Cultivation techniques 1. Choose fertile loam and plough it dry after the last harvest. The deeper, the better, which is conducive to the downward extension, straightness, smoothness and no bifurcation of the roots. Fertilize 450 ~ 600 kg per hectare, plough once after the base fertilizer is spread evenly, and rake it carefully and level it to form the border. In order to sow. 2. The main propagation mode is seed propagation, the seed germination rate is 70%, the temperature is 16-2 1 degree, and the humidity is appropriate, and seedlings can emerge after 5 days of sowing. Spring sowing, summer sowing and autumn sowing. Spring sowing is from late March to early April, summer sowing is from late May to early June, and autumn sowing is from late August to early September. The method is basically the same. Just water the frozen water once before freezing in autumn to protect the seedlings from overwintering. On the prepared border, shallow furrows of about 4.5 cm are cut according to the row spacing of 23-26 cm, and seeds are evenly spread into the furrows, with the covering soil of 0.6- 1 cm and the sowing amount of 22.5-30 kg per hectare. 3. When collecting Radix Isatidis, select root strips with no pests and diseases, strong taproots and no bifurcation as seeds, and transplant them into the seedling field according to the row spacing of 50 cm * 26 ~ 33 cm. Strengthen management after watering, and spread a thin layer of horse manure or manure to prevent cold before freezing. Water and loosen the soil in time when the seedlings turn green in the second year. Top dressing should be applied when the height of seedlings is 6 cm, which is beneficial to the vigorous growth of seedlings. Top dressing should be done again when bolting and flowering. When the seeds are ripe in May, they should be cut, dried and threshed. If the seeds are harvested, the roots will be lignified and cannot be used as medicine. 4. Intercropping can intercrop vegetables and corn in the reserved land, corn can be intercropped on the ridge of 66 cm, and plants such as Platycodon grandiflorum and Saposhnikovia divaricata can also be intercropped, making full use of the characteristics of different harvest seasons and plants and intercropping according to local conditions. 5. Field management: When the seedling height is about 6 cm, it is necessary to interplant, replant and weed in time, generally 3-4 times, loosen the soil, set the spacing between seedlings at 6- 10 cm, apply fertilizer once in May, and apply ammonium sulfate 150 kg and urea11per hectare. If 0.6 ~ 7.5 kg cake fertilizer is applied per hectare. Chopping Isatis indigotica leaves, and applying fertilizer for the second time. With sufficient water and fertilizer, Isatis indigotica leaves grow well. Generally, water them 6 ~ 7 times. 6. Pest control (1) Downy mildew mainly harms leaves, producing white or grayish white mildew spots on the back of leaves, and the disease level is not obvious, which can turn leaves yellow in severe cases. Prevention and control methods: burning diseased plants after harvest to reduce overwintering bacteria. Before and at the beginning of the disease, 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution or 500 times solution of 65% zineb wettable powder should be used for prevention and treatment, and attention should be paid to ventilation, light transmission and drainage. (2) Pieris rapae and its larvae do harm to leaves, eating them into holes and nicks, leaving only veins in severe cases. Control methods: after the roots are harvested, the aboveground parts are burned intensively, and the larvae are sprayed with 90% trichlorfon 800 times or 2.5% skin spring EC 500 ~ 800 times. Aphids: spray with 200 times dimethoate solution. (5) The harvesting time is different due to different sowing dates. If the seeds of Isatis indigotica planted in autumn bloom in May of the following year, and the seeds gradually mature from the end of May to June, when the seeds turn black, cut them, dry them, thresh them, put them in cloth bags or sacks, and put them in a ventilated, cool and dry place, or re-sow them immediately. For the seeds sown in spring, when the seedling height is 1.6 ~ 20 cm, the leaves are cut for the first time in June. If the cutting distance is 1.6 ~ 2.6 cm from the base, new leaves will be cut in August. If a small amount of cultivation, you can pick the leaves around and stay in the middle to grow. 10 Dig Banlangen at the bottom, dig a deep ditch about 50-60 cm on the side when planing the root, and plan along the ditch to avoid damaging the root. After planing, remove the soil, air dry 60% to 70%, bundle into small bundles, air dry again, and collect 2250 ~ 3000 kg of dry roots per hectare. Isatis indigotica is the root of Isatis indigotica in Cruciferae. Isatis indigotica is a biennial herb with a plant height of 50- 100cm. Smooth powder cream The roots are thick, nearly conical, 2-3 cm in diameter and 20-30 cm in length. The surface is khaki, the horizontal stripes are short, and there are a few fibrous roots. The basal leaves are rosette-shaped, oblong to broadly oblanceolate, 5-15cm long and1.5-4cm wide, with blunt apex, entire margin, or slightly shallowly toothed, and rounded lobes or inconspicuous; The leaves at the top of the stem are wide and strip-shaped, all-round and sessile. Racemes are terminal or axillary, forming a cone at the top of branches; Sepals 4, broadly ovate or broadly lanceolate, 2-3 mm long; Petals 4, yellow, broadly wedge-shaped, 3-4 mm long, nearly truncated at the top, with entire margin, and inconspicuous short claws at the base; Stamens 6 and 4 are long and 2 short, long stamens 3-3.2 mm long and short stamens 2-2.2 mm long; Pistil 1, ovary nearly cylindrical, style boundary not obvious, stigma truncated. Silique is nearly rectangular, flat and hairless, with membranous wings at the edge, especially with wide wings at both ends, and fruit petals with midvein. 1 seed, rectangular, light brown. The flowering period is April-May and the fruiting period is May-June. Like wet and warm environment, cold resistance, fear of waterlogging and other biological characteristics, it is advisable to choose sandy loam with good drainage and loose fertility. Cultivation techniques, seed propagation. Spring sowing is from late March to early April, and summer sowing is not later than June. Drill, ditching, row spacing of 20cm, covering with soil of 2-3cm, using 30-45kg of seeds every 65,438+0hm2, the germination rate of seeds is 70%, keeping the soil moist at 65,438+06-265,438+0℃ for 5-6 days, and pressing 3 when the seedlings are 2-3cm long. Topdressing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer according to soil nutrients during the growth period. When harvesting roots in the current year, if seeds are reserved, healthy roots with no disease and disability are selected at the time of harvesting, and the row spacing is 50cm×25cm. They are moved to the seed-reserved field, watered after planting, and wintered in cold at the end of June 165438+. In the second year, water, loosen soil and fertilize in time. The seeds are ripe in May-June, picked and dried. In recent years, it has been found that planting high-level furrows can increase the yield by about 20% d, and make high-level furrows with a width of 50cm, a height of 1.5-20cm, a furrow spacing of 15cm, and a depth of 2-3cm. After planting, cover them flat and slightly press them, water them and wet the furrow surface. It can avoid root rot caused by accumulated water in rainy season.
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