After the reign of Emperor Taizong of Zhenguan, starting from the fundamental interests of the ruling class, taking the Sui Dynasty as a mirror, he paid close attention to people's hearts, feelings and public opinions, and closely United the surrounding ministers of civil and military affairs, and successively implemented a series of more enlightened policies. Coachable is open-minded, open-minded and willing to remonstrate, which is a prominent political feature of "Zhenguan rule". He knows people by heart, takes people by talents and treats people by talents. This constitutes another distinctive feature of "the rule of Zhenguan", and it is also an important symbol that Emperor Taizong was defined as a wise monarch by later generations. Emperor Taizong resolutely opposed the selection of talents based on interpersonal relationship and blood relationship. He pays attention to selecting many outstanding folk military commanders from newcomers, strangers and even hostile camps. Wei Zhi, a famous politician and loyal minister, chose * * * from hostile political groups and reused it. The third feature of "Zhenguan rule" is that Emperor Taizong and important members of his ruling clique can generally control expenditures, curb selfish desires, streamline institutions, reduce taxes, oppose extravagance, put an end to bribery, and do everything possible to reduce the burden on the people.
Kaiyuan Shi Sheng Kaiyuan (7 13-74 1) was the early year of Tang Xuanzong. During the Kaiyuan period, the social economy of the Tang Dynasty was prosperous, the politics was clear, the population increased, and the national fiscal revenue was stable. Later, people called this period "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng". In order to strengthen national strength and increase fiscal revenue, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty first carried out economic reforms. First of all, he hit the rich gentry. Second, reform the food stamp system, increase fiscal revenue and reduce people's burden; Thirdly, Xuanzong attacked Buddhist forces and destroyed monks and nuns; Fourth, develop agriculture. In diplomacy, Xuanzong carried out the policy of national reconciliation, improved national relations and further unified the country. At the same time, harmonious ethnic relations in the Kaiyuan period also played a great role in promoting social stability and economic development. Thanks to a series of positive political and economic measures taken by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and the hard work of the broad masses of the people, the Tang Dynasty reached a high level in all aspects and its national strength was unprecedented. Social prosperity has promoted a substantial increase in population.
After Wu Zetian was forced to abdicate, the Tang Dynasty entered a short period of chaos: first, Wu Sansi colluded with Queen Wei, and Princess Anle was killed by the "Five Kings" restored by Zhongzong; Then, Prince Li Zhongjun led the body guard to kill Wu Sansi and Wu Chongxun, and Wu Chongxun was also killed by people in Wei Hou. Then, Wei Hou conspired with Princess Anle to poison the middle school emperor Li Xian and make him a puppet. He is in charge of power and listens to politics. Wei Hou resorted to unscrupulous means, and Princess Anle publicly sold her official titles, which led to abnormal corruption. At this moment, 26-year-old Li Longji stepped onto the stage. In the fourth year of Jinglong (AD 7 10), Gengzi Day was held in June. The third son of King Li Dan and his aunt Princess Taiping. Eliminate Wei Wu Group and welcome Prime Minister Li Dan to assist Shaodi. Later, he became emperor. In the third year of Jing Yun (AD 7 12), Emperor Li Dan of Zong Rui gave way to Li Longji as Xuanzong. At this time, Princess Taiping has changed from a former alliance to a powerful opponent of Xuanzong. "There are seven prime ministers, four out of their door. The minister of civil and military affairs is too half attached. "
Set up an admonition officer, restore the admonition system, improve the legal system, delete the format of laws and regulations and compile them. In agriculture, appease the people, persuade farmers, check household registration, reclaim wasteland and increase the yield per mu. Four supervisors were set up to manage the government handicrafts, and the folk handicrafts also developed rapidly. Commercial prosperity, the emergence of financial institutions, the development of common market and overseas trade. It is precisely because of the unity of monarch and minister in the early years of Kaiyuan that the national economy prospered rapidly and ushered in "memory"
What's the difference between "the rule of Zhenguan" and "the prosperity of Kaiyuan" in the Tang Dynasty? First, time is different from that of the emperor.
1, Zhenguan rule was during the reign of Emperor Taizong in the early years.
2. The prosperous time of Kaiyuan, or the rule of Kaiyuan, refers to the prosperous time under the rule of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.
Second, the reasons are different.
1, the rule of Zhenguan was because Emperor Taizong realized the greatness of people's power from the magnificent peasant war, learned the lessons from the demise of the Sui Dynasty, and adopted a series of measures to consolidate the rule, make politics clear and make the society and economy prosperous, which led to the rule of Zhenguan. The rule of Zhenguan laid an important foundation for the prosperity of Kaiyuan and pushed China's traditional agricultural society to its peak.
