Goldfish farming has a long history in China. As early as the Southern Song Dynasty, keeping goldfish in the palaces and courtyards of dignitaries was widely popular. At that time, goldfish was only a senior pet of the royal family and could not enter the homes of ordinary people. With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standards, goldfish farming has spread to thousands of households and become a common pet in modern times.
According to the different forms and locations, goldfish in family farming are generally divided into three categories: courtyard farming, balcony roof farming and aquarium farming.
Rectangular aquariums in China are not suitable for raising more because of their small size, but it is not suitable for raising more with less. For example, in a container with a length of 40 cm, a width of 25 cm and a height of 30 cm, you can raise 6 to 8 small goldfish with a length of 5 to 7 cm. For example, a round glass jar with a diameter of 26 cm and a height of 13 cm can raise 4 ~ 6 small goldfish with a diameter of 4 ~ 6 cm. Adult fish with a body length of more than 8 cm should not be kept in small glass tanks, but in luxurious large glass tanks or ceramic tanks, and equipped with small oxygenators for standby to prevent hypoxia. These stocking densities are only reference figures, but also depend on the level of water temperature, the strength of fish and the quality of water, which cannot be determined mechanically. Generally speaking, there are large fish and few animals. Raise more in winter and less in summer; You can raise more when the water temperature is low, and raise less when the water temperature is high.
Courtyard farming: refers to the cultivation of goldfish in small ponds in villas and family farms, with strange stones and herbs, which not only cultivates self-cultivation, but also beautifies the environment and makes people feel happy.
Balcony roof farming: generally in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, many people use this method. It is necessary to waterproof the pond to prevent water leakage, set up a sunshade to prevent the water temperature from being too high when the sun shines directly in summer, and design a reservoir and a working channel next to the aquaculture pond.
Aquarium culture: goldfish lovers are generally willing to choose aquarium to raise fish, which is economical and convenient to appreciate. When the living room at home is not wide, putting a fish tank in the corner can add a lot of interest to the room.
On the ratio of the size of the sink to the number of goldfish
water channel
Small goldfish
Medium goldfish
Big goldfish
60cm large sink
Article 10
Article 6
3.
90cm large sink
Article 15
Eight articles
Article 5
It is best not to put it in an unstable place, above electrical appliances, in direct sunlight, next to heaters or electric furnaces, away from tap water or power supply, where it is not easy to see. ※.
In order to keep the water fresh, the feeding amount should be strictly timed and quantified. It is advisable to feed 1 ~ 2 times a day. If it is twice, it is sooner or later 1 time. The feeding amount should be eaten in half an hour. Don't feed too much bait. There are two hazards: first, the fish is full, the metabolic level is improved, and the oxygen consumption is increased, which is easy to cause hypoxia and suffocation. Second, the bait is left, which is easy to rot and ferment, making the water quality worse and causing hypoxia. Many people don't know enough about this problem, and they are afraid that goldfish will not have enough to eat, and they will often be overfeeded. As a result, the water quality will deteriorate and they will die of lack of oxygen, which must be taken as a warning. In fact, goldfish are hungry, and there will be no problem if they are not fed for a week or two.
"Water" uses water in three different orders: drying water, changing water and adding water. Goldfish are most afraid of the cold water newly pumped from the well, so they must pass through the sun. The duration of sunlight exposure depends on the species. For delicate fish such as "looking up to the sky" and "turning their cheeks", they must be in contact with water for a few days, which is called "old water". In addition, day pearl fish and egg fish can contact water for one day, except blue longan fish. Fish tanks should be arranged in two rows, and the water should be changed from line A to line B within one day. Change the water in line B every two days, then catch line A and switch with each other. But we should also pay attention to the special needs of some fish for water, which is not wrong. Don't put the goldfish in the shade in front, it must be sunny. When it is extremely hot in summer, in addition to a few delicate fish, it is necessary to supplement some raw water that has not been dried thoroughly, sometimes in the morning and evening. More attention should be paid to the "water" of fish. In 24 hours a day, the weather is the most boring after the fourth watch and the fifth watch. When the fish floats on the water in a sweltering heat, people must get up to replenish fresh water, otherwise the goldfish will die or get sick. Every morning and evening, fish excrement, dead insects and dirt in the basin should be removed, and the basin water cannot be completely replaced. As for removing fish lice and treating fish diseases, there are many ways.
How to prevent goldfish from getting sick?
Goldfish live in water, and once they get sick, it is difficult to treat and isolate them. So early prevention is an important measure to prevent goldfish from getting sick.
The steps of goldfish disease prevention are as follows:
(1) Sunbathing: regularly disinfect and tan the fish tank (pool) and all utensils with drugs such as potassium permanganate or trichlorfon in combination with thorough water change.
(2) Stop eating: Don't feed rotten feed, especially red worms that stink and die. The feeding amount should be based on the principle of eating less and eating more. We should cultivate the good habit of eating regularly and keep the water clean. Once the goldfish gets sick, stop feeding immediately.
(3) Regular disinfection with drugs: in combination with the complete water change time (7 ~ 15 days), the goldfish is bathed with 2% salt solution or furacilin or furazolidone (furazolidone) water solution 10 ~ 15 minutes. Usually, feed water can be put into salt at the ratio of110000 or 1/5000 to prevent diseases. You can also put 0. 1 ~ 0.2g of furacilin or furazolidone tablets into 50kg of water to prevent diseases. Especially in rainy season, disease prevention is more important.
