Life, contribution
Dr. maria montessori is an outstanding early childhood education thinker and reformer in the history of education, the first woman to study medicine, and the first female doctor of medicine in Italian history.
As an assistant doctor, Montessori's main duty is to treat mentally retarded children. At that time, Italy put mentally retarded children and mental patients in an insane asylum. There are no toys in the room, even nothing for children to grasp and operate; Managers have a bad attitude and don't organize any activities at all Montessori expressed deep sympathy for the situation of these children. Through observation and research, she deeply feels that this kind of medical treatment can only accelerate the mental decline of children. From then on, she became interested in the treatment and education of mentally retarded children and was determined to help them with her wisdom.
1907 Montessori established the "Children's Home" in the slums of Rome. Recruiting 3-6-year-old children for education, she used her own original method to teach, and the results showed amazing results; Those "ordinary, poor" children, after several years, have undergone tremendous changes in their thinking and have been trained into smart, confident, educated and energetic young talents. Montessori's brand-new teaching method with great educational charm has caused a sensation throughout Europe.
Main idea
On the basis of studying children, she put forward some unique characteristics of children's psychology: unique psychological embryonic period (from birth to three years old, all kinds of psychological cognitive activities have been completed), absorptive in the mind (children have an impulse to grow up automatically, which is an active learning of external knowledge), and sensitive period (different stages in the development process will be sensitive to different knowledge, so they learn quickly and absorb well, but at different stages. The second stage: 6 ~ 12 years old, which is a period for children to increase their knowledge and artistic talent and consciously learn; The third stage: 12 ~ 18 years old, can explore things according to their own interests, can carry out publicity and education like adults, can accept different people of different ages, and gradually deepen with the growth of age)
She believes that the purpose of early childhood education is to develop children's "life rules" and get natural group development on the basis of understanding children.
course content
Sensory education: Sensory training should include the training of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, among which touch training is the most important aspect of Montessori's sensory training. Before letting children do every activity, they should feel and touch the whole structure of the operating materials with their hands in order to better perceive the operation.
② Language education
Montessori's language education includes oral training and simple writing activities. She thinks that writing should precede oral training. Combined with tactile training, simple touch writing is carried out according to the characteristics of materials.
③ Discipline education
Discipline means freedom. The concept of freedom in Montessori's education system is not to let children do whatever they want, but has scope and limits. Freedom within certain disciplinary requirements.
④ Introduction to Mathematics Education
Including: counting, number practice, using writing symbols to represent numbers, number memory practice, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of 1 to 20, arithmetic operation above 10, etc. Use a large number of teaching AIDS and adopt corresponding teaching methods.
⑤ Daily life education
By participating in the practical experience of daily life, it helps them to concentrate on their studies in all other classroom activities. The contents of Montessori's daily life education include exercise, taking care of oneself, taking care of one's surroundings and etiquette training.
Montessori's teaching method is very special, mainly with the aid of teaching AIDS to help children learn, so it is also a child-centered teaching form, in which teachers play an auxiliary role, and their roles are environmental providers, demonstrators, observers, supporters and resource providers. Teachers are all prepared around children's development, and rely more on teaching AIDS for accuracy. In the process of teacher qualification examination, it is more in the form of multiple-choice questions, so everyone can grasp the key points and refine keywords in the process of memory.
The above is Montessori, a figure in early childhood education. I wish all candidates a smooth pass! Get a stepping stone to the teaching profession!