Site selection and planting
On the sunny hillside, sandy loam with deep soil layer should be selected. It can be planted in the corner of the field or interplanted with leguminous plants.
Before planting, all the land should be reclaimed, the pockets of miscellaneous trees should be removed, and the pit should be dug at the row spacing of 4×4 feet, with the pit width 1 foot square and the depth of 0.8- 1 foot. 65,438+00-65,438+05 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer was applied to each hole, and it was planted after mixing soil in the hole.
Land selection and preparation: Shuidongge has low requirements for soil, and can be cultivated on hillsides, earth workshops, fields and corners. Dig a pit at the selected site with a row spacing of 4-6 feet (if the soil is good, the distance can be larger, otherwise it will be smaller), with a hole diameter of one foot and a depth of 0.8- 1 foot. Apply soil mixed fertilizer, green manure or human and animal manure as base fertilizer, and plant it after the soil fertilizer is uniform.
Planting should be carried out in cloudy days from March to April. After the seedlings are unearthed, they should be planted in time, not exposed to the sun and wind. If the transportation is far away, the roots should be moistened with yellow mud, covered with grass, planted in each hole, covered with soil, compacted and sprayed with water. After planting, weeding and topdressing can be done once a year in spring and summer, and human and animal manure, manure, compost and cake fertilizer can be applied. Before flowering in summer, it is best to apply fertilizer with more phosphorus and potassium content, and fertilization is generally carried out after weeding and loosening the soil.
More than 75% of the fruiting parts are distributed on lateral branches and new shoots, so the branches in these parts are soft. In order to avoid the drooping or breaking of branches due to too many fruits, it is still appropriate to prune and cultivate in a horizontal shed.
Carry out field management according to the general cultivation method of Shuidongge. There is no graft incompatibility when grafting with acid seeds and weighing seeds, which is suitable for the work of eliminating and replacing seeds while renewing branches.
Fruits are usually harvested 75 days after flowering in summer and 1 10 days after flowering in winter.
After the color of the peel begins, it has a waxy yellow color; At the stage when the peel color has not turned yellow, the pulp is still not completely deacidified, with low sugar content and poor flavor. Therefore, it is not suitable for harvesting before medium-ripe (when the peel is still green).
This variety has good climate adaptability, and it can blossom and bear fruit all year round except the bud stage of pruned branches and leaves, and the fruit-bearing period can be from July to March of the following year, up to 8-9 months. However, plants have poor low temperature tolerance. During the development of winter fruits, leaflets will roll, turn yellow or even fall off, which indirectly affects the development quality of winter fruits. Therefore, cold protection measures should be taken in advance in the process of fruit development in winter.
Because the fruit contains more juice, the meat quality is thinner, the hardness of the fruit edge is slightly worse, and the transportation is weak. Therefore, protective measures should be taken when packaging, and care should be taken when handling to avoid the collision and extrusion of fruits, so that fruits have a long storage period.
Because the fruit of this variety has pinhole spots and chilling injury symptoms when quarantined at low temperature (0- 1℃), it is still suitable for domestic market or exported to short-distance countries without quarantine (such as Hong Kong). Fruit ripens and rots.
Symptoms: When Shuidongge is close to maturity, there are indentation-like spots on the fruit, which are slightly sunken and brown. Peel off the cortex and show light yellow flesh, with dark green or waterlogged edges, and often milky cone rot in the middle, which can spread to the middle of the flesh or even rot the whole fruit in a few days. This is an important storage disease.
The pathogen belongs to the genus Vitis.
In the process of infection, germs are spread by wind, rain and airflow, and branches are infected by pruning. Infect the fruit after the incubation period of 14 ~ 2 1 day at 20℃ (that is, infect the young fruit about 3 weeks after flowering), and the fruit will show symptoms when it matures.
Agricultural prevention and control ① Cleaning orchards in winter combined with pruning, removing litter and reducing the parasitic places of germs. (2) The bagging of young fruits began 1 week after flowering to avoid infecting young fruits. Pesticide treatment: spraying 800-fold solution of 50% carbendazim, 1: 0.5: 200 bordeaux solution or 1000-fold solution of 80% thiophanate wettable powder on the crown of the fruit for 2-3 times during the fruit expansion period (May-August), and the spraying interval is about 20 days.
root rot
At the initial stage of symptoms, dark brown water-stained lesions appeared in the roots and neck, and white filamentous hyphae gradually expanded. The cortex and xylem of the endemic area gradually rotted, giving off the smell of distiller's grains. After a large number of hyphae occur, sclerotia is formed in 8-9 days, the size of which is as yellow as rapeseed. Later, the roots below gradually turned black and rotted, leading to the death of the whole plant.