2. After Wu Zetian, the political situation in the Tang Dynasty was turbulent, and it was not until Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne that the situation stabilized and the political situation revived. In the early years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, farming techniques developed greatly, handicrafts developed, silk weaving skills were superb, and tea drinking was also popular throughout the country. The Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was called "the prosperous time of Kaiyuan" in history.
Third, the situation is different
1. During the Zhenguan period, Emperor Taizong attached great importance to talents, was open-minded, appointed people on their merits, and listened to opinions with an open mind, thus creating an atmosphere of political clarity and ensuring the formulation and implementation of more enlightened and correct political, economic, ethnic, diplomatic and cultural policies. Emperor Taizong practiced domestic economy and let the people recuperate, so as to ease class contradictions, stabilize social order and restore the economy.
2. In the prosperous era of Kaiyuan, due to a series of positive measures taken by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and the hard work of the broad masses of the people, the Tang Dynasty ruled the world and the economy developed rapidly. The Tang Dynasty here reached a very high level in all aspects, with unprecedented national strength, unprecedented social and economic prosperity and a substantial increase in population. During the Tianbao period, the population of the Tang Dynasty reached 80 million, and the national fiscal revenue was stable.
Commerce is very developed, domestic transportation extends in all directions, cities are more prosperous, foreign trade is growing day by day, Persia and big food merchants are in an endless stream, and businessmen from Chang 'an, Luoyang, Guangzhou and other metropolises gather, and businessmen from different languages come and go in different clothes, which is very lively. The Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, and the feudal society in China reached its peak.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-The Rule of Zhenguan
Baidu Encyclopedia-Kaiyuan Shi Sheng
Although Li Shimin initiated the prosperity of Kaiyuan, it also triggered the Anshi Rebellion. Is he a wise king or a bad king? Li Shimin initiated the rule of Zhenguan, and during the Li Longji period of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, there appeared the prosperity of Kaiyuan and the rebellion of Anshi. In fact, a wise king or a faint king cannot be judged by just one incident. For an emperor's judgment, we should combine his life (this name is not very good, to be exact, it is a term, but the emperors in ancient China generally died as emperors, so use this). In the early stage, he was a wise king, conscientious and diligent, but in the later stage, he appointed a courtier, Li, who was well known to everyone. However, the Anshi Rebellion has its potential. Originally, the separatist regime in the Tang Dynasty was a potential threat, and the power of our time was too great, which would lead to mutiny sooner or later. Tang Xuanzong's behavior is only a fuse. Even if it weren't for him, similar incidents would still happen (if the separatist forces in the buffer zone were not resolved). Generally speaking, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was still a wise monarch. (Personal opinion, don't spray if you don't like it)
I feel that Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, was not as strong as Li Shimin, and the reign of Zhenguan was not as strong as that of Kaiyuan. According to the household registration, there were 3 million households in Zhenguan period, and after the development of Li Zhi, Wu Zetian and Li Longji Kaiyuan, there were about 9 million households in Tianbao period. At this time, the population of the Tang Dynasty reached its peak, about 60 million. From this perspective, only when the country is strong and the people are stable can the population develop.
During the reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was called the prosperous time of Kaiyuan in history, right? Wrong. The political clarity in the period of Emperor Taizong was "the rule of chastity". It was only during the Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty that it entered its heyday, that is, "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng".
There were three prosperous times in the Tang Dynasty.
