During the Jin-Tai-Yuan period, Wu Lingren took fishing as his occupation. Walk along the stream and forget the distance. Suddenly I met the peach blossom forest, and I caught a hundred steps on the shore. There were no miscellaneous trees, and the grass was delicious and colorful, which made the fishermen very different. If you go any further, you will want to be poor. If there is no water in the forest, make a mountain. The mountain has a small mouth and seems to have light. By boat, by mouth. Only by being narrow at first can we understand people. Take a few steps and you will be cheerful. The land is flat and spacious, the houses (shè) and (yǐ n) are natural, and there are fertile fields and beautiful mulberry ponds. Money (qiān) blames (mi) traffic, and chickens and dogs hear each other. Men and women are familiar with each other's clothes (zhuó). Yellow hair (tiáo), naturally there is pleasure (yí). Seeing the fisherman, he was shocked and asked him what he had not done. Answer it. You still have to (yāo) go home and set out wine to kill chickens for dinner. When the village heard about this man, Xian came to inquire. Since Yun's ancestors led their wives to the city (Yi) to avoid the chaos of the Qin Dynasty, they came to this desperate situation and did not come back, so (Su) was isolated from the outside world (Ji). You ask what this world is, and I don't know if there are any Han Chinese, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. This person has a sound every word, and he sighs without exception (w m \u n). The rest (yú) went back to their homes, eating and drinking. I stopped for a few days and then resigned. This China language (yù) says: "(wèi) is not enough to be a humanitarian." Help the road when you get off the boat, and you are determined everywhere. And under the county (j and n), yi (y) can be said to be the satrap. The satrap (Qi m￠n) followed him, found what he wanted, got lost and lost his way. Nanyang people (Ji), when he was noble, heard about it and happily planned to go, but failed, and finally found out the disease. Nobody took care of it after that.
Annotation of works
Wuling: County name, now Changde, Hunan. Occupation: take ... as a profession and make a living from it ... in favor of: as. Edge: along, along. Ok: Let's go. Far and near: an adverb with a biased meaning, which means far here. Meet suddenly: meet suddenly. Sandwiched between banks: on both sides. Miscellaneous: something else, something else. Fang: refers to flowers in general. Delicious: bright and beautiful. Falling Flowers English: Falling Flowers. For example, the first flower. Colorful: various appearances. What: very, very. Difference: conation usage, "take ... as different", feel surprised and surprised ... desire: want. Poverty: exhausted, exhausted, which means walking. The forest is at its source: the forest is at its source, which means that the peach forest ends where the stream originated. Then: So, just. D: yes. As if: vague and unreal. If: it seems so. Give up: Give up. Chu: At first, at first. Cai: Only. Yes: Yes. Answer: Again. Ok: let's go. Suddenly enlightened; Cheerfulness: Cheerfulness. Describe the sudden change from narrow darkness to open and bright. However, the emergence of ... Ping: Ping. Vast: spacious. S: The house. Like: a neat appearance. (Different meanings in ancient and modern times) 1. Auxiliary words play a grammatical role and have no practical significance. Genus: class. Traffic in architecture: fields and paths crisscross. Buildings and field paths are called buildings in the north-south direction and buildings in the east-west direction. Traffic, criss-crossing. (The word "flow" is intertwined. ) chickens and dogs can hear each other's crows and barks. Planting: farming and working. Dress: dress up. Sita: All, all. Outsider: refers to people outside the Peach Blossom Garden, the same below. There is a better translation: people from another world, because Taohuayuan people have been isolated from the world from Qin to Jin. Yellow hair always refers to the characteristics of longevity, that is, the elderly. Sagging hair, here refers to children. (metonymic rhetoric) and: all. Yiran: A cheerful look. Yes, it's convenient. Big: Very, very. Never: From ... Tools: Details. One: Pronouns refer to questions asked by Taoyuan people. To (yāo): Invite, invite. Salty: adverb, du, du. Inquire: To inquire about (information). Yun: Say. Ancestor: Ancestor. Wife: