Among the deaths caused by various natural disasters, the earthquake disaster accounts for the highest proportion, about 5 1%, which is far higher than other disasters such as meteorology, geology, ocean and forestry, so the earthquake disaster is listed as the first of the group disasters.
China is located between two major earthquake zones in the world, and it is a country with many earthquakes. Since 1900, there have been more than 600 earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above in China, and earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above have occurred in all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities except Guizhou and Zhejiang provinces and Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions. The earthquake disaster is shocking.
In order to prevent and mitigate earthquake disasters, China has formulated the People's Republic of China (PRC) Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Law, which came into effect on 1998.03. 1. This is the first important law in China to regulate the earthquake prevention and disaster reduction activities of the whole society.
Disaster reduction according to law
1, China's earthquake prevention and disaster reduction work is summarized as four links: earthquake monitoring and prediction, earthquake disaster prevention, earthquake emergency and post-earthquake disaster relief and reconstruction.
2, earthquake prevention and disaster reduction work, the implementation of prevention first, combining prevention with rescue policy.
3, earthquake prevention and disaster reduction work should be included in the national economic construction and social development plan.
4, strengthen scientific and technological research, and constantly improve the level of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction.
5. Governments at all levels should strengthen leadership and implement various policies, and all relevant departments should do a good job in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction according to the division of responsibilities.
6. All units and individuals have the obligation to participate in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction activities according to law. The People's Liberation Army, the armed police and the militia shall carry out the tasks of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction entrusted by the state.
7, strengthen earthquake monitoring and prediction, and gradually improve the level of monitoring and prediction.
8. All units and individuals shall protect earthquake monitoring facilities and earthquake observation environment according to law to ensure the safety of earthquake monitoring.
9, new construction, renovation and expansion of construction projects, should avoid harm to earthquake monitoring facilities and earthquake observation environment.
10, the authority to issue earthquake prediction lies with the provincial and municipal people's governments, and no unit or individual has the right to issue earthquake prediction without authorization.
1 1, new construction, expansion and reconstruction projects must meet the seismic fortification requirements. Major construction projects and construction projects that may have serious secondary disasters must be evaluated for seismic safety, and seismic fortification requirements must be determined and implemented.
12, the important buildings that have been built, without seismic fortification measures, should be identified according to the regulations, and necessary seismic measures should be taken.
13. The government should take effective preventive measures to prevent secondary disasters such as fire, flood, explosion and poison release caused by earthquake.
14, people's governments at all levels shall organize relevant departments to carry out publicity and education on earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, and enhance citizens' awareness of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction.
15, people's governments at all levels in key earthquake monitoring and defense areas should arrange appropriate earthquake relief funds and material reserves according to needs and possibilities.
16, the state encourages units and individuals to participate in earthquake disaster insurance.
17. People's governments at all levels in areas where destructive earthquakes may occur shall formulate emergency plans for destructive earthquakes and organize their implementation.
18. After the devastating earthquake, the local people's governments at all levels in the earthquake-stricken areas should immediately start emergency plans, organize disaster relief, and mobilize social forces to provide relief to the earthquake-stricken areas.
19. After the destructive earthquake, the departments in charge of earthquake management of the people's governments at or above the provincial level shall, jointly with relevant departments, investigate and evaluate the earthquake disaster losses; And report to the people's government at the corresponding level.
20. After the devastating earthquake, the government can take emergency measures such as traffic control and unified distribution of daily necessities.
2 1, after the devastating earthquake, the affected government should organize all efforts to rescue personnel and organize the masses to help themselves and each other.
22. After the devastating earthquake, the affected government should do a good job in medical rescue and health and epidemic prevention for the wounded.
23, quickly build shelters, do a good job in the transfer and resettlement of victims.
24, as soon as possible to restore the damaged transportation, posts and telecommunications, communications, water supply, power supply and other projects.
25, in the earthquake relief, any unit and individual must abide by the law, and consciously safeguard social order.
26. No unit may intercept or misappropriate funds and materials for earthquake relief.
27. The state protects earthquake sites according to law.
28, in violation of the provisions of the earthquake prevention and disaster reduction law units and individuals, according to the seriousness of the case can be given a warning, fines and other administrative penalties; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
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(Window of earthquake science popularization)