Yangquan was called "Yangquan" in ancient times. The paleolithic cultural sites in Zaoyan and other places in Yangquan City (about 654.38+ 10,000 years ago) are the beginning of the history of Yangquan discovered so far. The earliest historical records in this area are Han Feizi, Lv Chunqiu and other records about the establishment of a country in Yucheng Basin during the Spring and Autumn Period. Since the Western Han Dynasty, there have been Shang 'ai County (later renamed Shi 'ai County, Jun County and Pingding County), Jun County (later renamed Yu County) and Jun County, as well as Shouzhou, Chengtian Army, Pingding Army, Pingding House, Yuzhou and Pingding Zhili House.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the peasant rebels led by Gao Yingxiang and Li Zicheng moved to Yangquan, and thousands of poor peasants in Pingding County joined the rebels. During the period of Shunye in Qing Dynasty, thousands of peasants in the north township of Yuxian county besieged Weixian county under the leadership of leader Li Hualong, which dealt a heavy blow to the Qing soldiers, and Li Hualong died heroically. After 10 years, the rest of the peasant army went into hiding and continued to fight against the Qing dynasty. 1860 (the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing dynasty), farmers in Houchuan area of Yuxian county, headed by 80-year-old poor farmer Liu Shaofa, fought against taxes, forced rulers to make concessions on tax reduction and service reduction, and set up a monument to rectify malpractices. Around 1990 (the 26th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty), the Boxer Rebellion appeared in China, which pacified the Boxer Rebellion, burned down the Weibo Church, drove away the foreign priests and launched a struggle to help the Qing Dynasty. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the people of Yangquan launched an anti-aggression struggle for the mining right. 1905- 1908, the domestic gentry and Qu's struggle against the plundering of mines by British companies was supported by people from all walks of life in the province and the Shanxi Federation of Students Studying in Japan, which opened a new chapter in the national struggle to recover mining rights. After the victory of the Revolution of 1911, the Shanxi regime fell into the hands of Yan Xishan, and the people of Yangquan still lived in poverty. 19 13 (in the second year of the Republic of China), more than 10,000 villagers in Dongxiang, Yuxian County, led by Zhang, Yang and Liang Zhenquan, besieged the county town twice, and the struggle lasted 1 year. 1922 (Republic of China 12) In February 65438, domestic railway workers established the Yangquan Division of Labor of Zheng Tai Railway Federation. 1926, the grassroots organization of China * * * production party was established in Yangquan. After the defeat of the first revolutionary civil war, the Yangquan Party organization persisted in its struggle in a difficult and tortuous environment, cooperated with the Shanxi Special Committee to launch and lead the 193 1 Youth Month to "quell the mutiny" and founded the 24th Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Yangquan became the center of anti-Japanese and national salvation activities led by China's * * * production party in eastern Shanxi, and launched a wide-ranging anti-Japanese struggle. Yangquan Party Organization cooperated with the 12th Division and 19th Division of the Eighth Route Army, widely publicized and mobilized the masses, organized anti-Japanese armed forces, established anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines, established six county-level anti-Japanese democratic regimes in Shanxi-Chaji, Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan base areas, persisted in the Nanchang War behind enemy lines, cooperated with the main force of the Eighth Route Army, and won seven victories and the Hundred Regiments War (Lion Mountain in the southwest of the city was once one of the main battlefields of the famous Hundred Regiments War. After the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people in the liberated areas, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) 1947 Zheng Tai campaign, there were 4 1500 militiamen in Pingding (Lunan) county alone. In June of the following year, Pingding County organized 2000 militiamen to support the Jinzhong Campaign, mobilized 1 176 1 migrant workers and militiamen to support the Taiyuan Campaign in September, and sent more than 800 outstanding young people to join the army in June +065438+ 10. 1May, 947, the whole territory of Yangquan was liberated. The predecessor of Yangquan City is Yangquan Town, Pingding County. 1947 (thirty-six years of the Republic of China) After the liberation of Pingding in May, Yangquan Town was designated as a city from Pingding County.
Yangquan now:
administrative division
Yangquan is the political, economic, educational and cultural center in the east of Shanxi Province, and is an important part of China energy and heavy chemical industry base. The city covers an area of 4,452 square kilometers, with Taohe River passing through the city, green mountains and green waters, rich mineral resources and pleasant climate, and is known as the "hometown of coal and iron". It now governs three districts, namely, city, mine, suburb, Pingding County and Yuxian County, with a total population of1160,000.
Historical origin
In the past, there were five springs in Yangquan city, which flooded all the year round and nourished one side, so it was called Yangquan, and was later interpreted as Yangquan. Yangquan City has a long history, located in the "Three Jin Dynasties", with dangerous terrain, and has always been a battleground for military strategists. As early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, in order to meet the needs of military competition, Zhao Jianzi built a "city of peace" in this city, collected grain and grass, and sent troops to guard it, becoming an important military fortress. In 623 AD, Tang Gaozu Li Yuan once set up a state here, governing Shouyang, Yuxian, Shiai, Leping and other counties. It was promoted to a national organizational system, which was the first time in the history of ancient Yangquan. In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin launched the "Chen Qiao mutiny", where he formed the Pingding Army and sent troops to Taiyuan. 1905, Zheng Tai Railway set up a station in Yangquan. With the development of transportation, a number of mining and metallurgical enterprises have been established one after another, making Yangquan Station one of the birthplaces of modern industry in Shanxi. Subsequently, with Yangquan Station as the center, merchants gathered and gradually became a commodity distribution center in eastern Shanxi and connecting Shanxi and Hebei provinces. 1On May 2, 947, Yangquan was liberated and Yangquan City was formally established.
