In large-scale traffic construction, due to low investment, high standards, great technical difficulties and tight construction period, ensuring and improving the engineering quality is naturally mentioned in an important position. The leaders of jiangsu provincial party committee, the provincial government and the Communications Department attach great importance to the quality of the project, and have repeatedly instructed to firmly establish the awareness of quality first, build various projects with high speed, high quality and high efficiency, and hand over satisfactory answers to the people of the whole province. Practice at home and abroad has proved that the implementation of supervision engineer system in engineering construction is an effective means to ensure engineering quality.
At the end of 1980s, China began to learn from foreign experience. First, the supervision system was tried out on several domestic highway projects with World Bank loans (our province first implemented the supervision system on the construction of 3 12 national highway), and by the early 1990s, more than 80% of highway construction projects in China had implemented the supervision system. Through the continuous practice and exploration of the vast number of traffic builders, by the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, it can be said that the implementation of supervision system for traffic engineering construction projects not only unified the ideological understanding, but also the adopted supervision mode and procedures were basically mature. The Code for Highway Engineering Construction Supervision promulgated by the Ministry of Communications 1995 in March has put China's highway supervision work on an institutionalized and standardized track. ?
1, review of supervision work in Shanghai-Nanjing expressway
1. 1 supervision mode
Jiangsu expressway Construction Headquarters has a chief supervision engineer, who is concurrently the deputy chief commander, and several assistant directors. The construction headquarters of expressway in five cities along the line shall be set up with the director's representative (generally held concurrently by the deputy commander), and the director's representative shall be set up with the office of 1-3 assistant and director's representative. Set up a supervision team (resident engineer) at the construction site; The office of the director and the representative of the director are integrated with the provincial and municipal headquarters respectively, and the supervision team works independently on the spot, which is referred to as the "three-level" supervision system.
1.2 supervision responsibilities
Provincial supervision institutions are mainly responsible for formulating supervision systems, rules and procedures, and guiding, supervising and managing the supervision work of the whole bank; The municipal supervision organization mainly controls the progress, quality and investment required by the construction contract, and the supervision team is responsible for the on-site supervision of several contract sections. There are more than 350 supervisors in the whole line, including 250 on-site supervisors, most of whom live and eat in the construction site and are inspected by the personnel on duty.
1.3 Main work of supervision
According to the supervision method of Shanghai-Nanjing-expressway project, the main tasks of supervision at all levels in implementing the three major controls are:
1.3. 1
(1) Decompose and implement various engineering plans formulated by the owner, and supervise and inspect the implementation of the plans; ?
(2) Review the contractor's construction capacity and working face according to the plan to ensure the completion of the overall plan with effective daily production capacity; ?
(3) Review the contractor's construction organization plan and put forward the guarantee measures to complete the plan; ?
(4) Give suggestions to contractors who can't finish the task on time.
1.3.2 in terms of quality control
(1) urge the contractor to establish and improve the quality assurance system; ?
(2) Control the construction procedures and technologies; ?
(3) check the quality of raw materials; ?
(4) Insist on standing at the construction site and keep a supervision diary; ?
(5) Master the key technologies in the project. Do a good job in technical guidance, hold a construction site meeting, and exchange and promote advanced experience;
(6) Complete the quality inspection and test of various projects in accordance with regulations, and urge the disposal of unqualified projects; ?
(7) Seriously deal with quality accidents.
1.3.3 About investment control
(1) Carefully check each measurement application; ?
(2) Strictly review the rationality of the changed design scheme and the accuracy of the engineering quantity; ?
(3) control the total contract amount; ?
(4) Deduct the advance payment according to the contract requirements; ?
(5) Reasonably determine the adjustment standard of direct supply materials. ?
In addition to arranging, urging, inspecting and summarizing the above work, the provincial supervisory institutions also do a good job in the following comprehensive management work:
(1) Organize multi-phase learning and testing training courses to improve the detection and testing level of supervisors; ?
(2) According to the daily inspection and the report of each unit, make uniform provisions on the sexual problems and solve all kinds of construction technical problems; ?
(3) Organize the provincial quality inspection center to conduct spot checks on the quality of the entity project in each contract section every month, issue a quality bulletin, and put forward suggestions for improvement; ?
(4) Insist on compiling the monthly report of the project, comprehensively reflect the comprehensive situation of the project progress, quality, payment, technology and management, report to the provincial leaders, and provide engineering information for relevant departments; ?
(5) Check the quality of grass-roots supervision and standardize and unify the supervision data; ?
(6) to assist the municipal headquarters in establishing the central laboratory of the director's representative, and to guide and manage the work of laboratories at all levels;
(7) Organize national excellence activities, formulate national excellence plan for engineering quality, and put forward detailed requirements. The whole project is divided into more than 1 1000 merit-creating units, and those responsible for construction and supervision of each unit are identified, tracked, checked and assessed, and computer programs are compiled to improve the project management level.
