The symbols and methods of comprehensive flow chart come from system analysis method, which we call data flow chart. There are two modes to describe data flow: Yourdon-DeMarco mode and Gane-Sarson mode. The biggest difference between integrated flow chart and data flow chart lies in the application and scope. For example, data flow charts are used to analyze data processing, while IFD is applicable to any business process. Both the data flow chart and IFD show the information flow of the process, and IFD also shows the processing flow of the product in the process.
First, the route of transmission
Transmission refers to the flow and transmission of information in activities, files and external environment. It uses vector lines and arrows to display various interfaces. Here are some rules for the delivery route:
(1) The names of the transmission paths cannot be the same.
(2) The name of the communication channel not only represents the information spread, but also represents the understanding of the information.
(3) The way to input or output files does not need a name, but can be described by the file name. Other transmission paths must be defined.
Non-recursive paths can be distinguished by different thicknesses and different line types of virtual reality. The thick vector line generally represents the flow direction of the actual processed materials, such as the transfer of adhesive tape from the storage area to the processing area. Thin vector lines usually represent information flow in activities, such as reports or telephone calls. There are also coarse vector lines representing main flow or main processing path, and fine vector lines representing auxiliary paths (for example, scheduling and production control). There are two other things we need to know when drawing the delivery path.
First of all, the control points of the transmission path are not displayed in the comprehensive flow chart, but should be reflected in the process flow chart. Second, if a delivery path cannot be named, it may be because the delivery path is not fully defined. The transmission path can transmit several messages or streams, and it can also transmit unfinished messages or streams.
Two. activity
Activity refers to the work that needs to be completed in the transmitted information. In the integrated flow chart, we usually use circles to represent activities, and sometimes we also use ellipsis. No matter which method you use, you need to name the activity clearly and accurately. Every activity must be numbered, and the order of numbering depends on different.
Three. document
Archives refer to the collection of information or data, or the space for storing information and data. For an integrated flowchart, a document is a temporary repository of information or materials. For example, information files, such as tapes, computer disks, information cards, index files, books, etc. Materials include loading and unloading docks, warehouses, shelves and even wastebaskets. We usually use two parallel lines to represent documents, and the name of the document should reflect its nature. Because IFD is instructive to users, the name of the document needs to be clear and accurate. Try to avoid using numbers or abbreviations to name files, and note that there cannot be two files with the same name in the integrated flow chart.
Fourth, the external environment
In a comprehensive process diagram, we can describe any process with delivery paths, activities and documents. An integrated flowchart is more effective when the process is displayed in a diagram containing the external environment. The external environment refers to people or organizations outside the process boundary, who may be the organizer or the receiver of the process. Pay attention to this
Internal means "outside the process boundary". People within the process boundary
Or the organization wants to show it in an integrated flowchart with activities.
Generally, we use a rectangle with a name to represent the external environment and a transmission path to display input or output. The external environment rectangle should be used with care, because it cannot represent the main concern of the process. The external environment rectangle mainly explains the relationship between the process and the outside. If the rectangle represents the main concern of the process, the boundary range of the process cannot be defined accurately.