How to do social science research well?

Some experiences on social science research \x0d\ 1. About the topic \x0d\ 1. Significance of topic selection \ x0d \ Topic selection is an extremely important work in all social science research, and it is important for the following reasons: \x0d\ 1) It comes from readers (including editors and judges), \x0d\2) When you have a good topic selection, it is not easy to write new meanings. The so-called new meaning is mainly embodied in new ideas, new materials and new arguments. \x0d\ 2。 Requirements for selecting a topic \x0d\ Generally speaking, there are four requirements for selecting a topic: \x0d\ 1) Choose a question that interests you \x0d\ If you are interested, you will pay attention to observation, pay close attention to the materials and think more deeply. Without interest, the investment in research is bound to be limited, and it is difficult to have a deeper understanding without always paying attention to it. So, if you want to really have some experience, you'd better choose the questions you are interested in. \x0d\2) Pay attention to accumulation in topic selection \x0d\ There are many good problems worth studying, but whether we can study well depends on our own accumulation or pay more attention. Some people write articles to deal with any problems, or to complete a task, which leads to fewer opportunities to choose their own problems. These are divorced from the accumulation of previous studies or lack of long-term attention, and previous understanding and ideas cannot be the basis of current research problems; Moreover, such research cannot be the basis for further research in the future. If you don't pay attention to the accumulation of knowledge and opinions, you will often make the mistake of rogue. \x0d\3) Choosing the hot issues of social concern \x0d\ innovative topics of middle school students, it is difficult to make a breakthrough in basic research because of the lack of accumulation of basic research, especially in natural science and social science. It is best to choose hot issues of social concern. Judging from the awards of social science projects in this year's National Innovation Competition, this situation is obvious: there are 28 awards, including 6 first prizes, 2 second prizes 12 and 3 third prizes 12. Roughly classified, there are four major categories: first, social welfare undertakings and public construction issues (10), second, low-carbon categories (7), and third, vulnerable groups and cultures (4 each). One of the projects is the investigation on the resettlement of the Three Gorges Dam, which has attracted much attention. \x0d\ Some of these hot issues are very macroscopic, such as how to deal with the financial crisis, how to realize the sustainable development of society, and mass incidents. These problems are difficult to control and involve complex knowledge background, which is not suitable for middle school students to choose innovative topics. In recent years, some topics have certain macro characteristics, but the results are mostly vague. Only by choosing the breakthrough point of hot issues and seeing the big from the small can we draw valuable conclusions. For example, the problem of migrant workers is very big, but it involves many specific problems. Every specific issue is a good topic, such as the social security of migrant workers, the education of children and the protection of various rights and interests. We can investigate their basic situation, find out the existing problems, and also compare the gap between the effectiveness of the government in solving related problems and the actual needs, and put forward suggestions and suggestions for improvement. For example, the price problem in the market, what impact will it have on people's lives if prices rise too fast, and what different effects will it have on different people, and so on. \x0d\4) Choose representative questions \x0d\ Some questions are too small, have little impact, are difficult to spread, and have too few people to pay attention to. For example, some research topics involving local culture may not seem to be a big problem, so the conclusions of the research should have certain universal significance, otherwise the significance will be relatively less and the attention of the judges will be lower. \x0d\\x0d\ II。 Collection and use of data \x0d\ 1. First of all, we should get more comprehensive information through various channels. Through this information, we can fully grasp the research trends of related issues and understand the research progress. It is very important to summarize the viewpoints of related issues, which can provide basic scientific research trends and avoid repeated thinking and research. \x0d\ But there is too much information now, so it is very important to choose data. Be sure to select the content closely related to the theme from a large number of materials, and then read it carefully and write your own experience. Sometimes, you may read only one article a day and have a lot of ideas, which may be more meaningful than reading 20 articles a day, because you can make every point of this article clear, and you really think a lot of questions in the process, and you will certainly gain something. \x0d\2。 