1. Eryan Ancient Ballad: The most primitive poems came from ancient times (usually before the 4th century AD). At present, only one song has been recorded, that is, "Chopping Bamboo, Spreading Bamboo, Scattering Soil and Eating Meat One by One".
2. Four words "The Book of Songs": Represented by "The Book of Songs", three techniques of fu, bi and xing were adopted for the first time. As the source of China's poetry, it was regarded as a Confucian classic, making it a great realistic work in the history of China literature. Our most common "Guan Guan pheasant dove" is in Hezhou; My fair lady, a gentleman is good "is this.
3. Songs of Chu in Sao style: Songs of Chu is a ballad of a generation of Chu people. Although it was recorded in the Book of Songs, it was carried forward by Mr. Qu Yuan. Of course, the masterpiece is Li Sao, a seven-character poem with an "Xi" and "Xi" in the middle.
4. Miscellaneous Poems of Five-character Poems (Yuefu): After the formation of Fu on the basis of Chu Ci in Han Dynasty, a new form of poetry appeared, which was mainly composed of miscellaneous words of five characters, one of which was Yuefu folk songs (songs and vocal poems) collected by Yuefu institutions at that time, and the other was literati works (disciple poems), but they were all classified as ancient poems. The well-known saying that "young people are sad instead of working hard" comes from here.
5. Seven-character ancient poems: Although there are seven-character ancient poems in Chu Ci, their development is slow. It appeared in the Han Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, but it did not become the mainstream, and it was often represented by the "Bailiang Style" of rhyming sentences. Seven-character archaic style didn't flourish until the Tang Dynasty, and one of them still kept archaic style, specializing in long stories, changing rhyme and doping sentences; A branch of legalization has become the main form of metrical poetry.
Example 1: Seven-character ancient poems in Bailiang style. Legend has it that our dear Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built a luxurious building-Bailiangtai, where he feasted with ministers and every sentence rhymed, so this kind of poem is called Bailiangtai. However, legend belongs to legend. In fact, most of the seven-character ancient poems at that time rhymed, representing a popular trend. Details such as xelloss (that is, the son of Cao Cao's big brother) "Ge Yanxing":
Example 2: Seven-character ancient poetry in the Tang Dynasty, whose eyes are buried, and Li Bai's brother sang farewell. This poem has been learned in school, so there is no need to explain it.
6. The "eternal style" of pre-metrical poetry: The Northern and Southern Dynasties began to pay attention to the level of poetry. It is generally believed that Shen Yue and others first studied tone and applied it to practice, and put forward the "four tones theory" (beginning to pay attention to the change of tone) and "eight diseases theory" (eight problems that must be avoided in writing poetry), which were applied to specific writing and created "Yong"
7. Metric poetry: From Yongming style to metrical poetry, it is actually a process of continuous improvement, continuous practice and continuous supplement. By the early Tang Dynasty, it was gradually improved and formed a complete and operable specification. Therefore, metrical poetry has made a great leap since the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, there is an important basis for judging metrical poems, that is, there were basically no metrical poems before the Tang Dynasty. If there is, it's a blind cat meeting a dead mouse, which happens from time to time.
There are five types of metrical poems:
Example 1: Five musts
A note for the absent.
Tang & # 8226 Jia Dao
When I asked your students under a pine tree, "my teacher," he replied, "went to pick herbs."
However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? .
Example 2: Seven Unique Skills
spring
Song & # 8226 Zhu Xi
Beautiful spring outing in Surabaya, the endless scenery is new.
Everyone can see the face of spring, the spring breeze blows flowers open, thousands of purple, and the scene of spring is everywhere.
Example 3: Five Laws
Farewell to the viceroy and go to Shu for his post.
Tang & # 8226 Wang Bo
Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
After all, the world is just a small place.
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel.
Example 4: Seven Laws
Chinese plum
Song & # 8226 Linbu
Flowers withered, unique plum blossoms swept out against the wind, and the scenery of the small park was beautiful.
"Mottled shadows hang obliquely on the clear shallow water, and their fragrance spreads peacefully in the moonlight dusk."
Cold birds want to fly, first glimpse plum blossoms; Butterflies will be enchanting if they know the beauty of plum blossoms.
Fortunately, there are micro-songs to compare, and there is no need for sandalwood golden jars.
Example 5: Five-character arrangement
Shang Wei Jacky Twenty Rhymes
Tang & # 8226 Du Fu?
Phoenix calendar Xuanyuan season, dragonfly forty spring.
The Eight Wastes opened a life domain and turned to Hong Jun in one breath. ?
Lin Yu thinks that Kenzo and ChanQingyi are veteran ministers.
Seek a good horse as planned, and get a unicorn by surprise. ?
The sand washed away the turbidity of the river and reconciled the new river.
Wei Xianchu was in the Han Dynasty, and Shu Fan was returned to the Qin Dynasty. ?
Ye Sheng is such a classic.
Zhang Yu is deep underground and the sea is boundless. ?
Beidou is the megaphone, and the East attracts the gentry.
Keep your balance, learn from the algae and listen to the stars. ?
Dugu, Yu Bode looks after the neighbors.
Smarter than Guan Ju, lost Chen Zun. ?
Is it something in the pool, on the table?
Knowing the truth in the temple, the customs are still pure. ?
All the gifts and talents are used, but ignorance is hidden.
Evergreen has a long illness and is frequent in summer. ?
Look back, get rid of customs, and live like an ordinary person.
Wu Xian can't ask, Zou Lu can't avoid. ?
It's too late to be grateful. There will be immortals in the sky.
Sing this song for the public, tears in the towel.