refers to the wife and children. Yi people: people in the same village, neighbors. Rate: lead. Despair: an isolated place. Answer: Come again, come again. Yan: both, equivalent to harmony, starting from here. Sui: So. Interval: isolation. Today: Now. Nye (I didn't know there was Hannah): Actually. Whatever: forget it, forget it. It means: give. Words: detailed. (Tools: General "furniture" is detailed and specific. ) smell: refers to the world known by fishermen. (smell: know, listen) sigh: sigh, regret is extended to: invite. Postpone, invite. Stop: stop. Say goodbye to: leave: say and tell to. Insufficient: not worth it. (Different meanings in ancient and modern times) is: preposition, item, right. Help to the road: just go back along the original road. Help: Aaron, Aaron. Item: I see. Everywhere: There are signs everywhere. Pool: Nouns are used as verbs and marked. And: arrive. Under the county: the location of the satrap refers to Wuling. Yi: Pay the audience. So: I saw it in Taohuayuan. Namely: defecation. Send: Send. Find what you want: look for the marks you made before. What you wrote, what you did. Pool: Mark. Item: The old one. Sui: Finally. Answer: Again. D: yes. Noble: a noble character. Hermit is very happy: happy. Rule: plan, plan. No: nothing: realization. Search: Soon. Ending: death. Places of interest: Tianjin: Ibn Ferry. Asking for directions here means visiting and asking for help. Xanadu: an ideal place for quiet environment, no external influence and comfortable life. Now it is used to describe an illusory realm of happiness beyond social reality.
Translation of works
In the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a Wuling man who took fishing as his profession. One day, he rowed along the stream and forgot the distance. Suddenly I saw (a) peach blossom forest, which grows on both sides of the stream, hundreds of steps, and there are no other trees in the middle. Flowers and plants are bright and beautiful, and the fallen flowers are chaotic. The fisherman was surprised by this. Go further and want to go to the end of the peach blossom forest. The peach blossom forest disappeared at the source of the stream and saw a mountain. There is a small hole in the mountain, and there seems to be light in it. The fisherman abandoned the boat and entered through the hole. It was very narrow at first, and only one person could pass through. I took dozens of steps forward, and suddenly my eyes became spacious and bright. The land is flat, the houses are neat, and there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds and bamboo forests. The paths in the field are intertwined, and the chickens and dogs hear each other. There people come and go to farm and work, and men and women dress like foreigners. Old people and children are very carefree and happy, having a good time. People in the Peach Blossom Garden were surprised when they saw the fisherman. They asked him where he came from, and they all gave detailed answers. (Someone) invited (the fisherman) to his house to treat him with wine and chicken. When people in the village heard that there was such a person, they all came to inquire about the news. They said that their ancestors led their wives, children and fellow villagers to this isolated place in order to avoid the war in the Qin Dynasty, and never went out from here again, so they cut off contact with outsiders. They asked what dynasty it was, but (people in Taoyuan) didn't even know there was a Han Dynasty, let alone Wei and Jin Dynasties. The fisherman told them everything he knew in detail. They all sighed and regretted it. The rest invited (the fisherman) to their home and took out wine and food (to entertain him). The fisherman stayed for a few days, then said goodbye and left. People in the Peach Blossom Garden said to him, "(The situation here) is not worth telling outsiders." After he left the Peach Blossom Garden, he found his boat. He marked everywhere along the old road (back). When I arrived at the gate of the county (Wuling County), I visited the magistrate and said such things. The satrap immediately sent someone to follow him, looking for the mark he had made before, but finally he lost his way and never found his way again. Liu Ziji of Nanyang is a famous person with high moral character. Hearing this, I am glad to plan to go (visit). But I didn't find it, and I soon died of illness. No one has looked for it since then (Peach Blossom Garden).