Li Shimin's Zhenguan rule in Tang Taizong, Kaiyuan Shi Sheng in Li Longji in Tang Xuanzong and Dazhong rule in Chen Li in Tang Xuanzong. 1. Emperor Taizong Li Shimin's Rule of Zhenguan: "Zhenguan" is the title of Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong, which comes from the Book of Changes: "The Way of Heaven and Earth." It means to show people the right way. Emperor Taizong was a master of English in the history of China, and his achievements were praised by later generations. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, due to the chaos caused by Yang Di, the Sui Dynasty experienced serious destruction and depression of people's livelihood. The Northern Zhou Dynasty "left" 6.9 million households in the Sui Dynasty (according to research by scholars Cen, Yang Zhijiu and others), and there was no major war, but Emperor Yang Di's world was in chaos and his population dropped sharply. The Sui Dynasty "left" more than 2 million households in the Tang Dynasty (according to Du's "General Code", after the consumption and chaos caused by the emperor, it reached martial arts in the early Tang Dynasty. ), as well as the destruction of many powerful enemies at home and abroad, unprecedented serious chaos. Li Yuan and Li Shimin unified the Central Plains and the South, creating conditions for Zhenguan rule. After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he witnessed the rise and fall of the Great Sui Dynasty and the process of the disintegration of the Sui Dynasty by the peasant war. He realized the importance of the peasant class to the stability of the autocratic monarchy, so he often used Emperor Yang Di as a negative example to warn himself and his subordinates. Draw lessons from the demise of the Sui Dynasty, correct the disadvantages of the former dynasty, adjust the ruling policy, practice internal economy, and make the people recuperate, so as to ease class contradictions, stabilize social order and restore the economy. Emperor Taizong attached importance to official management, selecting and appointing talents, and listening to opinions. He is meritocratic, regardless of his background and grievances. Among civil servants and military commanders, he was a Taoist priest and an old minister of Prince Li. He once proposed the murder of Emperor Taizong. Weichi Gong is a blacksmith and a soldier, but both of them are highly valued. Emperor Taizong encouraged his subordinates to protest directly. Wei Zhi remonstrated about more than two hundred things before and after, and went straight to Chen Qi. Emperor Taizong refused to accept more, but chose to follow the good. After Wei Zhi's death, Emperor Taizong said sadly, "My husband can dress himself up with bronze as a mirror; Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall; Take people as a mirror, you can know the gains and losses. Wei Zhi died and I died in the mirror. " After years of careful management, Datang finally appeared a peaceful and prosperous situation. At that time, farmers occupied a certain amount of land, reduced the burden of labor, had a stable production and living environment, and a large number of wasteland was reclaimed, resulting in social and economic prosperity. With the concerted efforts of the monarch and the minister, a ruling society with clear politics, economic development, social stability and flourishing martial arts emerged, which is called "the rule of Zhenguan" in history. It laid an important foundation for the prosperity of the Kaiyuan period and pushed the traditional Chinese agricultural society to the peak. 2. Li Longji's Kaiyuan Prosperity in the Tang Dynasty: After Wu Zetian, the political situation in the Tang Dynasty was turbulent, and it was not until Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne that the situation stabilized and the political situation revived, which was called "the rule of Kaiyuan" in history. During the Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty, farming technology developed greatly, and the wind of drinking tea was also popular all over the country. The handicraft industry in Tang Dynasty was developed and the silk weaving technology was superb. The ceramic industry developed greatly in the Tang Dynasty, among which Yue kiln celadon, Xing kiln white porcelain and Tang Sancai were the most famous. Tri-colored Tang Dynasty is a treasure of world craft. Chang 'an City is divided into Fang and Shi, Fang is a residential area and Shi is a prosperous business district. Chang 'an was not only a national exchange center at that time, but also an international metropolis. In the early period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was called "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" in history. Tang Xuanzong was not only fearless, but also proficient in the general plan of governing the country, knowing that employing people is the foundation of governing the country, and he was also very good at discovering talents (in his early years). Yao Chong, Lu Huaishen, Song Jing, Zhang and Yuan were six prime ministers carefully selected by Xuanzong in the early years of Kaiyuan. They all knew the strategy of governing the country and devoted themselves to state affairs. Tang Xuanzong relied on these wise ministers to develop the economy and stabilize the political situation at the same time. Set up an admonition officer and restore the admonition system. Improve the legal system, delete the format of laws and regulations, and compile the six codes of the Tang Dynasty. In agriculture, quiet people advised farmers, checked household registration, reclaimed wasteland and increased yield per mu. Four inspectors were set up to manage the official handicraft industry, and the folk handicraft industry also developed rapidly. Commercial prosperity, the emergence of financial institutions, the common market and overseas trade developed. It is precisely because of the unity of monarch and minister in the early years of Kaiyuan that the national economy prospered rapidly, which ushered in "recalling the prosperity of Kaiyuan, the small town still hides thousands of families." Rice is fat and white, and public and private warehouses are rich. 3. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, Li Chen's Rule of Dazhong: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty devoted himself to improving the problems left over from the Anshi Rebellion. He demoted Li Deyu first, ending the dispute between Niu and Li. Xuanzong was diligent in governing the country, caring for the people, reducing taxes and attaching importance to talent selection. In this way, the situation in the Tang Dynasty improved, class contradictions eased, the people became richer, and the excessive expansion of eunuch power was restrained. Crack down on illegal dignitaries and consorts. During Xuanzong's reign, he was diligent in governing the country, caring for the people, reducing taxes and attaching importance to talent selection. In the Tang Dynasty, the national situation improved, class contradictions eased, and the people became richer, which made the declining politics show a "revival" well-off situation. The very corrupt Tang Dynasty presented a well-off society of "Zhongxing", which was called "temporary rule of the great and the middle" in history. Externally, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty constantly defeated Tubo, Uighur, Tangut and Westerners, and recovered a large area of lost land occupied by Tubo after the Anshi Rebellion: "Recover Hehuang, open up a territory of 3,000 miles. This is a disgrace for 200 years. "It revived the situation in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was highly appraised in history: Xuanzong ruled from the front, and his power disappeared one day; The next day, the traitors feared the law; On the third day, the temple was in awe. The reason is that political punishment is not excessive and talents are effective, with hundreds of mountains and four mountains. If the breeze is cool, the road will be praised for more than ten years, and the road of the emperor will always be intact, although the literary world of the Han Dynasty is just so. -"Bookstore Yuan Gui" What was the prosperous time of the Tang Dynasty? Second, the rule of Zhenguan by Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin; Li Longji's Kaiyuan Prosperity in Xuanzong Period of Tang Dynasty.
