morphological character
Rat girl
The body is oval or rectangular, relatively flat, with a slightly longer back, and the body can be curled into a ball. Some varieties have smooth backs, while others have rough textures. The head is small and inconspicuous, embedded in the front edge of 1 chest. There are prominent leaves in the middle and both sides of the head section. Big breasts, 7 days free. There are 6 abdominal segments, the first two abdominal segments are narrower, but not significantly narrower than the chest, and each segment narrows backwards. The lateral surface of each thoracoabdominal segment will generally expand to form lateral lobes, the outer end angles on both sides of each thoracoabdominal segment protrude backward and downward, and the end of the tail segment mostly protrudes backward in a triangle shape. The eyes are developed and compound. 1 The antenna is very small with a short whisker sensor at the top; The second antenna is longer with 5 nodes in the handle and 2 nodes in the whip. The labial base is arched, the maxilla has no tentacles, and the cut part is highly chitin. Generally, there are two toothed plates with membranous petals behind them, and the molars are degenerated. 1 The outer lobe of mandible is chewing leaf, and the inner lobe is long and narrow with two bristles; The top of the second mandible is divided into two lobes with 1 marginal angle near the base. The base of jaw limb is wide and thin.
Seven pairs of chest limbs, slender, are walking limbs suitable for land life. 1 is hermaphrodite, and the hatching sac is formed by the egg-holding plate attached to the abdominal shell between the bases of the female No.2 and No.5 breasts. There are five pairs of abdominal limbs. 1 ~ 2 The artificial trachea with branches on the abdominal limbs is a unique respiratory organ adapted to humid environment. The male joint is formed by connecting the inner limbs of 1 abdominal limb, which is conical; The terminal is highly chitin; The inner limb of the second abdominal limb forms a slender whip. The tail limb has two branches, the outer limb is flat and lanceolate and protrudes beyond the end of the tail segment, and the inner limb is short and long.
Ecological habit
Rat-girl is one of crustaceans adapted to land life, and usually lives in humid and humus-rich places, such as wet stones, rotten wood, tree holes, wet grass and moss, water tanks in the courtyard, flower pots and even indoor humid places. Omnivorous, eating dead leaves, hay, green plants, fungal spores and so on.
Autumn is the peak of mouse reproduction. It takes about 26 days to hatch into larvae at 265438 0℃.
Shared species
(1) sagitta.
Widely distributed all over the world. It is 8mm in length and about 1/2 in width. The back of the body is dark brown, the ventral surface is grayish white, and there are no tumor-like nodules on the body surface. The end of the tail segment is round and blunt, and the inner limb of the tail limb is short, and its end is not more than or even with the tail segment. The cross sections of the fourth and fifth sections of the second antenna handle are circular, and the length of the 1 section of the whip is 1/2 of the second section. ?
(2) Bo Serio Laves.
Originated in the old world and then widely distributed all over the world. The body is rectangular. The back is slightly raised and the body surface is smooth. The back of the body is brownish gray and the center is dark. The abdominal surface and accessories are pale yellow. The male is 10- 15mm long and 6.0-8.5mm wide (4th thoracic segment), and the female is 10mm long and 5.5mm wide (4th thoracic segment). The cross sections of the fourth section and the fifth section of the second antenna handle are circular, and the whip lengths of the two sections are slightly equal. The lateral lobes of the head are round and blunt.
(3) Echinococcus quadrilineatus
Originated in the old world and then widely distributed all over the world. The body is rectangular and the back is slightly arched. The body length is 6.8-9.5mm, and the body width is 3.2-4.2mm. The body surface is scattered with neat transverse granular nodular nodules, and the nodules on the head are dense, so the head surface is very rough. In addition to scattered nodules on the surface, there are also rows of small nodules arranged at the edge of the posterior thoracic segment. Nodules of the 2nd-4th abdominal segment are only distributed at the outer edge, while the nodules of the 5th abdominal segment are not obvious, and the caudal segment is smooth and lacks nodules. In addition to nodules, the body surface is scattered with purple-brown pattern spots, mostly on both sides of the chest segment, except for the tail segment, the body background color is almost dark gray. The tail segment and tail limb (except the tip of the limb) are bright and colorless. The cross sections of the fourth and fifth parts of the second antenna handle are square.