Example 6: Seven-character arrangement. The ancient seven-character edict was too long, so I couldn't find a suitable masterpiece at the moment, so I had to extract a netizen's work from the Internet to make up for it. Because it's shorter, hehe.
Mao Zedong
Netizen & # 8226 I am diving.
I am confident that the waves of life will stop the boat, and I am afraid of the middle stream because of the surge.
Jinggang Road opens Kunlun Mountain, and Zunyi Curtain seeks Chixian County.
Strong spirits are rustling in the sky, and red flags are hunting axes and sickles.
Thunder leaps into the hot air drum, and creation falls in the cold rain and autumn rain.
Looking back at Jiupai Smoke Clouds, I think there is no water in rice fields like Qian Shan.
Driving tigers and leopards is more heroic, and caressing mountains and rivers is not gentle.
The word "dragonfly" is super vulgar, and poetry has become a sea swallowing cattle.
The merits and demerits of a lifetime have nothing to do with interests, but the research and evaluation of Baishi will be important.
Waiting for things to flatten out, waiting for the mud to melt in Marxism–Leninism, waiting for another proud day in Cao Liu.
It wasn't a shrine at that time, so why do you always call in sick?
8. Words: Words are ancient lyrics. Its predecessor is not an independent literary form, but musical words. It first came into being in the Tang Dynasty and Sheng Xing in the Song Dynasty. This is the result of those poets who write metrical poems holding rhymes everywhere and putting them on Han Fu, resulting in metrical Fu. Put it on the lyrics, it will produce legalized words, which is what we often say, legalized lyrics. After the legalization of lyrics, it broke away from music and formed a new metrical poem, which is equivalent to poetry. Because of its specific format, and metrical poetry is a form, collectively known as metrical poetry. In other words, only the poems corresponding to 7 and 8 are collectively called metrical poems.
9. Sanqu: Qu is a new form of poetry developed on the basis of ci, with more flexible format and more plain style. In particular, many songs can use many interlinings. From this point of view, it has actually betrayed Song Ci and formed a unique style. A legalized or semi-legalized lyric was particularly popular in the Yuan Dynasty, so it was called "Yuanqu".
10. New Poetry or Free Poetry: This is a new form of poetry during the May 4th Movement. It pays no attention to any genre except rhyme. Today, both so-called obscure poems and post-modern poems can be classified as new poems, and even rhymes can be omitted.
Example 1: a new poem that rhymes like an ancient poem. This poem was written by the modern poet Liu Shahe. If you know something that happened in the 1960s, you will see it clearly. This is a true portrayal of the poet being locked in the bullpen and closing the door to amuse his son, but it is very sad.
Coax a child
Modern & # 8226 Liushahe
Dad turned into a cow in the shed,
Today, I became a domestic horse.
Laughing, kneeling, crawling on all fours,
Be a good boy and ride a horse!
Dad took you to guerrilla warfare,
Do you think it's funny?
There is freedom in the hut,
Once the door is closed, it is home.
Don't run outside the door,
Go to the door and someone scolds you.
Only dad got you into trouble,
Be a good boy and smoke quickly!
Example 2: Rhyme, a new poem written in vernacular Chinese.
Dreams and poems
Contemporary & 8226; Hu Shi
Are common experiences,
Are ordinary images,
Came to my dream by accident,
How many novel tricks have been changed!
Are normal emotions,
Are all common languages,
I met a poet by chance,
How many novels and poems have changed!
You don't know the power of wine until you are drunk.
Love is the only way to understand; ——
You can't be my poem,
Just like I can't dream your dreams.
Example 3: A new poem that doesn't rhyme.
Broken chapter
Bian Zhilin
You stand on the bridge and watch the scenery.
People who look at the scenery are also looking at you.
The bright moon decorated your window,
You decorated other people's dreams.
-These are all recognized poetic genres in the history of China literature. As for the level tone you asked, it's a little troublesome. In short, the pronunciation of ancient Chinese and modern Chinese has changed. We usually pronounce "ā β" as Shang Tone (called "Ping Tone" in ancient times), Er Tone (called "Ping Tone" in ancient times), San Tone (called "Shang Tone" in ancient times) and Si Tone (called "Ping Tone" in ancient times). When we use them in writing poems, we should distinguish between ping and ping. If it rhymes with the last word of a sentence (that is, words with the same vowel sound are catchy in the last word of different sentences, which is called "rhyme"), it is called flat rhyme and rhyme. But the biggest difference is that there are two places that are most confusing: 1, and both the old saying and the modern saying are inflected, for example, "there is a twilight shadow in my heart, which blooms among the graves of Leyou". Sunset, infinitely beautiful, only near dusk. The vowel of this "yuan" is uan, and the vowel of "faint" is un, which is not easy to read and rhymes, but in ancient Chinese pronunciation, the original pronunciation is yun, not yun, so it rhymes. -fortunately, this situation is not much, that is, dozens of words. 2. There is also a strange pronunciation in Gucuo, which is short and tight and called Rusheng. Speaking of rubbing, modern Mandarin has evolved and disappeared, but you are from Guangdong, which is great. You read the pronunciation of "one" and read it as "Ya Jing" in the vernacular, which is an ancient sound. There are 700 words in this category. If you want to learn by rote and be lazy, you have to take a rhyme book with you. Therefore, those who conform to the rules are called "entering the law" or "rhyme", and those who do not conform to the rules are called "leaving the law"
So if you want to get started, you might as well check out the quick-start textbook I wrote online, "Seven-day Study of Metric Poetry of Qianchuan Poetry School", which can help you get started quickly. It's a textbook I studied since I was a child, which comes from the study of Professor Wang Li's Introduction to Metric Poetry. If you don't believe me, I attach Professor Wang Li's textbook to help you.