Introduction to 0
The continuous expansion of infrastructure investment in China has promoted the vigorous development of the construction industry. However, due to the lack of safe and effective management in building construction, safety accidents occur frequently, which brings serious economic losses to the country and people and affects the healthy development of China's construction industry. The effective application of multi-source information technology in all aspects of society brings hope to the safety management of building construction and provides a theoretical basis for the safety decision-making of project managers.
1 causes of construction safety accidents
People's insecurity is a man-made factor that can only affect the construction safety, and it often plays a decisive role in the occurrence of safety accidents. In construction safety accidents, human factors are very subtle, which are both the fuse and the victim. Most of the causes of construction safety accidents are closely related to human factors, including some illegal operation behaviors of managers and construction workers. For construction operators, their cultural quality is uneven, most of them have not received professional training, and their knowledge and awareness of construction safety are very weak. Illegal operation is very common, and sometimes protective equipment is removed at will for the convenience of construction.
For construction managers, they always act according to their own experience, don't understand the safety specifications and technical standards, and in order to pursue economic benefits, the investment in safety facilities is low, so there is a fluke mentality, and some emergency plans are even more unprepared. The unsafe factors of the environment include the unsafe state of the natural environment and the working environment. Building construction is an open-air operation, which is most affected by the natural environment. In case of heavy rain and heavy snow, the project manager should arrange production operations reasonably according to the weather conditions. Even if the construction period is tight, they need to consider the influence of equipment and people and make detailed construction plans to avoid electric shock accidents and falling accidents caused by natural reasons.
The construction unit puts interests first and has a coping attitude towards the development of safety work. When safety accidents happen, they only passively accept the improvement of safety conditions, and safety management is always superficial, and national safety standards have become empty talk. When building construction enterprises find some sources of safety accidents, they always can't deal with them in time, and sometimes they even know the existence of some safety factors, but they turn a blind eye to save the construction period or economic benefits. If these hidden dangers are not solved for a long time, the probability of accidents will inevitably increase.
2 characteristics of multi-source information fusion technology
With the development of society and the progress of economy, the information capacity is getting larger and larger, which puts forward more diversified requirements for the speed and expression of information processing, which has far exceeded people's response and processing ability to multi-source information. Under such conditions, multi-source information fusion technology came into being. Multi-source information fusion technology, also known as multi-sensor information fusion technology, first appeared in the late 1970s. The initial research of this technology is aimed at data processing, and the fusion of information is actually the fusion of data.
Multi-source information fusion is to detect and combine the original information collected by multiple sensors or multiple information sources with the help of computer, which can improve the accuracy of the state evaluation of the detected object, so as to evaluate the importance of risk completely through multi-level and multi-faceted information processing. Multi-source fusion information processes the incomplete information obtained from multi-channels and multi-directions, so that all kinds of information complement each other to reduce its fuzziness and uncertainty, thus obtaining relatively complete and valuable comprehensive information.
The meaning of multi-sensor is very broad. Data people are not limited to sensors, but also from other data sources, including physical, logical, social and other types of information. Multi-source information fusion technology has been applied to the military field for a long time, which can process military information at multiple levels and in many aspects, so as to obtain more accurate war situation. In recent years, with the development of information technology, artificial intelligence technology has also developed rapidly. In many countries, this multi-source information fusion technology has made remarkable achievements in many fields, such as chemical industry, medical care, transportation, nature, aerospace, nuclear energy and so on, and has attracted more and more attention from all countries in the world. Multi-source information fusion technology increases the dimension of data information measurement, thus reducing the performance requirements for a single sensor. Through information fusion processing, the reliability and accuracy of information are improved.
This technology can analyze and predict the overall situation of the detected object, but it also needs to pay attention to its limitations. In multi-source information fusion technology, most of the data and information provided by each sensor do not appear in an information level, so it becomes more complicated in analysis and processing. This makes it difficult to determine the information. The fusion of these uncertain information by multi-source information fusion technology is an uncertain reasoning process to some extent. The key to the realization of this technology lies in the ability to analyze and process complex fusion information by using appropriate information fusion algorithms.
3 the feasibility of multi-source information fusion technology in building safety management
First, multi-source information fusion technology has been applied in military, industrial, enterprise management and other social fields, and it is also very feasible to extend it to the field of construction. In the information age, the emergence of information fusion technology is understandable, and the gratifying achievements of major projects in many fields have attracted more and more attention from all countries in the world and become the development direction of information science in the future. Secondly, at present, the traditional data statistics methods in building construction can no longer meet the needs of engineering information processing, and the fuzziness and randomness in information processing have caused great limitations, which will not only lead to a sharp increase in the workload of information processing, but also cut off the internal relationship between information layers, resulting in a great waste of information resources.
Multi-source information fusion technology is to process all kinds of latest fusion algorithms with the help of computer, so as to obtain the fusion information that is beneficial to the detection formation, so that the leadership behavior of decision makers will have a certain basis. In construction safety management, multi-source information fusion technology is used to deal with complex information that affects construction safety management. They analyze and fuse engineering information, so that project managers can grasp the safety status of construction projects as a whole by relying on the results of information fusion, thus providing theoretical basis for various management decisions. From this point of view, it is feasible to apply multi-source information fusion technology to building safety management, and it also opens up a new road for building safety management.
4 building construction safety early warning management forecast
Building safety construction is an extremely complicated process. Only by mastering and understanding all kinds of information in the construction process can the project manager make safety early warning decisions, thus ensuring the safety of building construction management. Construction safety information management is to effectively manage all kinds of information that may cause safety accidents, so as to provide decision-making basis for project managers and reduce the frequency of safety accidents. Specifically, building construction management is a series of systematic activities to organize, coordinate and control construction projects, including quality, schedule, cost and safety management. Building safety information management is an important branch of building management. In the process of construction, we should collect, analyze and sort out all kinds of construction information of construction projects with the help of existing resources, and organize safety production management activities according to the analysis results.
The prediction of the safety state of various sub-projects in building construction can analyze the data information of people, equipment, environment and management with the help of DS evidence theory algorithm. In the actual safety management process, if there are fewer sensors, the data information obtained will be correspondingly less. Multi-source information fusion technology uses computer to detect and fuse the information obtained by each sensor, so it can quickly process complex data information with the help of computer combined with DS evidence theory in building safety management. DS evidence theory is a method of information fusion technology, which can dialectically prevent the lag of safety accidents, thus changing the thinking of building construction safety management, taking the initiative in safety information management and raising the level of safety information management to a new level.
The safety prediction model based on DS evidence theory can analyze and predict all aspects of data information, thus providing decision-making basis for project managers. It is an all-round safety early warning management, which can identify the hazards of construction safety and avoid any safety omissions. Through the results of information fusion, we can know the safety status and material quality of electrical equipment, and update and maintain the machines and tools in time once problems are found, thus strengthening the safety management of the construction site. If the safety state shown by management factors is close to the critical value, the maximum level of the safety state of the above-mentioned sub-projects should be regarded as the safety state of the whole construction project, and corresponding measures should be taken to prevent the construction project.
The frequent occurrence of construction safety accidents, these complex and uncertain factors can not be covered by laws and regulations in national policies, so it is far from enough to rely solely on administrative and legal means. In the information age, information fusion has become a systematic subject. Seeing its achievements in various industries, we can apply information fusion technology to construction management, but this paper only analyzes its feasibility. The information fusion method of building safety management is still in its infancy, and more people are needed to further explore and study it in the future.
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