After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing government borrowed a lot of foreign debts in order to pay reparations to Japan and "redeem" Liaodong Peninsula. In order to become China's creditors, the imperialist powers launched a fierce competition for capital export.
While trying to become China's creditors, the great powers exported capital to China in another way, that is, they seized the right to build railways, mine and set up factories in China.
2. Ending symbol: Xinhai Revolution.
The Revolution of 1911 was a thorough national democratic revolution in modern China. Politically and ideologically, it has brought immeasurable liberation to the people of China. The Revolution of 1911 opened a modern national democratic revolution in a complete sense, overthrew the autocratic monarchy that ruled China for thousands of years, established a harmonious regime, and ended the autocratic monarchy.
3. Reasons for the Great Powers to carve up China:/kloc-At the end of 0/9, due to the fierce competition of monopoly organizations, the capital output of the Great Powers increased day by day, and the colonial plunder of overseas countries became more intense. ? China's fiasco in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the surrender policy pursued by the Qing government greatly encouraged the great powers' ambitions for China. ?
The frenzy of expanding data to carve up China refers to the capital export of foreign powers in China at the end of 19, the seizure of leased land, and the division of "spheres of influence".
1896, Russia made great contributions by forcing Japan to return the Liaodong Peninsula, and induced the Qing government to sign the Sino-Russian Secret Treaty, which included the construction and operation of railways leading to Russia in the three northeastern provinces and the conditions for opening ports in wartime, thus triggering events in which the powers rushed to force the Qing government to draw spheres of influence, concessions and concessions. ?
This is an aggressive way with distinctive characteristics of the times, which embodies the aggressive requirements of the development of capitalism to imperialism. The impact of capital export on China is twofold. First, the powers strengthened political control and plundered China economically, which hindered the development of China's national industry. Second, China's natural economy has been further destroyed, which objectively provides conditions for the development of national capitalism.
The harmful effect of capital export on China is much greater and far-reaching than that of commodity export. Seizing the leased land and dividing the "sphere of influence" is a form of imperialism to carve up the world, which makes China face a serious crisis of national subjugation and extinction, from semi-colony to colony.
The frenzy to carve up China brought China into the capitalist world economic system and became an economic vassal of western powers. Except for a few cities along the coast and the Yangtze River, the economy of vast areas of China, especially rural areas, is on the verge of bankruptcy. The common rule of foreign imperialism and feudalism in China led to the economic backwardness and people's poverty in modern China.
It has brought profound disasters to the Chinese nation. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, the China regime was once again controlled by the conservative Cixi clique, and the people of China further realized that it was impossible to expect the Qing government to resist imperialist partition and aggression. Only the people rose to defend the territorial sovereignty of the motherland and the survival of the nation to the death.
However, China was bullied by foreign powers for a long time, which caused strong xenophobia in the local area and became the fuse of the Boxer Rebellion. Empress Dowager Cixi, who held the power of the Qing government, used the Boxer Rebellion to declare war on the eleven countries in the name of Guangxu on June 2 1900, which triggered the Eight-Nation Alliance War. ?
Baidu Encyclopedia-carve up China frenzy