The definition of camp is: planning, organizing, implementing and controlling the business process of an enterprise, which is the general name of all kinds of management work closely related to product production and service creation. From another perspective, operation management can also refer to the design, operation, evaluation and improvement of the system for producing and providing the company's main products and services. In the past, western scholars called the production of tangible products associated with factories "production" or "manufacturing", while the activity of providing services was called "operation". The current trend is that both are called "operation".
The most basic and main functions of enterprise operation management are financial accounting, technology, production and operation, marketing and human resource management. The business activities of an enterprise are a cyclical process, in which these five functions are organically linked. In order to achieve their business goals, enterprises must manage the above five functions as a whole, which is operation.
What is the operating mode?
Operation mode refers to the planning, organization, implementation and control of enterprise business processes, and is the general name of various management tasks closely related to product production and service creation. From another perspective, operation management can also refer to the design, operation, evaluation and improvement of the system for producing and delivering the company's main products and services. In the past, western scholars said that the production of tangible products was related to factory management methods.
At present, the internal operation mode of most enterprises has similar characteristics. Whether state-owned enterprises or private enterprises, joint ventures or joint-stock enterprises, their convergence shows that this structural model has its advantages. Studying this model will undoubtedly help the benign development of enterprises.
Structurally, the operation mode can be roughly divided into five main parts:
1, administrative level
2. Sales level
3. Production level
4. Technical level
5. Level of fund management
Extended data:
Development and innovation strategy of operation mode;
1, optimize the "brain" and enhance wisdom.
Optimize administrative management and hire outstanding talents, especially key figures such as the general manager or executive deputy general manager. Turning "elves" into "spiritual leaders" has become a powerful driving force for the effective operation of this huge social system. That is, a special leader decides the future and destiny of a special enterprise.
2, "government and enterprise" separate, each with its own responsibilities.
The highest administrative organs of the company are the board of directors and the board of supervisors, which are equivalent to "politics". Mainly composed of investors and shareholders, it is the biggest beneficiary of the company's interests. They own all the company's property and enjoy the company's profits in the form of dividends. They have the right to decide the development and direction of the company and the appointment and dismissal of key people, which is the "soul" of the company's policy.
The highest executive body is the executive board of directors and general manager, which is equivalent to "enterprise". It consists of the general manager hired by the board of directors and the deputy general managers and department leaders recommended by the board of directors. They are the "soul" of the company's operation, which determines the company's daily operation and efficiency, and also relates to the company's future and development.
Government and enterprise must be separated, with their respective responsibilities.
3. Practice "Iron Head Skill".
Promoting production by sales and fixing production by sales are the basic strategies adopted by most companies at present. Therefore, the sales link has become the "leader" in the operation of companies and enterprises. Whether there is a strong and effective sales team is directly related to the company's operation and efficiency, and affects the company's development and future.
4. Have a strong "heart".
In the final analysis, the root of an enterprise is production.
The organization and management of production, the quality of employees and their affection for enterprises, and the rational allocation of production equipment are three important basic elements.
5. Science and technology are the primary productive forces.
Technology is the "power" of development, the "guarantee" of operation and the "future" of the company.
6. Capital is the "blood" of an enterprise.
Capital is the "blood" of the company's survival and the "lubricant" of production and operation.
Modern enterprises and companies are the same subject of real economy and financial economy.
7. The spirit and culture of an enterprise are "adhesives" and "emulsifiers" within the enterprise.
Let employees have enough trust in the enterprise, gradually become dependent, and be willing to hand over their survival and career to the enterprise, which is the highest realm of enterprise management.
8. Corporate image and influence are the external "business cards" of enterprises.
The basic characteristics of the operation mode:
1. Requirements are one-way (non-selective) and interdependent.
For example, sales and production, sales and finance, and production and finance are such a state of relationship.
2. The transaction process is characterized by high transparency and openness.
There is a high degree of information transparency among departments.
3. The operation adjustment has strong pertinence and quick flexibility, and can quickly adjust the production and personnel arrangement and change the production plan according to the needs.
4. Have a relatively complete basic economic and social structure.
Administration-equivalent to * * * and related functional institutions.
Production layer-equivalent to production enterprises and production fields.
Sales layer-equivalent to dealers and circulation field.
Technical layer-equivalent to scientific research and education institutions.
Fund management-equivalent to banks and related financial institutions.
5. The operation mode has typical characteristics of planned economy.
The sales department puts forward an "order contract" to the production department according to the needs of users and the market.
The production department purchases materials according to the "order contract", organizes production and delivers qualified products.
The technical department is responsible for providing technical support and guarantee and supervising the production process.
The fund management department is responsible for providing required funds and related circulation operations, accounting and assessing costs and profits, and supervising the use of funds.
The administrative department is responsible for supervision, guidance, coordination and assessment.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Operation Mode
Baidu Encyclopedia-Enterprise Operation Mode
What are the business operation modes?
