Since 2002, domestic enterprises have been involved in aquatic online monitoring system products, and it has been 10 years, but related products have not yet opened the market. Judging from the current situation of aquaculture, it is still far away to realize the intelligent management of aquaculture.
System capable of 24-hour auxiliary management
At the beginning of 2065438+01September, a large area of dead fish appeared in the water system of Shuikou reservoir area of Minjiang River in Fujian Province, with a total number of dead fish of nearly 100 million Jin. In this large-scale water quality safety accident, the local fishery department finally detected that the cause of fish death was hypoxia. On the day of the incident, the environmental protection department sent samples of the incident waters to Fuzhou for inspection, but the inspection results were not returned until one day later. When the results came out, the losses were already very serious. At that time, due to lack of oxygen, many farmers took incorrect self-help measures, such as continuing to put bait in cages and dragging cages to the middle of the river, which led to more serious consequences. Many farmers complain that water quality testing methods are backward and inefficient, which seriously affects the safety of farming. But how to monitor water quality parameters in time? In fact, the online monitoring system of aquaculture water quality has existed for a long time in China and has been widely used abroad.
Aquaculture online monitoring system is also called aquaculture automatic control system. There is no unified name, and the industry is usually referred to as "Internet of Things". Various water quality parameters can be monitored online 24 hours, including dissolved oxygen, PH value, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, salinity, turbidity, temperature, chlorophyll a, various heavy metal ions, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and other parameters. Aquaculture automatic control system integrates three functions: online monitoring water quality parameters, automatically controlling the operation of related electrical equipment (such as aerators and pumps) according to the online monitoring water quality parameters, and viewing historical data records. As long as the program is set and the equipment such as water pump and aerator are connected, the system will automatically turn on or off the relevant electrical equipment for intelligent breeding.
Boss Lin, a farmer of Penaeus vannamei in Raoping area of eastern Guangdong, owns a high-grade pond shrimp farm with an area of 100 mu, with an yield of 6000-8000 kg per mu. Each 5 mu pond is equipped with 9 aerators, including 3 waterwheels, 6 middle aerators and bottom aerators. This posture is really rare, and the training effect is quite good. He has a habit of recording dissolved oxygen, temperature, weather and other data many times a day and entering them into files. Since 2009, he has changed the operation mode of manual recording and started to use electronic equipment for monitoring. From portable dissolved oxygen meter, portable acidity meter to online dissolved oxygen monitoring system, the data is detected every 40 minutes and recorded. Boss Lin will study these data repeatedly, find out the rules and sum up experience. He admits that this is also an important habit of successful farming.
The networking of aquatic products is not widely used.
From manual testing to electronic equipment testing, the labor cost and time cost are saved, and the operation and recording are more organized. Aquatic online monitoring system is a real-time synchronous monitoring tool which integrates detection, information platform and remote release. As the development trend of aquaculture electronic information, it has not been widely used in China.
Taking Fujian Province as an example, the number of online monitoring systems for aquatic products in use in Fujian Province is about 100. As a big breeding province, it can be seen that the farmers who use this monitoring equipment actually only account for a very small part. Wei Maochun, general manager of Xiamen Shuibei Automation Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Shuibei"), said that the online monitoring system is mainly used in enterprises that implement factory seedling raising and high-density breeding, and the breeding varieties are very wide, including large yellow croaker, grouper, Penaeus vannamei, grass carp, sea cucumber and clam. After summing up, Wei Maochun thinks that large enterprises with high breeding density and high product assignment are more interested in trying online monitoring system.
Compared with the domestic situation, the online monitoring system of aquatic products has been widely used abroad. Qiu Xiaojun, manager of Guangdong Hanhai Aquatic Science and Technology Center (hereinafter referred to as "Hanhai"), told the author that the usage rate of this monitoring system in Europe is over 70%, and the penetration rate is very high. Mainly because the government has high requirements for aquaculture and strict standards for indicators such as water use, drainage and sewage discharge. Therefore, aquaculture in Europe must be monitored in real time through the Internet of Things system to ensure the safety, environmental protection, resource conservation and return of aquaculture.
