[Edit this paragraph] Personal data
Yi cheung (? -before 309), Wei (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) Liang, born in an unknown year, died in the second year (before 309). A descendant of Wei nobles, he learned vertical and horizontal skills from Guiguzi. His main activities should be before Su Qin, and he was a famous politician, diplomat and strategist in the Warring States period.
During the Warring States period, there were many countries, and vassals fought for hegemony and separatist wars frequently. The vassal States adopted the strategy of "uniting the horizontal" in diplomacy and military affairs. Or "vertical integration" and "uniting the weak to attack the strong" to prevent the merger of powerful countries, or "Lian Heng" and "attacking the weak with the strong" to achieve the purpose of annexing land. As an outstanding strategist, Zhang Yi appeared on the political stage of the Warring States Period, which had a great influence on the situation changes in the merger wars of various countries.
According to the Records of Huayang Country, in 3 16 BC, "King Qin Huiwen sent Zhang Yi to destroy Ba, making Jiangzhou a city". In other words, Zhang Yi once ordered the construction of Jiangzhou (now Yuzhong District, Chongqing). Although Zhang Yi himself left Jiangzhou in the second year, according to the research of Chu, Zhang Yi's construction of Jiangzhou should belong to the history of faith (see Ba Jun Zhi of the Republic of China). Because "in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the map classics disappeared and the people were fresh and indigenous, so there was no sign of old age", the specific location of Jiangzhou City built by Zhang Yi was unknown. However, judging from Yang Xiong's description of Jiangzhou City in Shu Du Fu in the Western Han Dynasty, its city is probably between Chaotianmen, Wanglongmen, Siqianmen and Xiaoxiong in the main urban area of Chongqing today.
Recommended comment: Chongqing has a real "city" today because Zhang Yi built Jiangzhou City.
[Edit this paragraph] Life profile
[1]
In the ninth year of Qin Huiwen (the first 329 years), Zhang Yi entered the State of Qin from Zhao Guoxi. With her outstanding talent, she was appointed as the guest minister of Qin to plan a strategic attack. The following year, following the example of Shanxi bureaucrats, Qin began to set up a phase, which was called a phase list or, and Zhang Yi held this position. He was the first prime minister after the Qin Dynasty, the first of 100 officials, and participated in military, political and diplomatic activities. From then on, he began his political, diplomatic and military career.
After paying homage to the Prime Minister, Zhang Yi actively planned for the State of Qin. He used Lian Heng's technique to force Han and Wei governors to worship Qin, and together with Gongzi Hua (Sang), he captured Puyang (now Xixian County, Shanxi Province). He also lobbied for Wei to dedicate 15 county, including Shaoliang (now south of Hancheng, Shaanxi Province) to the State of Qin. In the 13th year of Qin Huiwen (the first 325 years), Zhang Yi led an army to capture Shaanxi County of Wei (now Shaanxi County of Henan Province). In this way, the Yellow River natural barrier was occupied by the State of Qin. With the continuous growth of Qin's power, Zhang Yi assisted Qin Huiwen as the king, and the power of Qin became stronger and stronger.
In the second year of Qin Huiwen's reign (323 BC), in order to resist the alliance policy and further achieve the purpose of annexing Wei's territory, Zhang Yi used Lian Heng's strategy to meet with Qi and Chu ministers in Sangzi (now southwest of Pei County, Jiangsu Province) to eliminate the anxiety of Qin's eastward advancement. Zhang Yi returned to the State of Qin from Sang Mu and was relieved of his post. During these three years, due to the alliance of Hui Shi and the failure of Chu, Wei had to take Zhang Yi as a phase in an attempt to attack Chu in conjunction with Qin and Han Dynasties. In fact, Zhang Yi's ultimate goal is to make Wei a leader attached to Qin. Due to Lian Heng's threat to other countries, Qin Huiwen was king of Yuan Geng for six years (the first 3 19), and Gongsun Yan, the state of Wei, became king with the support of Qi, Chu, Korea, Zhao and Yan. Zhang Yi was deported to the State of Qin. In the eighth year of Qin Huiwen and Wang Ba-nian (the first 3 17), Zhang Yi was appointed as Qin Taishou again. In nine years, King Hui of Qin accepted Sima Cuo's suggestion and sent Zhang Yi, Sima Cuo and others to attack Shu, winning, and then destroyed Pakistan and Canada. In this way, Qin occupied a rich land of abundance and had a consolidated rear area, which provided favorable conditions for Qin's economic development and military war.