Writing background
Tao Yuanming had the ambition of "helping the poor" when he was young. However, he lived in an era of changing owners in Jin and Song Dynasties. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was extremely corrupt, surrendered blindly to the outside world and settled in a corner of the rivers and lakes. The life of the ruling group is dissolute, civil strife continues, warlords have been fighting for years, and exorbitant taxes and levies have deepened the exploitation and oppression of the people. In the turbulent era when the country was on the verge of collapse, Tao Yuanming's ambition could not be realized at all. At the same time, the Eastern Jin Dynasty inherited the old system, implemented the door-door system, and protected the aristocratic bureaucratic privileges of aristocratic gentry, resulting in intellectuals from small and medium-sized landlords having no chance to display their talents. A poor man like Tao Yuanming, whose ancestors and fathers only held first-class official positions, had a premature decline in his family. Of course, he was "ambitious and dedicated." In addition, his personality is honest and frank, honest and honest, and he doesn't want to grovel and cling to the powerful, so he has a sharp contradiction with the dirty and dark real society and has a feeling of being out of place. In the first year of Yixi (405), he resolutely resigned from the Pengze county magistrate who had been in office for only 865,438+0 days, and finally got rid of the ruler, retired to the countryside and lived in seclusion for a long time. Although he is biased from a distance, he still cares about state affairs. In June of the second year of Yuanxi (420), Emperor Wu of Song abolished Emperor Gong Jin as the king of Lingling and changed his title to "Yongchu". In the second year, Emperor Wu of Song plotted to kill Gong Jin with poisoned wine. These can't help but cause waves in Tao Yuanming's thoughts. Starting from the inherent Confucian concept, he became dissatisfied with Emperor Wu of Song's regime and deepened his hatred of the real society. But he can't change or interfere with this situation, so he has to express his feelings with the help of creation, and create a beautiful realm opposite to the dirty and dark society, in order to entrust his political ideals and good interests. The Peach Blossom Garden was produced under such a background.
Appreciation of articles
At the beginning of the article, the beautiful and quiet peach blossom forest, with "lush grass and blooming flowers", foreshadows a simple and natural world. There, everything is so simple and beautiful, there is no tax, no war, no fame and intrigue. I can't even hear a little noise. The relationship between people is so peaceful and sincere. The author did not say the reason for all this, but vaguely revealed the news from the sentence "I don't know why there are Han people, no matter Wei and Jin dynasties": in the final analysis, it is because no ruling group stands above the people and attacks each other for personal gain. This imaginary world of Taoyuan is undoubtedly fascinating to people who live in the real world of hypocrisy, darkness, frequent wars and constant bloodshed. The author's simple brushwork appropriately expresses the breath of the Peach Blossom Garden, which makes the article more appealing. Of course, this ideal state did not exist in the reality at that time, but the author artistically showed the style of Datong society through his conception of Datong society, which was a spiritual sustenance of dissatisfaction with the dark reality. Most of the families in Taohuayuan are mainly cadres (it runs within the family). Among them, men and women dress like strangers. My hair is drooping and I am happy. " This can be seen from the words "men and women", "yellow hair" and "crying". The structure of the article is also quite ingenious. The author borrows the novel style and unfolds the story with a fisherman's experience as a clue. The account at the beginning, the time and the fisherman's native place are all written with confidence, as if they were true. This shortens the psychological distance between readers and works, and introduces readers from the real world to the dreamland of peach blossoms. On the contrary, if the beginning is "part of the intangible world", readers will feel far away and the appeal of the work will be greatly reduced. The Absence of Human Nature of Outsiders and the fisherman's return and lost direction to what he wants have brought readers back to the real world from this hazy and wandering world, and their hearts are still full of attachment to it. At the end of the article, the rules of Nanyang Liu Ziji failed, which made the whole article more interesting.
Brief introduction of the author
Taoyuanming statue
Tao Yuanming (about 365-427) was a famous poet and essayist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Because there are five willows in front of our house, we call ourselves Mr. Five willows, and the world calls us Mr. Jingjie. Poet, writer, lyricist and essayist at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. A native of Xunyang Chai Sang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After many twists and turns, I worked as a small official in various places for several years, then I got tired of the secular world, resigned and went home, and lived in seclusion from now on. Pastoral life is the main theme of Tao Yuanming's poems, and his related works include Drinking, Returning to the Garden, The Story of Peach Blossom Garden, Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, Returning to Xi Ci, Poetry of Peach Blossom Garden (Peach Blossom Garden is a preface to Taoyuan Poetry) and so on. He is known as the "pastoral poet". He is also the originator of pastoral school.