Shuibei began to develop aquaculture monitoring system in 2009. With the help of the scientific research achievements of Xiamen Ocean Vocational and Technical College, we have been keeping the technical upgrade of products and solving the fault problems. Wei Maochun introduced that at present, the research and development and manufacture of domestic aquatic online monitoring system can not be compared with foreign products in terms of sensors for the time being, so when installing the system, imported sensors are usually used as a match.
Three obstacles to popularization and application
Since 2002, it has been a whole 10 year since domestic enterprises set foot in aquatic online monitoring system products. However, the products of aquatic online monitoring system still failed to open the market, the popularity of domestic brands was blocked, and imported brands were difficult to promote because of their high price positioning. "It will take a long time for the system to be popularized or better promoted, which may be 5- 10 years." Qiu Xiaojun said.
To sum up, there are three reasons: First, the traditional farming concept makes it impossible for farmers to fully accept the intelligent monitoring system. Most domestic farmers believe in empiricism, especially those who have always had a good breeding effect, and it is easy to form the idea that fish and shrimp can be raised well without the help of electronic equipment. Once an idea is formed, it is difficult to change it in a short time.
Secondly, a set of the most common online monitoring system for aquatic products in China needs to invest about 30,000 yuan. If imported parts are used, the price will almost double, and if the whole set is imported products, the price will be even worse. Therefore, at this stage, the price factor is the biggest obstacle to the popularization of aquatic online monitoring system. It is difficult for ordinary small-scale farmers to pay such fees, and it is also difficult to predict whether the benefits brought by this system can offset the price of the products themselves.
Moreover, whether after-sales service is in place directly affects the whole industry. In the early days, some enterprises tried to sell the products of aquatic products online monitoring system, but often ignored the importance of after-sales tracking service, which ultimately affected the user's experience of the products. Both Wei Maochun and Qiu Xiaojun emphasized the importance of after-sales service. After the equipment of aquatic online monitoring system is installed, it needs to be maintained at least once every six months, and training customers' hands-on operation and maintenance skills is also a very important service content. Generally speaking, the online monitoring system of aquatic products at home and abroad is in the process of continuous technical upgrading and product updating, and it also needs customer feedback.
With the deterioration of the natural environment, the gradual reduction of water resources, the scarcity of land and the increase of labor costs, national policies will also attach importance to related industries, and informationization and intelligence are likely to become the new trend of aquaculture in the future. Aquaculture online system has advantages in environmental protection, resource optimization and aquaculture protection. Automatic control equipment is used to monitor, treat and control aquaculture water and ecological conditions instead of manual management. Of course, the aquaculture networking system is not omnipotent, and the use of the system is not enough to ensure the inevitable success of aquaculture. The system provides timely data monitoring, which is helpful to reduce the risk of aquaculture and provide a set of guarantee system for aquaculture.
Main functions of aquaculture automatic control system
Water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, salinity, turbidity, temperature, chlorophyll a, etc. 24-hour online monitoring.
By monitoring the dissolved oxygen value, the work of the aerator can be automatically controlled to prevent the occurrence of hypoxia accidents. When the dissolved oxygen is lower than the safe value (such as 4mg/L), the aerator will automatically turn on, and when the dissolved oxygen reaches the safe value (such as 5mg/L), the aerator will automatically turn off to save electricity.
When the detected dissolved oxygen value reaches a dangerous value (for example, 3mg/L), the acousto-optic alarm system will start and send a short message to the management personnel, and the central control software will start the alarm prompt.
You can check the water quality parameters and the working conditions of various equipment through mobile phones and computer networks.
You can remotely control the start or stop of aerators, feeders, pumps and other equipment through mobile phones and computer networks.
It can automatically record and store the dissolved oxygen data monitored on site and keep it permanently, helping users to inquire and analyze the influence of season, time, weather, temperature and other factors on dissolved oxygen content.
Users can accurately control the dosage of bait according to the measured value of dissolved oxygen in water, and improve the conversion rate of bait.
It has the functions of motor phase failure, leakage and overload protection, and can effectively protect the aerator motor.
Power failure alarm system. In case of power failure, the on-site alarm will be turned on and a short message will be sent to the management.
A single device can measure and control 24 industrialized aquaculture ponds or 8 soil ponds (within the range of single pond 10 mu).
Original manuscript of aquatic frontier magazine. Reprint please indicate the source!