Through the implementation of the supervision system, the project construction has been effectively controlled. From the start of 1992 to the end of 1995, the annual plan is completed ahead of schedule every year, and the investment control is relatively good compared with similar projects in China. The quality of the project is as follows: (65,438+0) The subgrade project is fully completed, with more than 65,438+040,000 points randomly selected by the supervisor, with a comprehensive pass rate of 95%, and more than 7,000 points randomly selected by the central laboratory, with a comprehensive pass rate of 96%; (2) The bored piles of the bridge are all completed, and the qualified rate of nondestructive testing is100%; (3) More than 400 prefabricated beams and slabs of bridges have been inspected, all of which are qualified; (4) More than 5000 groups of bridge concrete strength/kloc-0 were randomly selected by the supervisor, all of which were qualified; (5) The subbase, base and asphalt lower layer of pavement are all completed, and the asphalt middle layer is 70%. After more than 100 sets of sampling strength and compactness, the qualified rate is over 96%, and all the more than 3000 sets of sampling tests on oil surface are qualified.
1.4 main features of supervision
1.4. 1 has a perfect system and strong guidance?
At the initial stage of the construction of expressway in Shanghai-Nanjing, the project supervision system has just started and has not been fully implemented in the whole country. Shanghai-Nanjing-expressway is the first time to implement the supervision system in our province's investment and construction management projects. In order to carry out the instructions of leaders at all levels and build the first expressway in Jiangsu history, we draw lessons from the experiences of Shandong, Shaanxi, Guangdong and other provinces, according to FIDIC project management principles, and combined with the actual traffic situation in Jiangsu Province, we have formulated the Supervision Measures and Supervision Regulations for the Shanghai-Nanjing-expressway Project in Jiangsu Province. The "Supervision Measures" determine the establishment of supervision institutions and the responsibilities of supervisors at all levels; The control of plan, quality and investment in Supervision Code has clear requirements for test, detection and data management. "Supervision Regulations" is a highly operational guiding document, which provides a reliable working basis for contractors and supervisors. In the process of implementation, we visited the first highway bureau of the Ministry of Communications, Tianjin Municipal Fifth Company and other construction units that undertook the World Bank loan construction project. They all think that the supervision regulations and requirements of Shanghai-Nanjing-expressway conform to the basic principles of FIDIC clauses, and have been revised and supplemented according to the national conditions, which is very suitable and easy to implement. The above documents have been used in other high-grade highway construction in our province. ?
With the gradual development of the project, we have also formulated the Provisions on the Division of National Excellent Units in Shanghai-Nanjing-expressway, the Measures for Quality Evaluation and the Supervision Rules for the Construction of Collision Avoidance Guardrails in Traffic Engineering to guide the supervision of subsequent projects.
1.4.2 Establish and improve an effective quality assurance system and strengthen the supervision and inspection functions.
Establishing a perfect and effective quality assurance system is the basic condition for the supervision work to achieve good results. As for the contractor, we regard its self-inspection and quality assurance system as an important part of the initial inspection quality, requiring organization, personnel, equipment, responsibility and inspection and assessment, and the project manager is the first person responsible for the project quality. The supervision team is equipped with testing instruments and equipment according to Grade B qualification, and the provincial and downtown laboratories are equipped with instruments and equipment according to Grade A qualification. All test personnel must hold relevant certificates, and the inspection work of the supervision team is subject to the needs of on-site construction and is on call. Three main responsibilities of the downtown laboratory are stipulated, namely, undertaking the main tests, sampling the completed projects, guiding the test work of the supervision team and reporting the monthly test report. The provincial testing center checks the quality of physical engineering every month, issues a quality bulletin, announces the quality status of each stage to the whole line, and puts forward treatment requirements and suggestions for existing problems. Since the beginning of the project, it has issued more than 30 quality inspection announcements. It not only solves the existing local quality problems, but also controls the occurrence of similar problems on the surface, which better guides the smooth progress of the project.
1.4.3 always adhere to strict supervision and enthusiastic service, and implement "supervision, assistance and promotion"
The construction team of Shanghai-Nanjing expressway Project was selected through domestic public bidding competition. Although there are some powerful "national teams", more than half of the construction teams lack the construction experience in expressway and have not undertaken the engineering experience of implementing FIDIC clause supervision. In view of this situation, the Provincial Higher People's Court should refer to the guidelines for supervision, which requires strict supervision and enthusiastic service. Some foreign projects are invested by enterprises or individuals, and supervision is only responsible to the investors. Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway is a national key construction project, and the construction unit, construction unit and supervision unit are all responsible by the state, which determines that all three parties are aiming at the same goal. I think this is the most essential difference between China's supervision and foreign supervision. It is natural for supervisors to provide enthusiastic service, so we ask supervisors not only to do a good job of supervision and inspection, but also to "help", that is, to help contractors solve technical and equipment difficulties and coordinate local relations; "Promotion" means creating a good construction for the contractor.
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