First of all, according to the position of enterprises in the industrial chain, the enterprise operation modes are classified:
1, production OEM (spindle) business model
The characteristic of this kind of business model enterprises is that enterprises, as suppliers of enterprises in the middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain, generally process products according to customers' orders. In the market, they are sold under the signs of other companies. Enterprises are only responsible for the production of one or more products or parts in a certain industry, but most of them involve product sales and product design.
2, design+sales (dumbbell) business model
This business model is just the opposite of the production OEM business model. Enterprises do not participate in any business in the production field, but are only responsible for design and sales. Enterprises design products and services that customers need in the market, and then look for corresponding production OEM. It requires enterprises to have strong design and sales capabilities and well-known brands. This kind of enterprise is closely related to the market, sensitive to market trends and customer needs, and is the fastest enterprise to respond to the market.
3. Business model of production+sales
Production enterprises that adopt this business model are the most common, and enterprises involve the latter two parts of business process: production and sales. For product design, for some reason, the enterprise did not involve it. In this node of enterprises, the competition between enterprises is fierce. The business structure diagram is shown in Figure 4.
4. Business model of design+production+sales
This is a business model involving many nodes in the industrial chain. Enterprises adopting this business model are characterized by their ability to develop new products. According to the market demand, the enterprise develops the products needed by its own market and transforms the previous products at the same time; In manufacturing, enterprises have certain manufacturing capabilities, and the flexibility of manufacturing equipment is relatively good. The developed new products can be produced by existing equipment, or there are enough funds to build new production lines. Establish your own customer base for your products through your own marketing system.
5. Types of information services
A typical information service enterprise is a consulting company. This kind of enterprise or company does not involve all activities of manufacturing industry, but it is closely related to manufacturing industry to a great extent.
Second, the enterprise operation mode is divided according to the business scope of the enterprise:
1, single business model
Single operation, also known as specialized operation, means that an enterprise only designs, produces or sells in one product field, and its business scope is relatively single. The advantage of this business model is that the market scope faced by enterprises is relatively limited, and they can concentrate resources on competition; The risk is that many competitors may realize the effectiveness of the single-minded business strategy and imitate this model.
2. Diversified business model
Diversified business models can be divided into three basic types: centralized diversification, horizontal diversification and mixed diversification.
What is the operating mode?
Running die
We can understand the operation mode through operation and mode.
Keep running
[Move Operation] Operation and operation refer to the working status in progress.
The word "pattern" refers to a wide range, which marks the hidden regular relationship between objects, and these objects are not necessarily images and patterns, but also numbers, abstract relationships and even ways of thinking. This model emphasizes formal law, not substantive law.
[mode]: abstract and sublimate the accumulated experience of predecessors. Simply put, it is the law discovered and abstracted from repeated events, just like the summary of experience in solving problems. As long as it is something that appears repeatedly, there may be a certain pattern.
All disciplines and industries have their own fixed models, but any model is constantly developing and innovating.
The intuitive and concise description of the internal and external mechanisms of objective things is a simplified form of theory, which can provide people with the overall content of objective things.
It is actually an objective law and can be simply regarded as a mathematical formula. How to improve the internal steps will be guided according to the different situations we encounter, so as to achieve the ideal goal.
[Database system structure]
In the three-level schema structure of database system, it is divided into external schema, schema and internal schema. External mode, also known as sub-mode or user mode, is the interface between database users and database systems, and is the data view seen by database users. Schema can be subdivided into conceptual schema and logical schema, which is a common data view for all database users and a description of the logical structure and characteristics of all data in the database. Internal schema, also known as storage schema, is a description of the physical structure and storage schema of the database, as well as a representation of the internal data of the database.
Obviously, the operation mode here belongs to the first mode.
Synthesis: the operation mode is repeated operation and operation, which refers to an ongoing working state.
What is the framework and basic understanding of operation?
Take Wal-Mart as the framework:
The operation part is the sales department on the floor, which is divided into four partitions. Each division is managed by a vice president, who has a manager who has three to five department heads.
UPC department: responsible for the management of commodity data and the management and maintenance of electronic equipment.
Promotion department: responsible for the entry and exit of promoters in the store and the display and maintenance of the store.
Front desk: divided into cashier, service desk and cash room, responsible for the cashier work of the store and the tenant management of the store.
Engineering department: responsible for store maintenance and management.
Receiving department: under the vice president and manager of the clothing division, responsible for receiving goods.
In addition, Wal-Mart stores also have human resources department and asset protection department, which belong to a system and are independent departments, reporting directly to the boss! It is not under the jurisdiction of the general manager of the mall or any department. The former is responsible for the human resource management of the store, while the latter is responsible for the risk management and loss management of the store, and is also responsible for the integrity investigation.