Treaty of nanking, also known as the Peace Treaty of Ten Thousand Years, the White Gate Treaty and the Jiangning Treaty, was the first unequal treaty in modern China history.
The agreement was signed on August 29th 1842 (July 24th, Daoguang 22nd) by Jiao Ying, an imperial envoy of the Qing government, and Pu Dinghui, a British representative, aboard the British ship "Gao Huali" anchored on Xiaguan River in Nanjing, marking the end of the first opium war.
Second, the Tianjin Treaty.
Tianjin Treaty was an unequal treaty that Britain, France, Russia and the United States forced the Qing government to sign in Tianjin during the Second Opium War in the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858). The Second Opium War was a war of aggression launched by Britain and France against China in order to further expand the privilege of aggression. 1856 65438+ 10 broke out, 1860 65438+ 10 ended.
1858, the British and French fleets attacked Dagukou with the support of the United States and Russia. Dagubao fell and the British and French forces invaded Tianjin. The Qing government sent imperial envoys Gui Liang and Hua Shanna to sign the Tianjin Treaty with representatives of Russia, the United States, Britain and France respectively.
Three. the treaty of beijing
The Beijing Treaty, including the Sino-British Beijing Treaty, the Sino-French Beijing Treaty and the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty, was an unequal treaty signed by the Qing government, Britain, France and Russia in Beijing after the Second Opium War in 1860.
The Qing government appointed an imperial minister Yi? As a negotiation and signing representative. The signing place is in the yamen of Beijing Ritual Department, which is the southeast corner of Tiananmen Square today. In addition, the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Reconciliation and Trade signed with Portugal in 1887 is also known as the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Beijing.
Fourth, treaty of shimonoseki.
Treaty of shimonoseki is an unequal treaty signed by the Qing government of China and the Meiji government of Japan in Shimonoseki, Japan on April 1895 and June 17, the 21st year of Guangxu. Formerly known as the New Testament of Shimonoseki, Japan called treaty of shimonoseki or Nissin Peace Treaty.
The signing of treaty of shimonoseki marked the end of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. The Chinese plenipotentiaries are Li Hongzhang and Li, and the Japanese plenipotentiaries are Ito Bowen and Lu Aozongguang.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The Treaty of Xin Chou
The Xin Chou Treaty is an unequal treaty with the largest amount of compensation and the most serious loss of sovereignty in China's modern history. The original copy of the Xin Chou Treaty was originally kept in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China, and now it is kept in the constant temperature and humidity warehouse of Shuangxi Palace Museum on the outskirts of Taipei.
This treaty marks that the Qing government has completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China, and China has completely become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which has seriously violated China's sovereignty and brought profound disasters to the people.
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