Access to roads and capital, transportation is the pioneer of economic and social development. In the 40 years of the development of special economic zones, transportation has maintained rapid development. At present, Shenzhen has built a comprehensive transportation management system with land, sea, air and rail. Shenzhen Port has become a world-class container hub port, and the construction of Shenzhen International Aviation Hub has developed rapidly. Logistics has become one of the four pillar industries in Shenzhen. The national highway and railway hub has been basically completed, and the construction of transit metropolis is leading in the country.
Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Shenzhen Communications has accelerated the pace of reform and development, faced up to the problems, courageously tackled some problems that have long been wanted to be solved but have no conditions to be solved, planned the future urban external access system in advance, and further optimized the planning and layout of trunk road networks. The overall framework of Shenzhen international comprehensive transportation hub facing the new era has taken shape, providing support and guidance for economic and social development.
Architectural integration
Integrated transportation management system
In order to ensure the rapid development of traffic, Shenzhen has been exploring and trying the traffic management system. 1984, Shenzhen took the lead in reforming the comprehensive transportation management system, and established the Transportation Office of Shenzhen Municipal People's Government, which centralized the coordination function of land, sea, air and rail transportation modes and the post and telecommunications management in the municipal transportation department. 1988, the Transportation Office of Shenzhen Municipal People's Government was renamed as Shenzhen Transportation Bureau. 200 1 adjusted to Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Transportation.
In 2009, in order to speed up the construction of comprehensive traffic system, comprehensive road network system and traffic integration inside and outside the Special Zone, and ensure the smooth flow of urban roads, the Municipal Traffic Commission was established to be responsible for the planning, construction, management and law enforcement of the city's traffic, taking the lead in establishing a truly "one city, one traffic" integrated comprehensive traffic management system in the country.
20 19 According to the unified deployment of the superior, the Municipal Transportation Commission was renamed as the Municipal Transportation Bureau in the new round of institutional reform. Optimize the establishment of the highway department and other departments in the bureau, and strengthen the overall coordination ability of road property, road right protection, port shipping development and road freight safety supervision; Strengthen the construction of traffic law enforcement agencies, strengthen the organic integration of industry management and comprehensive law enforcement, and provide strong support and guarantee for building a modern international comprehensive transportation system and a high-quality, efficient and highly integrated urban traffic operation system at a new starting point in the new era.
Land, sea and air railways
Accelerate the construction of external channel system.
In the early stage of Shenzhen's development, it paid attention to the construction of external channels, and started from the construction of Shekou port, which opened the prelude to the construction of Shenzhen port. Now, after 40 years of construction and development, Shenzhen Port has become a container hub port in South China, a world-famous container port, and the most important and largest foreign trade gateway in South China and even the whole country. At present, the annual cargo throughput of Shenzhen Port has increased to 258 million tons, and the annual container throughput has increased to 25.77 million TEUs, making it the first choice for the berthing of super-large container ships in the world. By the end of the second quarter of 2020, Shenzhen Port has opened 2 19 international container liner routes to more than 300 ports in more than 100 countries and regions.
199 1 Shenzhen Baoan International Airport has also developed rapidly. The passenger route network reaches 190 cities at home and abroad, carrying more than 560 million passengers, and has become a window for special economic zones to connect with the world. Since the opening of navigation, the growth rate of passenger and cargo throughput of Shenzhen Baoan International Airport is much higher than the economic growth rate, creating the "Shenzhen speed" in the history of civil aviation development. Especially since 20 16, Shenzhen has accelerated the construction of an international aviation hub, accelerated the opening of air passenger and cargo transport routes connecting Europe, America, Australia and other places, and built a passenger and cargo transport network facing the Asia-Pacific region and radiating the whole world. Up to now, Shenzhen Baoan International Airport has an annual passenger throughput of more than 50 million passengers, and its passenger and cargo business ranks among the top 30 airports in the world. The route network of Shenzhen Baoan International Airport covers five continents: Asia, Europe, America, Australia and Africa, and international passenger routes reach 60 cities around the world.
When the railway rings, there are two thousand gold. Up to now, there are six railways in Shenzhen, including Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong High-speed Railway, xiamen-shenzhen railway, guangzhou-shenzhen railway and Guangzhou-Shenzhen Intercity Railway, with a total operating mileage of about 193 km, an average daily passenger volume of 223,700 passengers and an average daily freight volume of 3 197 tons. Among them, the high-speed railway118km and12hr with a speed of over 200km/h has covered North China, Northwest China, Southwest China, Central China, East China and South China. The master plan of Shenzhen Railway Hub has been approved, and the integration of high-speed rail and intercity railway is accelerating. It is planned to add about162km of Jiangxi-Shenzhen Railway, Shenmao Railway, Xili-Guangming City Railway and Shenshan Railway. In the first half of this year, the Guangzhou-Shenzhen intercity railway from Shenzhen Airport to Qianhai started construction. In the second half of this year, Shenzhen plans to start five intercity railway projects one after another.
