High school geography: knowledge of the Pearl River Delta

(1) Location: The Pearl River Delta is located in the south-central part of Guangdong Province, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao. The Tropic of Cancer runs through its northern part and borders the South China Sea, which is the mouth of the Pearl River. (2) Natural features: The Pearl River Delta is a composite delta consisting of Beijiang River, Xijiang River Delta and Dongjiang River Delta, with an altitude of about 50 meters and an area of about 1. 1.000 square kilometers. In the meantime, the hills are strewn at random, the rivers are vertical and horizontal, the soil layer is deep, the soil is fertile and the irrigation is convenient. It belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, rich in heat and long growing period, and can be harvested three times a year. It is rainy in spring, hot and humid in summer, frequent typhoons in summer and autumn, less cold in winter and obvious changes in four seasons. The flood season of rivers is from April to September. (3) Economic development: The Pearl River Delta is one of the four famous industrial bases in China, and together with the Yangtze River Delta, it is called the two engines of China's economy. At present, the economic growth mode of the whole Pearl River Delta has changed from extension to connotation, from labor-intensive to capital-technology intensive, from extensive management to intensive management, from traditional industry to modern industry, from urban-rural division to urban-rural integration, forming a knowledge-technology intensive industrial system with high starting point, high standards and large-scale tertiary industry and competitive main industrial clusters. In addition, it has formed comprehensive advantages in transportation, communication, finance, information consultation, high technology, tourism, culture and foreign exchange. As far as geographical advantages are concerned, they can be summarized as follows: ① Unique geographical advantages: superior natural geographical environment, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, facing Southeast Asia, natural sea lanes and good ports, and convenient foreign trade. Superior popularity advantage: It is one of the famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China, which is conducive to attracting investment. ③ Strong complementary advantages: As one of the international financial centers, Hong Kong is rich in capital, information resources and human resources, but the labor cost is too high and the market capacity is small; Macao is a world-famous tourist city, but its development space is narrow. The Pearl River Delta is rich in natural and human resources, and the rapid economic development has attracted a large number of cheap labor and technical personnel from the mainland, which, coupled with the radiation of the economy, has formed a huge consumer market. ④ Unique advantages of economic follow-up: Compared with Hong Kong, Macao and developed regions, the Pearl River Delta is a late-developing region. The geographical advantages adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao not only provide a lot of money and technology for local economic development, but also accumulate rich experience and lessons. ⑤ Abundant talents and technical advantages: Due to the rapid economic development and high economic benefits of the Pearl River Delta, it has attracted a large number of various technical and management talents in the Mainland, forming its unique technical and talent advantages. (4) Ecological environment and natural disasters: In addition to the environmental pollution caused by the discharge of waste water, waste gas and waste residue due to the development of industrial production in recent years, the oil pollution in the Pearl River Estuary caused by traffic and oil exploitation, as well as the red tide and salty tide in the Pearl River Estuary are all noticeable. Strong winds, heavy rains and storm surges caused by typhoon landing in summer and autumn are extremely harmful. Affected by human activities and the rapid changes of delta rivers, the flood threat is becoming more and more serious. (5) Tangji agriculture: ① the process of ecological cycle: the combination of mulberry, silkworm and fish can save the cost of feed and fertilizer. A. Use low-lying land, dig a pond, and pile the soil into a foundation. B. In pond culture, the pond mud is used as fertilizer to grow crops. C. Crops can also be used as feed, and ponds and bases are cultivated with each other to form a benign "land-water mutual cultivation". ② Classification: According to the different crops planted on the embankment, it can be divided into mulberry-based fish ponds, sugarcane-based fish ponds and fruit-based fish ponds. ③ Agriculture: accurate land use can produce rice, silk, sugar cane, fruits, flowers, fish and shrimp. ④ Industry: Due to the supply of the above-mentioned raw materials, the agricultural product processing industry is developed. ⑤ Landscape change: Due to the establishment of special economic zones and the development of industries and small towns, many fish ponds have been filled with soil, and the land use is in a transitional state as factories and houses. (6) Urbanization and migrant workers' mobility: With the development of economy, especially industrialization, urbanization in the Pearl River Delta region has developed rapidly, with the urbanization level reaching 73%, far higher than the national average. A contiguous urban agglomeration has been formed, with a high concentration of population and industry and strong economic radiation, and a "Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Circle" has been formed, including Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hong Kong and Macao. Another notable feature of the population composition in the Pearl River Delta region is the large number of migrants. The rapid economic development not only attracts outstanding talents from many parts of the country to work and settle here, but also attracts a large number of migrant workers, becoming one of the main destinations of migrant workers in China. According to incomplete statistics, plus migrant workers, Guangdong's population has exceeded 100 million, making it the most populous province in China.