1. As the main application field of information technology, e-commerce is becoming a new growth point of national economy in the future. The leading technology of e-commerce is information technology, and its development will drive the development of a number of information industries and information services, promote the adjustment of economic structure, and thus promote economic development. By the beginning of 200 1, the American economy had grown by 109 months, making it the longest economic growth period in American history. The sustained growth of American economy is inseparable from the development of information industry. The contribution rate of information industry growth to American economic growth has exceeded 35%, and the United States has taken the lead in entering the era of knowledge economy. The high-tech industry, led by the information industry, has become the main driving force for the sustained growth of the American economy. In the securities market, since 1998 10, the American Nasdaq stock index has been climbing all the way, and broke through the 5000-point mark in early March this year. According to the World Bank's estimation, countries will compete fiercely to attract capital to build information infrastructure in the future.
2. E-commerce links information, network, bioengineering and other high-tech industries, giving birth to a huge market and unlimited business opportunities. With the rapid development of the Internet, the market has broken through national boundaries and territories, enabling enterprises or businesses to establish a global business marketing network and gain unlimited global business space. In the next 10 year, the global13 international trade will be completed in the form of internet trade. The huge market and unlimited business opportunities show huge commercial profits.
3. Enterprises gain global competitive advantage with the help of new means of e-commerce. One of the characteristics of the new economy is technological innovation, with endless inventions and rapid inventions; High-tech industrialization is fast and capital market efficiency is high. A word "fast" means "fast" and "slow". "Fast" is expressed by information. Whoever can get the information quickly will win. Information has become the most important strategic resource in the information age. Enterprises use e-commerce to implement global business strategy, strengthen inter-industry cooperation around the world, and enhance global competitiveness. Especially for small enterprises or industries, understanding the worldwide market demand through e-commerce and promoting cooperation with companies around the world can form larger and more effective economies of scale and make enterprises more competitive.
4. In order to adapt to the new business model, the production organization and management mode of enterprises have changed, which greatly improves the production and management efficiency and international competitiveness of enterprises and makes international enterprises even more powerful and icing on the cake. Network, communication and information technology connect e-commerce with customers, vendors, suppliers and employees in a maximized network way, so that both the supply and demand sides can obtain the most appropriate market information at the most appropriate time, greatly promote the economic activities of both the supply and demand sides and reduce transaction costs and operating costs. For example, North American car dealers can save 1 billion dollars every year by selling cars through the Internet. At present,13 of American airport tickets are sold through the internet, and the handling fee for each ticket is only $65,438 +0.
The brand-new business model will have an important impact on human social life. E-commerce is a business activity in virtual space, which is a fundamental revolution to traditional business activities and will bring profound changes to human social, political and cultural life. In the new economy, information technology makes the economy based on knowledge, the way of human communication changes, the communication distance disappears, the continuous innovation of operation mode makes the economy and society full of vitality, and technological innovation constantly creates new market demand, induces new production and competition, and promotes the continuous development of the economy. Information is represented by numbers. A large number of digital information is compressed and transmitted at the speed of light, and the information becomes digital and communicated through the network. From invention, design and planning, production and sales to after-sales service, it will be more and more closely linked with the network, and digital computer networks will produce new forms of wealth. When the network bandwidth is increased enough to undertake complete multimedia (including data, text, audio, images and video media), human beings will be able to communicate in time and space and observe and understand the development process of things from a new perspective. Creativity, information and technology have become an indispensable part of products. The knowledge connotation of products and services has increased. Knowledge becomes the most critical factor of production; Knowledge products are more widely used in social life; Lifelong learning and the pursuit of knowledge have become the first need for the survival and development of members of society.
Second, the status quo and problems of e-commerce in China
1. After long-term construction, China's communication network has formed a network pattern consisting of electronic network, data network, mobile network, image network and multimedia network. 200 1 year 1 month, the export bandwidth of China Telecom will be increased from 1000MHZ to1000 MHz. The total network bandwidth will reach 2.5GB, and the national telephone network has been programmed, with the installed capacity of fixed telephones exceeding 654.38 billion, mobile telephones exceeding 50 million and pagers exceeding 76 million. The TV network basically covers the whole country, with more than 300 million sets. With the diversified development of communication network, optical fiber, microwave and satellite communication have formed a backbone communication network that integrates heaven and earth and complements each other.