Forty years ago, there were only 72 1 km expressways in Shenzhen, and most of the roads were gravel and sand. In the 40-year development, Shenzhen has planned to build an urban road network from a high starting point, and has planned a "ten horizontal and thirteen vertical" expressway network system. By the end of 20 19, the total mileage of managed roads in Shenzhen was 8066 km, and the road network density reached 8.4 km/km2. The construction of Shenzhen Expressway has been fully rolled out, and a number of national trunk highways such as Guangzhou-Shenzhen Expressway, Jihe Expressway and Huiyan Expressway have been completed and opened to traffic. The construction of the outer ring expressway and the deep middle passage was accelerated. The city has built 552 kilometers of expressway, and the expressway under construction 158 kilometers, of which 168 kilometers is under preliminary planning and design. Shenzhen is also accelerating the compound construction of expressways, exploring the subsidence and reconstruction of ground and elevated trunk roads, and building a three-dimensional transportation network to help the economy and society take off in an all-round way.
Urban public transport
The average daily passenger flow exceeds10 million person-times.
Vigorously developing public transportation is an inevitable choice for the sustainable development of transportation in megacities, and it is also a livelihood fact involving citizens' daily travel. Shenzhen is making every effort to build a comprehensive bus passenger transport network with rail transit as the main body, supplemented by various buses and moderate competition, continuously improving rail coverage, optimizing bus integration, speeding up taxi reform, improving the quality of slow traffic, promoting multi-network integration and organic connection, and providing citizens with efficient and convenient urban public transport services. The average daily passenger flow of public transport system in Shenzhen reached 1 1055800, and the share of public transport in motorized trips reached 62.6% during peak hours, so it was rated as "National Public Transport Metropolis Construction Demonstration City".
At present, there are 90 1 bus lines in Shenzhen with a total length of 332 1 km. With the rapid development of the city, the adjustment of bus lines has become a necessity for people's livelihood in Shenzhen every year. Since 20 13, a total of 1209 bus lines have been adjusted to solve hot spots and cover 693 blind spots. Shenzhen is also constantly optimizing the setting of bus stops. There are a total of 1 1087 bus stops in the city, and the coverage rate of 500 meters is 96.06%.
In order to practice the concept of low-carbon life and sustainable development, Shenzhen has vigorously promoted new energy vehicles, and has now fully realized the electrification of buses and taxis. At present, there are more than 6000 pure electric buses10000, 2 pure electric taxis, 326 bus charging stations and 55 19 charging piles. Full electrification has also solved the problem of different prices of "red" and "green" taxis in Shenzhen, and promoted the continuous improvement of the intelligent service of cruise taxis.
Shenzhen opened its first subway line in 2004. After the continuous construction of the first, second and third phases of the project, eight subway lines have been built and opened to traffic in Shenzhen, with a total mileage of 304.3 kilometers and an average daily passenger flow of 5.57 million in 2065438+2009. Shenzhen is still speeding up the subway construction. This year, Metro Lines 6, 8 and 10 will be completed and opened to traffic. By then, the rail transit network will cover the main passenger corridors of the city and support the development of urban public transport to a new level.
Memorabilia of Shenzhen traffic development
1. 1984 Establishment of the Communication Office of Shenzhen Municipal People's Government.
2. 1988, the Communications Office of Shenzhen Municipal People's Government was renamed as Shenzhen Transportation Bureau.
3. 199 1 year1October 12, Shenzhen Airport was officially opened to traffic.
4. 199 1 year, in order to meet the needs of the rapid development of port industry, Shenzhen Port Administration Bureau was established separately, and the port management function was drawn from the Municipal Transportation Bureau.
5.200 1 Establish Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Bureau, add the brand of Port Authority, and make it clear that the Municipal Highway Bureau is a secondary bureau directly under the management of the Municipal Transportation Bureau.
On February 28th, 2004, the first subway line in Shenzhen was officially put into operation.
7. Since 2007, Shenzhen Port has established friendship port relations with international ports, and has successfully signed 26 international friendship ports.
8. In July 2009, the Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Commission was established, responsible for the planning, construction, management and law enforcement of the city's transportation.
9.20 16, the national "13th Five-Year" transportation development plan defined the positioning of Shenzhen as an international comprehensive transportation hub.
10.20 16, the national "13th Five-Year Plan" outlines Shenzhen Airport as an international aviation hub.
1 1.20 16, Shenzhen was identified as a pilot city for modern logistics innovation and development by the National Development and Reform Commission.
12.20 18, Shenzhen was determined by the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Public Security to be the first batch of urban green freight distribution demonstration projects.
13.205438+08, Shenzhen was awarded "National Transit Metropolis Construction Demonstration City".
14.20 19, Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Commission was renamed as Municipal Transportation Bureau.
15.20 19, Shenzhen Railway Hub Master Plan (20 16-2030) was approved by China Railway Corporation and Guangdong Provincial People's Government.
16.20 19 "Shenzhen commercial and service-oriented national logistics hub" was selected in the list of national logistics hub construction in 20 19.
17.20 19, the Ministry of Transport listed Shenzhen as the first batch of pilot projects of a strong transportation country.
18.2020, Shenzhen was awarded the first batch of comprehensive transportation service demonstration cities in China.