The pathogen Armillaria mellea.
In the process of infection, the pathogen overwinters in the damaged part with mycelium. In Guizhou province, the onset began in May, and it was severe from July to September, and stopped after 10 months. Most of them occur in orchards with thick soil and poor drainage.
Prevent (1) the rainy season by ditching and drainage, planting should not be too deep, and no decomposed fertilizer should be applied. (2) The tree tray was applied in the middle and late March and June, and the roots were irrigated with 0.5 kg zineb and 200 kg water.
stem rot
The symptom of diseased fruit is that obvious water stains appear at the pedicel first, and then the diseased spots spread evenly downward. The pulp rotted down from the pedicel and spread all over the fruit, smelling of alcohol. A layer of uneven gray mold grew on the skin of the affected area and then turned gray. This is an important storage disease. Pathogen botrytis.
In the process of infection, the pathogen overwinters in the infected area in the form of conidia and spreads through the airflow. In spring, flowers are dyed first, causing flower rot. Fruit infection occurs during harvest and storage.
Prevention ① Do a good job in clearing the garden in winter. ② Remove the diseased flowers in time and burn them centrally. Spraying 1 times 65% zineb 500 times at the late flowering stage and before harvesting. Try to make the liquid stick to the fruit stalk when using the medicine.
leafhopper
Symptoms: yellow and white spots appear at the beginning of the damaged leaves, which gradually expand into blocks. When it is heavy, the whole leaves are pale, fall early, the tree is weak, and the yield drops sharply.
According to the investigation,/kloc-0 has four generations per year, and the fourth generation of adults overwinters in green manure crops and weeds in winter. In the middle and late April, 1 generation adults laid eggs, and the eggs were laid in mesophyll near the main vein on the back of leaves, showing stripes along the main vein. The second generation of adults occurs from mid-June to mid-July, which is the peak of the whole year.
Control ① Insect-resistant varieties were selected. ② Strengthen ventilation and light transmission. ③ Weeds in and around the orchard should be cleared, and green manure should be ploughed and returned to the field in time in winter.
Spraying 40% omethoate 1: 1200 times solution, 10% Dolebao 1: 2500 times solution, 25% triadimefon 3000 times solution or 50% pirimicarb wettable powder 4000 times solution has better control effect.
Fruit sucking moth
The main symptoms are Noctuidae and Noctuidae. When the fruit is close to maturity, the adult mouthparts pierce the peel of Shuidongge and suck the juice. After about 1 week, the peel at the puncture turned yellow and sunken, and some glue flowed out, and then it was soft rot near the wound, gradually expanding into oval waterlogged spots, and finally the whole fruit rotted.
Life habit 1 year has 3-4 generations, and both larvae and adults can overwinter, with three peak periods from mid-June, mid-August and mid-September to mid-10. The fruits of Shuidongge are mostly the third generation adults.
Prevention ① Do a good job in clearing the garden. ② Fruit bagging. ③ Adding 0.2% sodium fluoride into the aqueous solution of 8% sugar and 1% vinegar to make trapping solution.
Batmoth
Symptoms are mainly caused by larvae in cortex and xylem at the base of trunk and main vine.
Living habits occur in Guizhou Province 1 year and several years 1 generation. Eggs overwinter on the ground or larvae overwinter in the tunnel at the base of the trunk, and hatch in mid-April of the following year. The first instar larvae feed on humus, and after 2 ~ 3 instars, they feed on the neck of tree roots, and adults appear from late August to September.
Prevention and control ① Protection of natural enemies: Insect-eating birds, predatory beetles and parasitic flies have certain inhibitory effects on the occurrence of bat moth. ② Removing weeds and wild hosts in the orchard: combining pruning, cutting off damaged vines and burning. (3) Artificial killing: When the insect bag is found at the base of the trunk, tear off the insect bag, insert fine wire into the insect hole, and stab the larva. ④ Chemical control: 50 times 50% dichlorvos are dropped or stuffed into the cavity with cotton ball solution. The orifice was blocked by wet mud, which poisoned the larvae. During the active period of 1 instar larvae, 2000 times of 10% deltamethrin solution was sprayed under the crown and at the base of trunk to kill 2-3 instar larvae.