Sesame-like white spots appeared on the body surface and fins of goldfish, which gradually spread to the whole body and eventually died. So, what should we do? 2 ~ 3 days, raise the water temperature to 30 degrees. Potassium permanganate is a disinfectant and very effective. It is recommended to take medicine and get more sunshine, and the water temperature should be the same when changing water. After the white spots disappear, you can insist on using some water purifying agents every day, and the white spots will be completely cured.
Buying goldfish in winter is more learned than in other seasons, because the water temperature changes in spring, summer and autumn are relatively smaller than in winter. Due to the cold weather in winter, the vendors selling goldfish failed to control the water temperature well, resulting in a sharp drop in water temperature, which will have a great impact on the swim bladder of goldfish and easily cause swim bladder diseases. In winter, if you are careful with your fish friends, you will find some goldfish with their bellies facing the sky. Although such goldfish will survive for a while, they will lose their ornamental value. Some fishmongers lowered the water level in the basin. At this time, the sick goldfish will not hang upside down on the water like other normal goldfish. You can't tell if you don't pay attention At this time, the candidate goldfish must pay attention not to choose sick fish to go home. It is cold in winter, and the water surface often freezes when selling fish outdoors. Because the water area is very small, the scales of goldfish will be easily scraped off by ice stubble when swimming or fishing. If the scales fall off in a large area, goldfish will be difficult to care for. It should also be noted that goldfish will be easily frostbitten in winter. If you find red blood on the surface of fish, don't buy such fish. Another thing to mention is, buy goldfish home, don't put them in the fish tank immediately, because the water temperature in the bag is very different from that in your fish tank. The correct way is to put the bag with the goldfish in the fish tank first, and then fish the goldfish into the fish tank after the water temperature in the bag is the same as that in the fish tank.
The newly bought goldfish had better be kept alone for a period of time, and then put together with the original fish. If the newly bought goldfish has germs, it will soon infect the whole tank of fish. Therefore, before putting the newly bought fish into the main fish tank, it is necessary to ensure that they have no problems after one to two weeks.
Most goldfish sold by fish come from professional fishing grounds. Fishing grounds are large in waters, and all of them have measures to increase oxygen. If you buy it home and put it in a fish tank, the living environment will become smaller and it will easily lead to hypoxia. The best solution is to use oxygen-increasing equipment or not to have too many goldfish in the fish tank. Don't rush to feed goldfish, because feeding goldfish immediately after long-distance trafficking is easy to cause intestinal diseases of goldfish, fish are prone to lack of oxygen after eating, excreta is easy to cause water quality deterioration, and it is most likely to lead to dead fish. The correct way is to start feeding the fish two to three days after they adapt to the new environment, feed less each time, and increase the feeding amount on the premise of ensuring the fish to be normal. It is best to use full-price feed with complete nutrients for artificial pellet feed, which is sold in the market.
How to tell the sex of goldfish
Most people like to keep goldfish in pairs, because even numbers are auspicious, and pairs also have the meaning of happiness. On the other hand, some farmers want to do some breeding, in order to further explore the knowledge of goldfish growth and development and the fun of raising fish in the process of breeding.
In order to accurately distinguish between male and female goldfish, besides mastering the basic essentials introduced in books, it is more important to carefully observe the differences of external morphology and swimming of different goldfish varieties, as well as the changes of external morphology of goldfish in different periods during long-term feeding.
Male and female goldfish are mainly distinguished from the following aspects:
(A) the difference between external forms:
(1) Body size difference: Generally speaking, male goldfish are slightly longer, while female goldfish are slightly shorter and rounder. The abdomen of female fish is larger than that of male fish during spawning.
(2) The difference of tail stalk: the male fish is slightly stronger than the female fish.
(3) Difference of pectoral fin: Careful observation shows that the male fish is slightly longer, and the first fin of pectoral fin is thicker and harder; The female fish is short and round, and the first fin of pectoral fin is not too hard.
(4) The difference of spawning holes: From the belly up, the spawning holes of male fish are small, long and narrow and concave; The spawning hole of female fish is larger, slightly round and protruding outward.
(2) Color difference: The body color of male and female goldfish is slightly different. Males are usually brightly colored, while females are slightly lighter. During the reproductive and developmental period, males are more brightly colored.
(3) Touch and feeling: Hold the fish's abdomen gently with your hands. The middle finger and ring finger feel that the male fish's abdomen has obvious hard lines, and the female fish's abdomen is soft. When walking by the fish pond, the male fish swims fast and agile, while the female fish moves slowly.
(4) Idyllization: With the increase of temperature, goldfish will have a second characteristic-idolization of spawning period, which is the easiest and most accurate time to identify the sex of goldfish and the easiest method to master. Male fish occasionally appear on the first thorn of pectoral fin and the edge of gill cover. Many times, there are idolize on each fin of the whole pectoral fin, and the front end is obvious, so you can only observe it carefully at the back. This rough little white dot is idolized.
Using the above identification methods, we must rely on years of feeding experience and careful observation at ordinary times to accurately identify the male and female goldfish.