At the same time, we should look at the existing research \x0d\ achievements \x0d\ We should look at the published or published related research achievements in order to form our own views, get inspiration from others, and at the same time avoid detours instead of following him. Otherwise, your own research results will not be innovative and meaningless. \x0d\ Therefore, when we look at other people's research results, we should think while watching. We should learn from good ideas, but put question marks on some ideas, and see things that are different from what others think is common sense (for example, "people don't want products, just want perfection", and it seems that they have never had anything mentally, and so on. ), but also to ask why, put forward their own ideas and reasons. \x0d\3。 When using other people's research results, we should pay attention to two points: first, direct quotation must indicate the source; Second, criticizing other people's views must be accurate and rigorous, not aimless, or denied without sufficient reasons. \x0d\\x0d\ Third, pay attention to writing standards \x0d\ All research work must adhere to the standardization of research. Perhaps in the process of study and research, we found that many specifications are different, and some requirements for specifications may still be in conflict. However, some basic norms are consistent, which all research must abide by, such as the elaboration of theoretical trends, the determination of key points, the format of quotations and notes, and so on. However, from the perspective of decision-making consultation report, its main points and levels are different from academic publications, and it has its own characteristics and requirements. So we must be familiar with and understand the different requirements of academic norms and public decision-making suggestions, otherwise something will happen. Therefore, it is suggested to read more relevant research reports, such as the government work report, the decision-making consulting research report of the National School of Administration or the corresponding development strategy research report, so as to correctly understand the thinking and format of related research. \x0d\\x0d\ IV。 Main problems in writing research report \x0d\ 1. Pay attention to writing a summary of research status \ x0d \ For all kinds of research, the elaboration of research status is an important link. To explain the current research situation, we should explain the relevant research trends clearly through certain logic or classification methods; For decision-making research, it is necessary to clarify the current reality of a certain issue or problem. The summary of research trends is suggested to be written in two ways: one is to write from different angles, summarize the existing achievements of related research from several aspects, and point out the main representative figures and documents; First of all, from the historical development process, from the initial research to the later progress, the research progress of related issues is described, and the main characteristics and symbolic views of each research stage are expounded. After clearly expounding the research trends, we should evaluate them, analyze the progress made in related research and analyze the existing problems. Starting from the existing problems, choose the breakthrough point or breakthrough point to study the problems, so as to put forward valuable and insightful ideas and viewpoints. \x0d\ 2。 Highlighting the key points \ x0d \ Generally speaking, the application form requires highlighting several issues, such as the overall structure and thinking, key issues, innovations, research methods, etc. What we should pay attention to here is that the most important thing is to highlight the innovation points and refine the innovation points carefully, which makes people feel bright at the moment. \x0d\ 3。 The logic is clear at a glance \ x0d \ The whole research report should look concise, neat and clear, and experts do not need to find the key points and innovations themselves. \ x0d \ 6。 Fill in the previous grades truthfully, accurately and standardly. \x0d\ 7。 Pay attention to the discussion and revision of the first draft of the research report \ x0d \ argumentation and revision: After the first draft of the research report is completed, it must be demonstrated and revised. The members of the research group can discuss and demonstrate internally first, and then ask foreign experts to ask questions, but the specific revision opinions and plans are best thought by the research group itself. \x0d\\x0d\ V. Problems needing attention in countermeasure research \x0d\ (1) Types of decision consulting research \ x0d \ 1. Planning. The focus of planning research is to systematically study the basic principles, overall objectives, key directions, implementation measures and methods (including comparative research) of the future development of a certain field in this region. Planning research should have corresponding implementation measures and be targeted and effective. \ x0d \ 2。 Suggestions. Mainly put forward countermeasures and suggestions for some work. Its focus is not superficial, but constructive: foresight, feasibility and effectiveness. \x0d\ (II) Differences between basic research and decision-making research \x0d\ Judging from the topic selection: basic research is more academic research, so the topic selection itself should have academic characteristics and not be too realistic. This kind of topic selection generally focuses on choosing smaller problems, and if the problems are big, they will not go deep. The research topic of decision-making needs to find the hot and difficult issues that cadres and the masses care about from the real social practice, which is forward-looking and unlikely to study the problems thousands of years ago. \x0d\ From the structural point of view, academic research usually needs to summarize, analyze and evaluate the academic trends of related issues, so as to find out the problems that have not been solved or need further discussion, and explain the significance and role of this study. Decision research does not need these, but focuses on the existing problems and their crux, how to solve them, the reality and feasibility of solutions or ideas, and the conditions for solving them. Therefore, academic research pays more attention to theoretical and logical analysis, while decision-making research pays more attention to reality and feasibility, and there is no need to talk too much about why or how important it is. \ x0d \ 2。 