weight.
In Song Dynasty, besides "Jiaozi" banknotes, copper coins and iron coins, silver was also used as currency. At that time, silver coins were scattered, with five taels, twelve taels, twenty-five taels, fifty taels and even one thousand taels. Most of them are waist-shaped long silver bars, and some are square and round.
5. During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, silver was used more widely. The silver collar of "Cheng 'an Treasure Goods" in the Jin Dynasty was divided into five grades, from one to twelve, which was the beginning of the use of legal counting silver coins in China. The Yuan Dynasty further established the monetary status of silver. In 1260, shortly after the ancestor Kublai Khan ascended the throne, he began to cast a batch of silver ingots, each weighing 50 taels.
Although the name of Yuanbao has always been used in copper coins, silver ingot means "Yuanbao". Yuanbao Silver Ingot began in Yuan Dynasty, and since then "Yuanbao" has become a fixed synonym.
How much is one tael of silver now?
fundamental unit
There were many monetary units in ancient China, and each dynasty was different, especially before Qin and Han Dynasties. Only three basic units are discussed here:
You get what you pay for.
An ounce or two of silver.
An ounce or two of gold.
Although the above-mentioned units are different in different dynasties and generations, at least there is little difference after the Tang and Song Dynasties, so relatively stable and reliable data can be obtained.
commutation relation
The exchange ratio between copper coins, silver and gold, just like the current foreign exchange price, is constantly changing, unlike 1 yuan is equal to 100. According to the following description:
"The price of gold and silver rose from 1600 to 1: 8 in the middle and late 20th century, and doubled to 1: 20 by the end of 18."
It is known that 1 gold can be exchanged for about 8~ 1 1 silver. Once again:
"In the early years of Daoguang, one or two pieces of silver were exchanged for money, that is, one thousand articles; By the time of the Opium War in the 20th year of Daoguang, one or two pieces of silver could be exchanged for sixteen thousand seven hundred pieces of silver. Since Xianfeng, the price of silver has soared, and one or two pieces of silver can be exchanged for as much as 22,300 pieces of silver. "
It is known that under normal circumstances, 1 silver can be exchanged for about 1000~ 1500 copper. Ancient 1 penetration money or 1 hanging money was 1000 copper coins.
2 metal price
Because money made of gold, silver and copper has its own value, in theory, the value of money should be equal to the price of metal, so we can answer "how much is a silver?"
In the Tang Dynasty, each Kaiyuan Bao Tong copper coin was 8 cents in diameter, 10 pieces weighed 1 2 pieces, and 1,000 pieces weighed 6 Jin 4 liang. During the reign of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, each copper coin weighed one yuan and twenty-five cents, and then increased to one yuan and four cents, so it weighed eight catties and twelve ounces per thousand articles. In ancient times, although the weight units of "two" were different, they were all about 40 grams, while "Jin" was about 700 grams. The average weight of each copper coin is 5g.
At present, the prices of gold, silver and copper are as follows:
Gold: 100 yuan/gram
Silver: 2 yuan/gram
Brass: 0.02 yuan/gram
The calculation results are: 1 two gold: about 4000 yuan 1 two silver: about 80 yuan 1 copper coin: about 0. 1 yuan.
How much RMB is one tael of silver?
In the Tang dynasty, one or two pieces of silver was about 3000 yuan; One or two pieces of silver in the Song Dynasty was about equal to 1 188 yuan; In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, one or two pieces of silver was about equal to 150 yuan. According to the current rice price of three yuan a catty, one or two pieces of silver can buy more than a thousand kilograms of rice in the Tang Dynasty, so one or two pieces of silver is equivalent to about three thousand yuan. In the Song Dynasty, one or two taels of silver could buy about three stones of rice. In the Song Dynasty, a stone was 66 kilograms, and one or two pieces of silver were equivalent to about RMB 1 188.
Silver is a monetary unit with silver ingots as the main form. Originated in the Han Dynasty and prevailed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. As legal tender unit, it ends with 1933. People after 1933 still use it. Modern silver can be divided into real silver and virtual silver. True silver refers to the actual circulation of silver, which can be roughly divided into four types: ingot, medium ingot, small ingot and broken silver. Due to different regions and users, there are more than 70 kinds of silver weights, including Kuping, Guangping, Guanping and Cao Ping. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu, the Qing government stipulated that Kuping 1 was equal to 37.338+0g.
There were many monetary units in ancient China, and each dynasty was different, especially before Qin and Han Dynasties. Only three basic units are discussed here: a coin, a silver coin and a gold coin.
Because money made of gold, silver and copper has its own value, in theory, the value of money should be equal to the price of metal, so we can answer "how much is a silver?"
In the Tang Dynasty, each Kaiyuan Bao Tong copper coin was 8 cents in diameter, 10 pieces weighed 1 2 pieces, and 1,000 pieces weighed 6 Jin 4 liang. During the reign of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, each copper coin weighed one yuan and twenty-five cents, and then increased to one yuan and four cents, so it weighed eight catties and twelve ounces per thousand articles. In ancient times, although the weight units of "two" were different, they were all about 40 grams, while "Jin" was about 700 grams. The average weight of each copper coin is 5g.
In ancient times, silver was the most important currency in circulation, and the value of each dynasty was different. At present, the price of silver is about one gram of 3.5 yuan, and one or two ounces of silver is about 170 yuan.