Geographical resources
Yangquan is rich in natural resources. Black (coal), white (bauxite) and yellow (pyrite) are called the "three treasures" of Yangquan. Abundant natural resources provide good conditions for economic development. At present, 52 kinds of mineral resources have been identified, including coal, iron, bauxite, refractory clay, pyrite, limestone, marble and dolomite, among which 32 kinds are of mining value, especially Yangquan's coal, bauxite and pyrite, which are well-known at home and abroad for their large reserves, high grade, shallow burial and easy mining. Yangquan coalfield covers an area of about 1.80 square kilometers and reserves of 1.27 million tons. Excellent coal quality, less ash powder and high carbonization degree, with a calorific value of about 7000 calories per kilogram. Bauxite and refractory clay have billions of tons of reserves, high ore grade, few impurities, compact structure and high refractoriness of 1750 degrees, which have long enjoyed a good reputation in the domestic and foreign markets. Pyrite has a distribution area of 49 square kilometers and a reserve of 2.5 billion tons. It has the characteristics of high sulfur grade, fuel-saving (carbon-containing) processing, high brittleness and non-sticking to the furnace. Building materials resources are all over the city, and together with "black, white and yellow", they have become the four dominant resources of Yangquan. Yangquan is rich in corn, millet, wheat, sorghum and other crops and more than 200 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines. Agricultural and sideline products mainly include walnuts, peppers, honey and frozen rabbit meat. The settled dried cucumber, sand goods and iron goods are well-known at home and abroad. In ancient times, they had the reputation of "offering dried cucumber as a tribute and pleasing the emperor with a dragon casserole".
Famous scenic spot
Yangquan is rich in tourism resources, with beautiful natural scenery and many places of interest. Up to now, there are still ancient city sites built in Zhao Jianzi at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Han Xin garrison site in Huaiyin in Han Dynasty, and Niangziguan garrison site of Princess Pingyang in Tang Dynasty. In Dongfushan in the south of Pingding, it is said that Nu Wa built a furnace here to refine stones to make up the sky, so that the stones in Dongfushan were reddish brown as a whole, but they did not sink but floated when put into the water. The stove still exists today, and there is an inscription in Shen Lu's Fushan Kitchen in the Ming Dynasty. The Tibetan Mountain, 60 kilometers north of the city, is said to have been hidden by Zhao orphans of the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. There is a legend of a Tibetan cave, where the name of the Tibetan Mountain was derived. In addition, Yangquan also preserves many ancient cultural sites, such as the grottoes in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the cliff stone carvings in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the main hall of the Guandi Temple in the forest rebuilt by the legacy of the Tang Dynasty in the Song Dynasty, and the ancient buildings since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. There are also 193 1 year China * * * armed uprising site, 1940 world-famous "Hundred Regiments War" main battlefield-Lion Mountain site. In addition, there are many ancient temples, stone tablets, ancient pagodas and other cultural relics. Liangjiazhai Hot Springs, Yaolin Temple and Niangziguan Waterfall with medical value, as well as the rare large stalactite caves in the north-Lotus Cave and Wuhua Cave, are unforgettable. Yangquan is also the connection point of Shanxi and Hebei tourist areas, and it is convenient to reach Taiyuan Jinci, Wutai Mountain, a Buddhist holy place, Xibaipo, a revolutionary holy place, the former headquarters of the Eighth Route Army in Zuo Quan, Huangyadong, Cangyan Mountain in Jingxing, Zhengding Buddhist Temple and Grand View Garden.
Yangquan culture has a long history. In ancient times, there was a saying that "the culture of the three Jin Dynasties was fixed" (pacify and settle down), and it was once known as "a famous country in literature" in history. Yangquan emphasized education, advocated learning and advocated culture. According to documents, Guanshan Jingshe was built as early as the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, but Lv Gong Guanshan Academy was famous in Shaanxi and North China as early as the Yuan Dynasty. Ming and Qing Dynasties successively established Mingxian Academy, Gao Cen Academy, Huaiyin Academy and Chongshang Academy. Qiao Yu in Ming Dynasty, Dou Ai and Zhang Mu in Qing Dynasty and Shi Pingmei in modern history are outstanding representatives of Yangquan culture.