(4) Mylabris
Widely distributed all over the world. The body is oval and can't be rolled into a ball when alive. The male is 6.0-7.0mm long and 3.5-3.8mm wide (in the 4th thoracic segment). The female is 7.8-8.5mm long and 4.5-5.0mm wide. The back center of the body color is generally gray-black, and some individuals have lighter stripes or spots, and the body side is pale yellow, forming a border color. Small nodular nodules are scattered on the back of the body. Rough body surface. The back of the body is relatively high and the sides of the body are relatively flat. The cross sections of the fourth and fifth parts of the second antenna handle are circular. The end of the caudal joint is sharp. The end of the inner limb of the tail limb exceeds the tail segment.
(5) Bombyx mori
Only found in China. The body is oval, and the male is 1 1mm long and 6 mm wide. The female is 8 mm long and 4 mm wide (in the 4th thoracic segment). Brown or flesh color, light yellow pattern, more regular. Small round ivory fungus robes are attached to the back, abdomen, antennae, chest and abdominal limbs of the body. Fine particles and short bristles are scattered on the body surface, and the second antenna is longer, which is equivalent to 1/2 of the body length. The cross sections of the fourth and fifth sections of the handle are round.
(6) Paragonimus argentinus
The male is 6.8mm long and the female is 5mm long. The body color is brownish red, and the head has slightly oval green and yellow spots. Two longitudinal dark stripes are formed on both sides of the center of the back. There are no tumor-like nodules on the body surface, and the end of the tail segment is blunt and round. The inner limb of the tail limb is short, and the end does not exceed the tail segment or is flush with the tail segment. The cross sections of the fourth and fifth sections of the second antenna handle are circular, and the 1 of the whip is reduced to 1/3 of the second section.
(7) Other similar animals
Many animals in the suborder Tide are similar to mouse wives in life habits and external morphology, especially in common names.
A. Animals of the same family and different genera
Rat woman: The main feature different from rat woman is that the abdomen is obviously narrower than the chest.
Philoscia: The main feature that distinguishes it from the mouse wife is that the abdomen is obviously narrower than the chest.
Leptotrichus: The main characteristics different from the mouse wife are: the antenna in the second section is shorter, and the 1 section of the whip is shorter than the second section. The outer limb of the tail limb is conical, and the male is no longer than the female.
B. Rats and gynecological animals
The main feature that distinguishes it from the female rat is that the head is obviously embedded in the front edge of 1 thoracic segment. The base of the lip is at right angle, the second antenna is short, and the chest and limbs are not very long. The end of the tail limb should not exceed the tail segment, and the abdomen should not be narrower than the thoracotomy. The body can be curled up into a ball. The front lobe of the head is round.
Harm and prevention
harm
Roller rats mainly harm tomatoes, rape and so on. Symptoms: Larvae damages leaves, resulting in tree loss. In severe cases, you can eat mesophyll, leaving only veins and petioles. Adults are 9 ~ 15 mm long, ranging from brown to gray-blue, and the edges of each carapace are yellow and white. Most of them occur in coastal areas. It occurs every two years in Dalian, with 1 generation, overwintering underground as adults or larvae, and appears in large numbers in March of the following year, which is at the seedling stage. Staying in the daytime and coming out at night, with negative phototaxis.
Preventive and control measures
Poisoned soil: Sprinkle 2.3% deltamethrin or 20% metronidazole mixed soil on the ground, and use 50 ~ 100g to 10 ~ 20kg soil per mu.
Acquisition method
For the convenience of collection,
Rat girl's baby
Scoop up the lawn with soil with tree roots and cover it upside down on the lawn near the wall (two or three layers can be covered). Don't water for the first few days. When the grass is dry, water it with a small amount of water for about three days, as long as it is relatively wet. If you start collecting in about a month, you can get a large number of female rats. And the collection process is very convenient, just take the turf away. In the process of collecting mice, we must be careful to protect them. After collection, take some wet soil from the container and pay attention to ventilation. Wet soil is best rich in organic matter, and black is the best color. At the same time, you can put some rotten leaves or small roots of some plants. When collecting, you can also dig a hole in the ground in a dark corner, put a plastic cup with the mouth flush with the ground, and put a little fruit in the cup to lure a large number of rats and women overnight.
Feeding method
In the laboratory, mice and women can be kept in big pots, such as plastic sinks, or in boxes of moon cakes. Put some screened soft soil in the box. The soil is rich in organic matter, especially black soil. You can put some rotten leaves in it.