1. Zhenguan rule was the ruling situation of political clarity, economic recovery and cultural prosperity in the early years of Emperor Taizong. Emperor Taizong inherited Tang Gaozu's national policy of respecting ancestors and worshipping Taoism, and further developed it, ruling the country and leveling the world with Taoist thought.
Emperor Taizong can be honest and make good use of others. Speak freely, respect life, exercise self-restraint, and be open-minded to teach; And adopted policies such as taking agriculture as the foundation, practicing economy, recuperating, reviving culture and education, and perfecting the imperial examination system, which made the society stable.
And vigorously pacify foreign aggression, respect border ethnic customs, stabilize the border areas, and finally achieve the ideal situation of governing the world. Because the year number at that time was "Zhenguan" (627-649), it was called "Zhenguanzhi" in history.
The rule of Zhenguan laid an important foundation for the prosperity of Kaiyuan and pushed China's traditional agricultural society to the peak.
Thanks to a series of positive measures taken by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and the hard work of the broad masses of the people, the Tang Dynasty ruled the world and the economy developed rapidly. The Tang Dynasty here reached a very high level in all aspects, with unprecedented national strength, unprecedented social and economic prosperity and a substantial increase in population. During the Tianbao period, the population of the Tang Dynasty reached 80 million, and the national fiscal revenue was stable.
Commerce is very developed, domestic transportation extends in all directions, cities are more prosperous, foreign trade is growing day by day, Persia and big food merchants are in an endless stream, and businessmen from Chang 'an, Luoyang, Guangzhou and other metropolises gather, and businessmen from different languages come and go in different clothes, which is very lively.
The Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, and the feudal society in China reached its peak. Because the year number at that time was "Kaiyuan", it was called "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" in history.
Extended data
1, the background of Zhenguan rule
"Zhenguan" is the title of Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong, which comes from The Book of Changes: "The way of heaven and earth is also." It means to show people the right way. Emperor Taizong was a master of English in the history of China, and his achievements were praised by later generations. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, due to the chaos caused by Yang Di, the Sui Dynasty experienced serious destruction and depression of people's livelihood.
The Northern Zhou Dynasty "left" 6.9 million households in the Sui Dynasty (according to the research of scholars Cen, Yang Zhijiu and others), but there was no major war, while Emperor Yang Di was in chaos and the population dropped sharply. The Sui Dynasty "left" more than 2 million households in the Tang Dynasty (according to Du's "General Code", after the emperor's consumption and confusion, he reached martial arts in the early Tang Dynasty. )。
And many powerful enemies at home and abroad, the destructive power is unprecedented. Li Yuan and Li Shimin unified the Central Plains and the South, creating conditions for the rule of Zhenguan.
2. The background of kaiyuan flourishing age
After Wu Zetian, the political situation in the Tang Dynasty was turbulent, and it was not until Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne that it stabilized and the political situation took on a new look. In the early days of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, farming techniques developed greatly, handicrafts developed, silk weaving techniques were superb, and the wind of drinking tea was also popular throughout the country. The Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was called "the prosperous time of Kaiyuan" in history.
After Wu Zetian was forced to abdicate, the Tang Dynasty entered a short period of chaos: first, Wu Sansi colluded with Queen Wei and Princess Anle and was killed by the "five kings" of Tang Zhongzong who resumed their military exploits; Then, Prince Li Zhongjun led the body guard to kill Wu Sansi and Wu Chongxun, and Wu Chongxun was also killed by people in Wei Hou.
Then, Wei Hou and Princess Anle conspired to poison the middle school emperor Li Xian, and made the puppet Li Zhongmao a little emperor, commanding power and listening to politics alone. Wei Hou is unscrupulous, Princess Anle sells her official publicly, and her state affairs are extremely corrupt. During the eight years after Wu abdicated, coups continued and the political situation was turbulent.