New achievements in Shenzhen's transportation since the 18th National Congress.
1. The annual passenger throughput of the airport exceeded 50 million passengers for the first time.
Since the opening of Shenzhen Baoan International Airport 199 1, it has transported more than 560 million passengers, and international flights have reached 60 international cities around the world, closely connected with five continents around the world. In 20 19, the annual passenger throughput of Shenzhen Baoan International Airport exceeded 50 million passengers for the first time, reaching 52.932 million passengers. Among them, the international passenger flow exceeded 5 million for the first time, reaching 5.25 million passengers. According to statistics, in 20 19, the passenger throughput ranking of Shenzhen Baoan International Airport jumped from 32nd to 26th in the world, with the largest progress in the world.
The airport is the window of the city, and the air route is the bridge of connection. 2065438+200665438+271October, China Southern Airlines Shenzhen-Sydney route opened important connections with Europe, America and Australia, and Air China, Shenzhen Airlines and Hainan Airlines made efforts one after another. By the end of February 20 19 and 19, the route network of Shenzhen Baoan International Airport has covered five continents, including Europe, America, Asia, Africa and Oceania.
On March 17, 2020, the land-based project of the third runway expansion project of Shenzhen Baoan International Airport with a total investment of123.3 billion yuan started construction, which is another major project started by the new phase expansion project of the airport after the previous satellite hall started construction. After the completion of the project, the annual passenger throughput of Shenzhen Baoan International Airport will reach 80 million passengers, and the international routes and international passengers that Shenzhen Baoan International Airport can accommodate will be further improved.
2. Fully electrified buses and taxis.
On February 27th, 201716,359 pure electric buses have been popularized and applied in Shenzhen. Except for 400 non-pure electric vehicles as emergency transport capacity, all franchised buses in the city have been electrified. Shenzhen has become the first city in China and even the world to realize all-round pure electrification of public transport. 20 19 1.2, Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Commission announced that the proportion of all-electric taxis in the city reached 99.06%, basically realizing all-electric taxis. This means that Shenzhen has become the first city in the world where buses and taxis are basically fully electrified.
As one of the pilot cities of "Demonstration and Promotion of Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicles" 13 in China, Shenzhen began to promote new energy vehicles nationwide from 20 1 1. The large-scale promotion and use of pure electric buses and taxis has also promoted the rapid development of new energy industry in Shenzhen. At present, Shenzhen is still making every effort to promote the electrification of operating vehicles such as network cars and logistics vehicles.
3. Logistics has become one of the four pillar industries.
After 40 years' development, the market scale of modern logistics industry in Shenzhen has been expanding and its operation efficiency has been improving, and it has become one of the four pillar industries in Shenzhen. In terms of industry scale, the added value of logistics industry in 20 19 was 273.982 billion yuan, up 7.48% year-on-year, accounting for10/7% of the city's GDP in the same period, and remained above 10% for six consecutive years. From the perspective of industry efficiency, the total cost of social logistics is 3123.67 million yuan, up by 2.08% year-on-year, which has achieved a continuous decline in growth rate and achieved certain results in reducing costs and increasing efficiency of logistics.
Shenzhen's logistics industry insists on taking the market as the leading factor and enterprises as the main body, and a large number of logistics leaders and innovative enterprises have become the solid main body of logistics industry development. By the end of 20 19, there were *** 103 key logistics enterprises in our city, and 8 listed enterprises such as * * * Yi Yatong; Four logistics companies, including Yuehai Global, were selected as the top 500 global innovative enterprises.
In the next step, Shenzhen will focus on promoting the development and innovation of integrated transportation and logistics, the innovation of supply chain management service system, the innovation of Shenzhen-Hong Kong international logistics service system and the innovation of port logistics service system, and promote the efficient linkage of airports, seaports and information ports, and the convergence of logistics, business flow, information flow and capital flow, and strive to build an international logistics hub city with global competitiveness and influence.
4. Intelligent transportation leads the innovation of management service means.
Based on data collection, analysis and application, the Municipal Transportation Bureau has gradually realized the intelligent management of all transportation industries by land, sea and air, led the modernization and internationalization of transportation with informationization and intelligence, and built Shenzhen into a national demonstration city for the development of smart transportation.
Nearly 60 information systems have been built in Shenzhen Intelligent Transportation, and a set of traffic business backbone ring network (backbone bandwidth 100G g) covering the whole city has been built, connecting the transportation offices, industrial enterprises and data sharing units in the whole city. 29 categories of 8 1 traffic industry data were integrated, including 15 1 10,000 operating vehicle GPS data and 22,000 videos. Open up data exchange channels for planning, environmental protection, public security, traffic police, urban management, market supervision, water affairs, meteorology and other units; Vigorously promote the intelligence, informationization and integration of transportation, and create the "Shenzhen quality" of intelligent transportation development.
In the future, Shenzhen will adhere to the principle of "meeting people's beautiful travel needs", accelerate a new round of intelligent transportation construction, accelerate the construction of advanced projects such as autonomous driving, intelligent travel and comprehensive control platform, and strive to build a demonstration city of intelligent transportation development in China.