First, the importance of the application of bid evaluation methods
As we all know, in the development process of construction projects, in order to make the development of construction projects more in line with the competitive trend of market economy development and ensure the fairness, justice, science and selectivity of bid evaluation, it is very important to discuss the bid evaluation methods in construction project bidding in depth in combination with the actual situation of construction project development. Appropriate bid evaluation methods should be selected for construction project bidding. At the same time, in the application of bid evaluation methods, it is necessary to raise awareness, strengthen the study of bidding knowledge, give play to the professional level of bid evaluation experts, and ensure high-quality bid evaluation. Secondly, the smooth information circulation channel is an important prerequisite to restrict the rational use of power by agents. In addition, in order to further standardize the bidding behavior of construction project tenderers, before bidding, the personnel of relevant departments should check and control the investment scale and fund implementation of the project.
Second, the analysis of main bid evaluation methods in China
1. No base price method. No-pre-tender-price method means that in the bidding work of construction projects, the tenderee usually does not prepare the pre-tender price (even if the pre-tender price is formulated, it will not be used as the bid evaluation standard), but will remove the highest and lowest values from all bidders' quotations and take the arithmetic average of the remaining quotations as the standard to measure whether the bidders' bidding quotations are reasonable. Relatively speaking, bid evaluation without base price is a common method in international bidding. Bidding without base price has many advantages in practical work, and it is the first choice for bidders. Not setting a pre-tender estimate can eliminate the negative impact of inaccurate pre-tender estimate preparation on the bidding process, which is conducive to reducing costs. The non-pre-tender price adopts the scientific form of separation of quantity and price, which is more in line with the requirements of market science and is conducive to strengthening the competition mechanism in the bidding process. Secondly, because the tenderer did not prepare the pre-tender estimate, the risk of pre-tender estimate leakage was well avoided, and corruption could be prevented to a certain extent, so that bidders could eliminate the influence of human factors through their own efforts; In addition, the adoption of bottomless bidding can also separate subjective factors from bid evaluation conditions, improve the transparency of bid evaluation, and then lay a good foundation for ensuring the fairness of bid evaluation results of construction projects. This method has certain advantages in bidding, but it also has limitations, which need the tenderer to pay attention to in practical work: it is difficult to guarantee its price to some extent because the bidding method without reserve price does not prepare the reserve price. In order to obtain more economic benefits in practical work, some bidders blindly reduce their prices in bidding. After winning the bid, in order to ensure their own economic benefits, they reduce the quality of materials, invest artificially, extend the construction period, or ask the employer to increase funds for various reasons, which makes the bidding work of construction projects a mere formality and cannot really play its significance. Therefore, we should treat its significance dialectically when applying the method without base price in construction project bidding.
2. The lowest bid evaluation method. The so-called evaluated lowest price method mainly refers to the fact that it should meet the substantive requirements of the bidding documents, and the evaluated bid price is the lowest, except that the bid price is lower than the enterprise's own cost. The lowest bid price is not necessarily the lowest bid price. Compared with the non-base price method, the lowest price method after evaluation has higher requirements for the quality of work in the early stage of bidding. Therefore, in the specific work link, it is necessary to strengthen the pre-qualification of bidding enterprises, so as to better ensure that the short-listed units in the bidding are all construction units with high qualifications, good reputation and strong ability to complete the project independently. However, a perfect clarification system should be established in the application of the lowest bid evaluation method. The purpose of establishing a perfect clarification system is to give bidders whose bid price is lower than the cost price an opportunity to clarify. In this link, if the bidder can't reasonably explain the bid price below the cost price or can't provide effective proof materials, it can be determined that the bidder bids below the cost price and should be treated as a waste bid. On the contrary, if the bidder can reasonably explain that the bid price is lower than the cost from the aspects of construction technology or construction materials, it should be given a certain high score. After a lot of practical research, it is found that the lowest price method after evaluation is more suitable for bidding projects with general technical and performance standards or no special requirements. Therefore, in the bidding work of construction projects, reasonable selection of bidding methods can further ensure the smooth development of the bidding work of construction projects, and ultimately promote the construction units to obtain good economic benefits on a reasonable basis.
3. Comprehensive scoring method. Comprehensive evaluation method mainly refers to the comprehensive evaluation and quantitative evaluation by bid evaluation experts in strict accordance with the factors specified in the bidding documents on the premise of meeting the substantive requirements of the bidding documents to the maximum extent, and the bidder with the highest total score in the final evaluation will become the winning candidate or the winning bidder of the construction project. The main factors that affect the bid evaluation by the comprehensive evaluation method include: bid quotation, construction organization design, qualification, reputation, financial status, service level, degree of influence on bid documents and corresponding weights. In the bidding work of construction projects, the comprehensive scoring method is widely used, which is a widely used bid evaluation method in China's construction industry, especially for large-scale projects with large scale, technical difficulties and complex construction conditions. The comprehensive scoring method combines the influence of price, technology and other factors to the greatest extent, and also reflects the relevant requirements of the bidding documents of construction projects relatively objectively, which can comprehensively evaluate the overall strength of bidders. Most bidders put forward the quotation decision based on the business purpose of capital preservation and low profit, and make a reasonable quotation according to the scoring standard. This way can improve the bidding ability and effectively avoid the economic losses caused by unfair low-price competition to the tenderer. However, it should be noted that the application of comprehensive scoring method is greatly influenced by personal subjective factors. In addition to the fairness of quotation, other criteria of comprehensive scoring method will be more or less influenced by personal subjective factors. Among them, the working ability, working attitude and professional ethics of bid evaluation experts are all important influencing factors.
To sum up, in the process of the rapid development of China's market economy, in order to improve the management level of construction projects, improving the bid evaluation methods in construction project bidding is an important part of promoting the reform of China's construction management system. Bid evaluation is the core content of construction project bidding, and fairness, justice, science and merit selection are effective magic weapons to ensure the interests of both bidding and tendering parties. Therefore, in the development of construction projects, we should attach great importance to the importance of bid evaluation methods in the bidding of construction projects in combination with the actual situation of project development, and further promote the improvement of construction project management level.
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