Degree of mastery of the actual situation; ; 3. Whether it is forward-looking; ; 4. What is the feasibility? ; 5. Whether the scope of action is extensive; ; 6. Whether it will have a negative impact; 7. whether it is refined; (four) the problems that often appear in the study of countermeasures; 1. The title is not attractive; 2. It is not condensed on the basis of full research, and its connotation is poor; 3. The logical relevance is not strong, which is easy to cause confusion; 4. Big and empty, lacking maneuverability; 5. Too far away from hot issues, not paying attention; 6. Focus on one thing and lose another; 7. The problem is too small and the attention is low; 8. Simply compare \ x0d \ x0d \ 2. Grasp the actual situation; \ x0d \ 3。 Whether it is forward-looking; \ x0d \ 4。 What is the feasibility; \ x0d \ 5。 Whether the scope of action is extensive; \ x0d \ 6。 Will there be negative effects \ x0d \ 7. Is it exquisite? Whether the space is moderate and the main points are clear is clear at a glance. \x0d\ (4) Common problems in countermeasure research \ x0d \ 1. The title is not attractive. Sometimes the question is good, but the title is not eye-catching and others are not interested in reading it. \ x0d \ 2。 It is not concise on the basis of full research, and its connotation is poor. When further understanding is needed, it is difficult to have more abundant content, and it is impossible to conduct continuous research. \ x0d \ 3。 Logical relevance is not strong, which is easy to cause confusion. \ x0d \ 4。 Big and empty, lack of maneuverability. \ x0d \ 5。 It is too far away from hot issues to be concerned. \ x0d \ 6。 Take care of one thing and lose another. Solving one problem will lead to another, that is, the problem of negative effects. \ x0d \ 7。 The problem is too small and the attention is low. \ x0d \ 8。 Simple comparison, no particularity. \ x0d \ 9。 These cliches are nothing new. \x0d\ x0d \ VI。 Suggestions on guiding students to study technology \ x0d \ 1. The purpose of truly guiding \ x0d \ research is to improve students' interest in scientific and technological innovation and master research methods. The specific requirements of innovative research should be clear in the early stage, but in the process of guiding research, the focus should be on the direction and methods, rather than covering all aspects, otherwise it will be similar to agency and lose the original intention and purpose of guiding research. \x0d\ 2。 It is normal to participate in the competition according to the students' research flow and get good grades, otherwise it will not inspire. However, it is not uncommon for people to deviate from their goals. Therefore, the instructor should prevent students from completing the research or modifying tasks with the help of others or mainly with the help of others in the research process, otherwise it will lose the significance of participating in the innovation competition. \x0d\ 3。 Pay attention to the methods of prompting students to improve and modify the research results of the project \ x0d \ In this regard, I advocate adhering to three "ideas": \x0d\ 1) Adhering to the concept of "don't get angry, don't get angry and don't make a fuss". You can't tell the students the problems directly first. You should guide them to find problems and then think about them. Students should put forward their own solutions first. \x0d\2) Adhere to the concept of "articles are changed immediately". The process of revision is a process of further thinking and coordination. The revision of the research report should be repeated, and it is necessary to establish the consciousness that revision is as important as research, and overcome the tendency of emphasizing the research process and neglecting the revision process. This is often overlooked, but it is very important. \x0d\3) Adhere to the concept of "lighting the flame and abandoning indoctrination". We should try our best to ignite students' interest and passion. We should not impose our own views on students, but encourage students to give full play to their innovation and thinking ability. We should not be bound by the already formed framework, ideas and structure of results, and we should not impose teachers' views on students. Otherwise, the review process will not be an innovation process, and the review quality will be very limited. \x0d\ From the research process and research methods, academic research refers to other people's research results, selects problems from existing problems for research, and puts forward new viewpoints; On the basis of understanding the existing research results, decision-making research needs more investigations, including field visits. On the basis of investigation and study, analyze and summarize, draw your own conclusions and put forward your own suggestions.