In the 12th year of Yuan Geng (3 13 BC), the king of Qin wanted to attack Qi, but worried about the alliance between Qi and Chu, so he sent Zhang Yi into Chu to lobby Chu Huaiwang. Zhang Yili said, "Chu is absolutely Qi, and Qin is willing to offer merchants in a land of 600 miles." Chu Huaiwang listened to his words, broke off relations with Qi, and sent people to Qin to receive land. Zhang Yi said to the envoy of Chu, "I have been with the king for six miles, but I have never heard of it for six hundred miles." The emissary of Chu returned to Chu and told Chu Huaiwang what Zhang Yi said. In a rage, Chu Huaiwang rose up and attacked Qin. In the 13th year of Yuan Geng, the king of Qin Huiwen (the first 3 1Z), Qin Jun defeated the Chu army in Danyang (now north of Nandanshui in western Henan), and more than 70 people, including Qu Gai, captured Chu Hanzhong, took a land of 600 Li and set it in Hanzhong County (now Shaanxi Han Middle East). In this way, Bashu and Hanzhong of Qin State are connected together, which not only eliminates the threat of Chu State to Qin State, but also expands the territory of Qin State and strengthens its national strength. "Biography of Zhang Yi in Historical Records" said: "People in Sanjin often have accidental events, and those who talk about Qiang Qin are generally people in Sanjin." There is no doubt that Zhang Yi is one of the most outstanding.
In the 14th year of King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty (3 1 1 years ago), Zhang Yi lobbied in Chu, Han, Qi, Zhao, Yan and other countries, making the five countries Lian Heng pay attention to Qin. In the same year, Zhang Yi was awarded the title of Wuyi in Wu Xinjun.
On the basis of Shang Yang's political reform, Zhang Yi "resisted the vassals abroad", cooperated with Qin's agricultural war policy, lobbied the vassals with eloquent eloquence and cunning strategy, and made many achievements, becoming a decisive figure in Qin's politics, diplomacy and military affairs. In the ever-changing and treacherous environment, he mainly relied on diplomatic means and adopted Lian Heng's strategy to "disperse the followers of the six countries and make them take care of Qin in the west", which greatly expanded the national prestige of Qin and had a great deterrent effect in the vassal States. Jing Chun, a disciple of Mencius, praised him and said, "Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi are real men! Anger is the fear of the princes, and peace is the destruction of the world. " Zhang Yi used military and diplomatic means to make the State of Qin "rise from the land of Sanchuan in the east, join Bashu in the west, take the county in the north and Hanzhong in the south", which played a positive role in the hegemony and future reunification of the State of Qin. In the 14th year of Qin Yuan Geng (the first 3 1 1 year), Qin died of illness and his son acceded to the throne. Dissatisfied, Zhang Yisu abandoned Qin for Wei and died in Wei in the second year (309 years before).
[bis]
"Father of Lian Heng"-Zhang Yi
First, the department is famous.
Zhang Yi, an old friend of Su Qin, is said to be the queen of Wei nobles during the Warring States Period. Worship Mr. Guiguzi with Su Qin. After Su Qin created the law of union and lobbied the six countries to unite against Qin, Zhang Yi used Lian Heng's technique to lobby the six countries to be pro-Qin and break up the union. Together with Zhang Yi, he performed the scene of chaos at the end of the Warring States Period.
Second, test the advantages.
Zhang Yi debuted a little later than Su Qin, and she didn't meet Qin's hurdle. Relatively speaking, her career is relatively smooth. Legend has it that Su Qin hung the national seal of the six countries. Zhang Yi went to Su Qin and asked him to do something with him. Su Qin said, you are as talented as I am. Now, I want to seal the six countries. If you take refuge, you won't be reused. In addition, if I help the six countries to destroy Qin, I will be envied by others because of my great contribution. Now you should take refuge in the state of Qin and oppose my "alliance". Of course, the legend is not credible, but we can also see how influential Su and Zhang are.
In Su Qin, Zhang Yixi was highly valued by King Huiwen of Qin when he arrived in Qin, and made great achievements. In 328 BC, Zhang Yi officially became Qin Xiang and began to implement the "Lian Heng" strategy. He and the king of Qin agreed to go to Wei first, and strive to make Wei deviate from the Covenant of the alliance and get on well with Qin. When he arrived in Wei, he pointed out to Wang Wei that even brothers would still compete for property, not to mention that the six countries had their own "strategies" and the alliance could not last long. Wei is surrounded by other countries, with flat terrain and no danger to defend. Only by relying on Qin can we ensure safety. But Wang Wei didn't take his advice, so Zhang Yi secretly told the king of Qin to send troops to attack Wei. Under the strategy of combining hard and soft, Wang Wei finally gave up the alliance contract and turned to form an alliance with Qin.