By publishing, exchanging and obtaining information through the Internet, the world's largest information exchange center, developing countries and developed countries can get equal opportunities for development. Our government established China International Electronic Commerce Center in February 1996, the State Council established the Electronic Information System Promotion Office in February 1997, and established the China Electronic Data Interchange Technical Committee with eight ministries, so e-commerce started in China. China's first self-developed e-commerce CA security certification system has passed the national technical appraisal, is expanding the pilot scope, and the national e-commerce development overall framework has been drawn up; 1999 became the "government online year".
At present, online stores, shopping malls, specialty stores, auction shops, online booking, travel, education, medical care and other e-commerce websites as well as various e-commerce information and trading websites are constantly emerging in China. Developed areas have expanded from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou to major cities along the coast and inland. With the entry of overseas venture capital, it has promoted the development of domestic websites. Sina, Sohu, 8848 and Alibaba have successively received tens of millions of dollars of investment at home and abroad. The government actively supports the development of e-commerce. 1999 at the APEC meeting, President proposed that the Asia-Pacific region should unite to promote e-commerce. The normative framework scheme of e-commerce laws, systems and standards in China, hosted by the National Information Office, has basically taken shape, and the implementation outline of e-commerce development in China is being formulated. China Construction Bank, China Bank and China Merchants Bank have successively launched online payment, and the e-commerce financial certification (CA) center built by the People's Bank of China will soon be launched, and the research and formulation process of the successively issued e-commerce laws and regulations is also stepping up.
2. The main problems of e-commerce development in China. (1) The network infrastructure is backward. This is mainly manifested in: narrow network bandwidth, low access rate, poor network operation quality, high telecom cost, especially the backward delivery and settlement foundation as an e-commerce platform, and insufficient supply of software and hardware products and technical services required by domestic e-commerce. (2) Lack of reliable security mechanism. Security is the key factor to ensure the healthy and orderly development of e-commerce. At present, network security has not yet formed a complete system in the world. China's e-commerce related security technology is generally not strong enough, and there are great hidden dangers in security management. (3) Enterprises and consumers lack understanding of e-commerce. The application of e-commerce in China can't bring obvious benefits to enterprises and consumers. Enterprises and consumers lack understanding of the Internet and e-commerce, have outdated concepts, and are not interested in surfing the Internet and applying e-commerce, which makes it difficult for the e-commerce market to become a climate. The comprehensive popularization of e-commerce in China is bound to form a perfect social credit system, lacking safe electronic payment means, especially the safe settlement of funds between enterprises. (4) The level of logistics modernization is low, and there is no supporting commercial automation, informationization, logistics distribution and supply chain system. (5) There are no sound legal norms and standards. Network marketing, paperless trade, replacing traditional seals with digital signatures, signing electronic contracts and issuing electronic invoices will inevitably bring a series of legal problems. These problems need the cooperation of information industry, circulation industry and financial industry, and the unified coordination of government departments to solve them. (6) The development of Internet in China is very uneven. Due to the special geographical and cultural environment, Beijing has gathered a large number of party, government and military organs, colleges, universities, enterprises, foreign embassies, trading companies and so on. , so there are 2 1.02% netizens, Guangdong has 1 1.77%, followed by Shanghai and Jiangsu. As a developing country, there is still a big gap between China's e-commerce environment and foreign countries. The development of e-commerce is still in the initial stage, such as the application and certification of technical means such as security, payment and distribution, and the formulation of standards and norms such as laws. China not only needs to solve the * * * problems in the development of global e-commerce, but also needs to solve a series of unique problems: for example, the infrastructure and supporting environment of e-commerce need to be integrated, standardized and improved urgently; The degree of enterprise informatization is low, and the depth of enterprise development and individual participation in e-commerce needs to be further expanded; Informatization policies, especially standards, laws and regulations related to the development of e-commerce, need to be improved; The social credit system is not perfect, international language communication is blocked, and e-commerce technicians are short of answers.
Third, the future prospects of e-commerce development in China
The countermeasures for developing e-commerce in China are to make long-term plans and implement them step by step according to financial resources and national conditions. This is a road to the development of e-commerce with China characteristics.
1. Establish the primary system of e-commerce in China and speed up the legal construction of e-commerce. The legal and administrative problems faced by e-commerce will not be much different from traditional commerce. Under the condition of market economy, the important function of the government is to support, serve and promote; Development, prosperity, standardization, guidance and standardization. The government should strengthen the policy research on e-commerce, and strive to issue a series of policy documents to regulate the current blind and chaotic situation, so that the business community, the press, consumers and relevant government departments can have a * * * understanding of the development of e-commerce in China.