Sensitivity of rat and girl to light
. The water content of soil should not be too large. A small amount of water can be sprayed into the soil every day, and too much water drops into the soil, which is easy to form mud or mud, slow down the activities of rats and women, and even lead to death. You can do a small test by hand. Grab a handful of soil with your hands and squeeze it hard. There is no water flowing out of your fingers. Let go of your hand and touch it gently. The loose soil indicates that the soil moisture is moderate. At the same time, change the soil every three days, not more than a week at the longest. Don't change all the soil, you can put half and leave half.
The density of female rats should not be too high. About 25 ~ 30 female rats can be raised in a container of 1000 ml. If the density is too high, the female mouse is easy to die. The basin can be covered with black cloth to ensure sufficient air. At the same time, cover the black cloth with rubber to prevent the mouse and girl from escaping.
clinical application
Rat girl
In traditional Chinese medicine, rat poison has medicinal value. As a kind of medicinal material, rat poison comes from the dried whole grass of Echinomidae, mainly produced in Jiangsu. Domestic literature research shows that the extracts of the two drugs have basically the same efficacy, and it is feasible to mix them randomly in clinic.
According to Compendium of Materia Medica, the wife of a rat is sour and cool, and has the functions of relieving asthma, diuresis, detoxification, pain relief and sedation. External use has foaming effect, and can be used to treat asthma, dysuria, bloody stranguria, amenorrhea, convulsion, sores, chronic malaria, cold and heat, etc. In addition, the breeding of rats and girls can be applied to livestock and poultry feed.
(1) Treatment of hemorrhoids: the ground lice (preferably alive) are burned on the ceramic tile and processed into powder, and the treatment is both internal and external, with excellent curative effect.
Rat girl
(2) Treatment of verruca vulgaris: Song et al. used this insect liquid to wipe the surface of verruca vulgaris. Generally, after 2 ~ 3 days of application, the wart body will dry, shrink, harden and gradually fall off, with the shortest falling off time of 2 days and the longest falling off time of 6 days.
(3) Treating moderate and severe cancer pain.
(4) Treatment of stomatitis and tonsillitis: Take 30 ~ 40 live female rats, bake them on a tile and grind them into powder, add a little borneol, bottle and seal them. Take the medicine at the same time and blow it on the affected part, 2 ~ 3 times a day. Treat more than 250 cases of stomatitis, tonsillitis, thrush and gingivitis, and generally cure in 3-5 days.
(5) Treatment of chronic tracheitis: the rodenticide is crushed, treated with 60% alcohol and made into tablets to treat chronic tracheitis. The type of deficiency of both lung and kidney and cold is better. It has certain curative effect on asthma, cough and phlegm. Side effects: Most people have different degrees of dry mouth reaction after taking the medicine, and 3 cases have nosebleeds after taking the medicine, which disappear by themselves after stopping taking the medicine.
(6) Treatment of postoperative pain: It is recorded that the rodenticide was washed, decocted with 1∶ 15 or 1∶20 water until the content was 10%, filtered with three layers of gauze, and an appropriate amount of preservative was added, and the patient was given 5 ~ 10 ml orally each time.
Rat girl
(7) Treatment of malaria mother complicated with hepatorrhagia syndrome: A patient had aversion to cold and fever for 8 months, accompanied by progressive emaciation, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly, but it was ineffective after being treated in hospital for 2 months. It has been warm malaria for a long time and has become the malaria mother of hepatopathy. Zhu Shengdian was treated with rat poison (baked and ground), Bupleurum, Scutellaria baicalensis, peach kernel, platycodon grandiflorum, Trichosanthes root and Scutellaria barbata. After taking 35 doses, the fever became worse, and the liver and spleen gradually increased. Ask him to take turtle, turtle and placenta regularly. After 6 months, resume physical labor. After two years of follow-up, the lower liver has shrunk to 1 cm under the rib, and the spleen is 1.5 cm under the rib.
(8) Treatment of liver cancer: 1 patient suffered from cerebral hemorrhage, abdominal distension and anorexia, which became more and more serious. A liver scan was done in the hospital, and it was found that there was a space occupying lesion in the left lobe of the liver, and α-FP was positive, which was diagnosed as liver cancer. Zhu Shengdian used Ji Hua Pill to add flavor, and the prescriptions included rodenticide powder (for oral administration), Coicis Semen, Ligustrum lucidum, Rhizoma Sparganii, Rhizoma Curcumae, Areca catechu, Bupleuri Radix and so on. After taking 55 doses, ascites subsided, appetite increased, swelling and pain were reduced, and there was no discomfort. After using the original prescription or using rodenticide powder alone, the symptoms were stable for 7 months.