The land of Sanqin guards Chang 'an, overlooking Wujin, and the wind and smoke are misty.
"Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river." The first two sentences point out the place of farewell and the whereabouts of pedestrians respectively. "City Que" refers to the capital Chang 'an, and Que is the watchtower on both sides of the palace gate. "Sanqin" refers to the vicinity of Chang 'an. "Surrounding Sanqin District by this wall" means that the capital Chang 'an is surrounded by Sanqin. "Wujin" is where Du Shaofu is going.
source
"Surround Sanqin by this wall and gather five rivers by this fog" comes from the biography of Shu in Tang Dynasty. Farewell to Lieutenant Du for Shu is a five-character poem written by a poet in the Tang Dynasty. In the whole Tang poetry.
Original poetry
Farewell to the viceroy and go to Shu for his post.
Author Wang Bo? the Tang Dynasty
Translation comparison
Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
After all, the world is just a small place.
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel.
translate
Wei Chang 'an, the land of Sanqin; Far away in Sichuan, but far away. You and I have similar fates, running around in official career, far from home. As long as you have intimate friends, you don't feel far away within the four seas. Even at the ends of the earth, I feel like a close neighbor. Breaking up at a fork in the road really doesn't need to be immersed in love and shed tears.
To annotate ...
(1) Shaofu: official name. One: here, here. Zhou Shu: In Chongzhou, Sichuan today.
(2) the city gate (què) assists Sanqin: the city gate, that is, the tower, refers to Chang' an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. Assist, escort Sanqin refers to the Guanzhong area near Chang 'an, which is the area west of Tongguan in Shaanxi Province today. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu broke the Qin Dynasty and was divided into three areas, until Sanqin surrendered, so it was called Sanqin. This sentence is reversed, which means to protect the capital Chang 'an Sanqin. Wujin: It refers to the five major ferries of Minjiang River, namely Baihuajin, Wan Li Tianjin, Jiangshoujin, Shetoujin and Jiangnan Jin. This refers to Sichuan in general. Auxiliary Sanqin: one is "overlooking the Western Qin Dynasty".
(3) Passing through a mist that unites the five rivers: the noun "wind smoke" is used as an adverbial to indicate the place where the behavior takes place. The whole sentence means that the river looks as confused as a crow's eyes because it looks far away, which means that it looks at Zhou Shu from a distance in the confusion of wind and smoke.
(4) Jun: The honorific title for people is equivalent to "you".
(5) Same: one is "all". Huàn tour: Go abroad to be an official.
(6) within the sea: within the four seas, that is, all over the country. The ancients thought that our territory was surrounded by the sea, so they called it the world within the four seas.
(7) Tianya: the horizon, which is a metaphor for a place far away. Neighborhood: adjacent to each other, close neighbors.
(8) inaction: no need, no need. Qí road: a fork in the road. The ancients often said goodbye to each other at fork roads.
(9) Towels: Tear wet clothes and belts. It means tearful farewell.
Creation background
Send Du to Shu was written by the author when he was in Chang 'an. "Shaofu" is a general term for county commandant in Tang Dynasty. Du Shaofu will be an official in Sichuan, and Wang Bo will send him a farewell poem in Chang 'an.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem is a masterpiece of farewell poetry, which comforts you not to be sad when you leave. The first sentence is in strict opposition, and the third and fourth sentences are in the same strain, with scattered tones, turning reality into emptiness and ups and downs in literary context. "However, China holds our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor." Its peak is prominent, which highly summarizes the scene of "profound friendship, mountains and rivers are irresistible" and points out the theme of "seeing off" at the end. The whole poem is full of ups and downs, pulsating flow and broad-minded artistic conception. The sadness in farewell poems is characterized by bright colors, fresh and lofty language and unique content. This poem washes away the bitterness and lingering state in previous farewell poems, and embodies the poet's lofty aspirations, open-minded interests and broad-minded mind.
"separated by the wall of three qins and the fog of five rivers". Que is the watchtower in front of the palace. "City Que" refers to Chang 'an, the imperial capital of the Tang Dynasty. "Sanqin" refers to the Guanzhong area near Chang 'an. At the end of Qin dynasty, Xiang Yu once divided this place into three kingdoms, so later people called it the land of Sanqin. "Assist" and "assist" can be understood as escort. "Auxiliary Sanqin" means "Auxiliary Sanqin". The vast wilderness in Guanzhong is guarding Chang 'an, which means the place of farewell. "Through the mist that unites five rivers". "Wujin" refers to the five crossings of Minjiang River from guanxian to Qianwei. Looking from a distance, I saw the wind, dust and smoke in Sichuan are endless. This sentence is about where Du Shaofu is going. Because friends are going to Sichuan from Chang 'an, the two places are naturally linked with the poet's feelings. The poem did not say goodbye at the beginning, but only described the situation and style of these two places. The feeling of farewell is very comfortable inside. The poet is in Chang 'an, even the land of Sanqin is hard to see at a glance, and Wujin, thousands of miles away, is even more invisible. Beyond ordinary people's vision, look at the world with imaginary eyes, "How does the water of the Yellow River move out of the sky and into the ocean, never to return", and look at the East China Sea from the source of the river. "Qu Tang Xia Kou Qujiang Tou, Wan Lifeng smoke meets Su Qiu", you can see Chang 'an from the Three Gorges. The poem begins with a magnificent realm by exaggeration. Farewell poems generally only focus on Yan Yu, Yang Zhi, tears and different wine lamps.
We said goodbye to each other sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions. What does it mean to leave each other? For those who have left their homes in order to be officials, there has been a heavy parting, and the mutual goodbye in the guest house has added a heavy parting; There is infinite sadness in it. The first two sentences are eight octaves high, precise and rigorous, with deep charm, and they are not neat and sparse. Although there were no strict rules in law poetry at that time, it had its unique beauty. This poem has formed ups and downs, which makes people feel that it is changing.
Brief introduction of the author
Wang Bo, Rainbow Bo (649 ~ 676), born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi), was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of his career, Linde joined the army in Zhouguo. Later, he went to Hainan to visit his father and drowned and died of shock. He showed his talent when he was young, and he was as famous as Yang Jiong, Lu and Lu in words, and he was also called "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty". Both he and Lu tried to change the poetic style of "striving for exquisiteness and carving" at that time (see Yang Jiong's Preface). His poems tend to describe personal life, and a few of his works express political feelings and cover up his dissatisfaction with powerful families. The style is fresh, but some poems are superficial. His prose "Preface to Wang Tengting" is quite famous. The original collection of books has been lost, and The Collection of Wang Zian was compiled in the Ming Dynasty.