2. Establish a good supporting environment and strengthen information construction from three aspects: the state, enterprises and individuals. In order to promote the development of e-commerce, the government must take the lead in adopting the form and technology of e-commerce to build some demonstration projects, and at the same time adopt the method of e-government to adapt to e-commerce, improve people's information awareness, and actively promote enterprises to carry out e-commerce.
3. Give full play to its own advantages, take the initiative to connect with the international community, encourage international cooperation in the field of e-commerce, and keep up with international advanced technologies.
Facing the new problems in the development of world economy and trade, China should seriously study the countermeasures to develop e-commerce, actively participate in international negotiations on e-commerce issues, and put forward favorable business rules for us. Starting from the need to improve the international competitiveness of China's e-commerce, we should do a good job in technology and legislation as soon as possible, make use of existing domestic advantages, connect with the international community, and promote the development of other industries.
4. Make scientific predictions and tackle key problems selectively, select key technologies in a targeted manner, and make predictions and tackle key problems as much as possible. The development of e-commerce in China depends on self-reliance, and according to its own actual situation, the limited financial resources are used to introduce foreign key technologies and equipment. It is important to digest, absorb, innovate and predict the future, so that China's information technology industry can catch up with developed countries quickly.
5. Focus on demonstration project construction, and comprehensively promote it from point to area. First of all, promote e-commerce in some areas where management and operation characteristics are more suitable for e-commerce, and then drive other enterprises on the basis of success. Secondly, coastal cities, provincial capitals and central cities with relatively developed economies, relatively high degree of informatization and favorable demand for e-commerce should be encouraged to seize the opportunity to develop various forms of e-commerce and give play to its demonstration effect, so as to promote it to other regions. Third, we should gradually expand the proportion of e-commerce in the combination of e-commerce and traditional commerce, so that the problems that e-commerce can't solve can be solved by traditional commerce first, so that the start and development of e-commerce will be easier.
6. Accelerate the construction of e-commerce infrastructure and implement e-commerce supporting facilities. E-commerce is based on information infrastructure. Without a complete and advanced communication infrastructure and advanced information equipment connected with the communication infrastructure, the development of e-commerce can only be empty talk. The level of infrastructure construction in China is still very poor, and the quality of communication services and tariffs are still obstacles to the development of e-commerce activities. Therefore, we must speed up the construction of high-speed broadband Internet, realize the integration of image, communication network and multimedia network, make the development of e-commerce in China have a good network platform and operating environment, and minimize consumers' online expenses. We should also introduce strong laws, regulations and policies to break the "telecom monopoly" and provide a good development environment for e-commerce.
7. Cultivate professionals in the field of e-commerce. The development of e-commerce needs the support of a large number of high-tech talents, such as network technicians, network planners and e-commerce engineers. Therefore, we must strengthen science and technology education, speed up the training of domestic e-commerce talents, create a relaxed personnel mechanism, and improve the employment environment of domestic high-tech talents. Cultivate professionals who know both economic management and information technology; Set up e-commerce economic management and e-commerce application technology majors; Carry out international cooperation and vigorously introduce foreign talents. Take the way of sending out and inviting in, cultivate compound senior talents in e-commerce, send overseas students and encourage overseas students to return to work. You can hire experts or invite lectures to increase exchanges and improve the level of domestic personnel.
Looking forward to the future of the new economy, with the development of network economy, the improvement of the openness of telecommunications and network markets, and the acceleration of the development of information product manufacturing, the construction of network infrastructure such as basic transmission network, broadband access network, radio and television network and mobile communication network will be accelerated; The production and development of independent brands of servers, high-speed routers, network switching equipment, network access equipment, personal handheld information terminal networks and information security products, network control and network management systems, as well as the industrialization of high-performance computers and ultra-high-speed network systems will be greatly developed. Because e-commerce has created a new business model, which is fast, effective and wide in choice, it is loved by merchants and consumers. The particularity of the operating platform on which e-commerce depends makes the global development of e-commerce inevitable. It is reasonable to believe that with the establishment of international rules of e-commerce, e-commerce will eventually change people's life concepts and lifestyles, and will become the main business model to guide the development of global economy and trade in the next century.