Third, break the "vertical" with "horizontal"
After returning to the state of Qin, Zhang Yi took the initiative to ask the king of Qin to send an envoy to Chu to break the Qi-Chu alliance. When he met the king of Chu, he said that among the seven heroes today, Qin, Chu and Qi are the most powerful. Of the three, Qin is the strongest and equal. If Chu is allied with Qin, then Chu is stronger than Qi. On the other hand, if Qi first allied with Qin, Qi would be stronger than Chu. Therefore, the best way out for Chu is to form an alliance with Qin. He also promised that after Chu broke off diplomatic relations with Qi and formed an alliance with Qin, Qin would return more than 600 miles of commercial and Henan lands to Chu. The king of Chu was moved by immediate interests, regardless of the opposition of his ministers. Zhang Yi sealed Hou, broke off diplomatic relations with Qi, and sent generals back to Qin with Zhang Yi to retrieve the land of Shang Zhou. Who knows that after returning to Qin, Zhang Yi pretended to hurt her foot and didn't show up for three months. When the king of Chu learned of this, he thought that he had not broken up with the State of Qi, so he sent people to the State of Qi to curse the king of Qi, who was furious and decided to form an alliance with the State of Qin. At this time, Zhang Yi told the accompanying generals of Chu that what he promised the king of Chu was not the six-mile commercial land, but his own six-mile phoenix instrument. The king of Chu was furious when he learned that he attacked Qin with hundreds of troops, but he was defeated by the allied forces in Chyi Chin, and his 80,000 troops were lost! The land in Danyang and Hanzhong was taken away by Qin. Unwilling to fail, the king of Chu mobilized the whole country to attack the state of Qin, but was defeated again, so he had to cut two cities and make peace with the state of Qin again. The king of Qin proposed to exchange the land of merchants for the land of Guizhou in Chu. The king of Chu actually replied that he would hand over the land of Guizhou as long as he got Zhang Yi, and personally punished him. Regardless of personal safety, Zhang Yi single-handedly bribed the King of Chu, bribing his favorite Shanxi businessman and his wife Zheng Xiu, which made the King of Chu change his attitude towards himself. Later, he suggested to Wang Jian of Chu that he could persuade the king of Qin not to be in the middle of Guizhou, and the governors of the two countries held each other hostage and became friends forever. The king of Chu was very happy about it. So, in this way, Qi and Chu also broke away from the "alliance" and formed an alliance with Qin.
After returning to the State of Qin, Zhang Yi immediately went to other countries, making them change from United against Qin to pro-Qin in Lian Heng. He was also named Wu Xinjun by the King of Qin. After the death of King Huiwen of Qin, Qin Wuwang, who acceded to the throne, didn't like Zhang Yi when he was a prince, so Zhang Yi fled the state of Wei and became. He died two years later (309 years ago).
Zhang Yi, with her superb ingenuity and argumentation skills, disintegrated the six-nation alliance founded by Su Qin before his death. After his death, although the six countries broke away from Lian Heng and resumed their alliance, it could not last long. It can be said that Zhang Yi's skill of Lian Heng became the basic strategy of Qin to destroy six countries and unify the whole country.
[Edit this paragraph] Historical Textual Research
"The Warring States Policy" recorded that Zhang Yi and Su Qin were in opposition, one vertical and one horizontal, and wrote articles to attack each other, which was inconsistent with historical facts. Later, influenced by this, Sima Qian listed Zhang Yi and Su Qin as contemporaries in Historical Records. Even after Zhang Yi succeeded in Su Qin, he was inspired by Su Qin and entered Qin. It is also inconsistent with historical facts that Zhang Yi died after Su Qin. According to research, Yi Cheung was in the front, Su Qin was in the back, and Gongsun Yan, Hui Shi, Marco and others accompanied Yi Cheung. Su Qin didn't start politics until after the death of Zhang Yi. Among strategists, Zhang Yi is obviously the predecessor of Su Qin. The age of Zhang Yi in Historical Records is basically correct, which advances Su Qin's experience by about 30 years. For thousands of years, people have been influenced by this, which makes Zhang Yi's deeds ambiguous and it is necessary to make another biography.