city construction
"The soaring wheel welcomes the moon into Yangquan, and the lights shine for half a day. Competing for praise is like going to Xiangdao, and flying is like meeting Taoyuan. " This is a brilliant poem left by Guo Moruo, a great contemporary poet in China, when he stayed in Yangquan in 1965. Now that 30 years have passed, Yangquan has become more elegant and colorful. Taohe River passes through the city, and the wide Taohe Bridge connects the north and south of the city, nanshan park and is built on the mountain. Taohe Park has a beautiful lake. After the transformation of the old city and the development of the new district, the urban roads in Yangquan are clean and wide. The "East-to-West Water Diversion Project" has enabled the daily water supply capacity of Yangquan City to reach 230,000 tons. At that time, Guo Moruo's imagination of "looking back at the precipitous jasper and looking back at Changhong" came true. The coal gasification penetration rate of urban residents exceeds 60%, and the urban central heating area accounts for 46% of the residential area. After the transformation of the old city, three markets, Xinglong, Westward Journey and Four Seasons Spring, have been built in Yangquan City, and a large number of infrastructure facilities, such as Yangquan Department Store, Xinglong Department Store, Yangquan Hotel, Materials Building, Industrial and Commercial Building, Exhibition Hall, Youth Palace, Gymnasium and Yangquan Railway Station, have been built. A large number of amusement places such as colorful music fountains and water world have been built. Today's mountain city is full of tall buildings, tree-lined, wide streets, convenient transportation and perfect infrastructure. As night falls, street lamps, colored lights and neon lights complement each other, and the streets are brightly lit, becoming a veritable city that never sleeps.
Traffic communication
Yangquan is a transportation hub in eastern Shanxi with convenient transportation and developed communication. Shitai Line, the first double-line electrified railway in China, runs through the urban area, starting from Beijing-Guangzhou Line in the east, Pudong Line in the west and Yangyang Line in the south. There are 10 stations in the territory, and 32 branch lines or dedicated lines are issued. Highway traffic has formed a highway network that runs through the east and west, runs through the north and south, has staggered branches, has a reasonable layout and radiates two counties and three districts with the urban area as the center. East to Hebei, west to Taiyuan, south to Changzhi and north to Wutai, extending in all directions. Taijiu expressway, the first high-grade highway out of Shanxi Province, passes through the border and is connected with Beijing-Shenzhen Expressway and Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Expressway, which greatly improves the investment environment of Yangquan and is very convenient to enter the east and exit the west. At present, Yangquan city and county have access to asphalt roads, rural roads and motor vehicles in every village. Highway traffic is developing in the direction of wide subgrade, large tonnage and high speed. With the rapid development of post and telecommunications, Yangquan is the first company in Shanxi Province to realize program-controlled networking. By 1994, the total installed number of program-controlled telephones has reached 40,000, realizing domestic and international direct dialing. The rapid popularization of communication facilities such as wireless paging, magnetic card telephone, mobile phone and fax provides very convenient communication conditions for foreign investment.
industrial system
After more than 40 years of construction and development, Yangquan has initially formed an industrial system based on energy, with metallurgy, chemicals, machinery and building materials as the pillars, light industry, textiles, food, electronics and other complete categories. Yangquan is the largest anthracite production base in China, with excellent quality and complete specifications. 70% of the annual output is sold to all parts of the country and Europe, Japan and the United States. Guishigou Coal Mine, with an annual output of 4 million tons of raw coal, is the largest anthracite mine in China, which is "synchronized" with washing and cogeneration. The new well of No.3 Mine of Yangquan Mining Bureau, which is under construction, has an annual output of 9 million tons of raw coal, which will rank first among Asian mines after completion. With the construction of energy base, Yangquan electric power industry has made great progress, and the installed capacity of newly built and rebuilt electric power can reach more than 2 million kilowatts. While consolidating traditional products, metallurgical industry has formed four leading products: steel, pipe making, electrolytic aluminum and refractory. Yangquan Iron and Steel Company is the key ferroalloy enterprise of the Ministry of Metallurgy, and Yangquan Aluminum Company is a large electrolytic aluminum production enterprise in North China, with complete varieties of refractory products, excellent quality and high grade. It is one of the four major refractory bases in China, and its products sell well in Europe, America and Southeast Asian countries. From mining to deep processing, the chemical industry is forming a variety of chemical product chains, such as pyrite, coal chemical, calcium chemical, rubber, gunpowder and so on. Yangquan sulfuric acid is the main supplier in North China and Central Plains.
Commercial circulation
Yangquan is a commodity distribution center in eastern Shanxi. In recent years, with the deepening of reform and opening up, the circulation system with state-owned commerce as the main body and collective and individual commerce as the supplement has gradually formed, and the market system has become increasingly perfect. One of the top ten shopping malls in Shanxi Province, Yangquan Department Store, Yangquan Mining Department Store, Renmin Department Store and Xinglong Department Store are the larger shopping centers in Yangquan City. Wholesale markets for grain, oil, fruits, small commodities and vegetables spread all over the city, which effectively promoted the vigorous development of Yangquan's commerce and the economic prosperity of counties in eastern Shanxi. There are more than 100 large catering service units in Yangquan City, such as elegantly decorated Yangquan Hotel, Yingbin Hotel, Jiang Sha Hotel, Material Hotel, Jianshe Hotel and Wangyuelou Hotel, which have high reception service capacity. In recent years, local and national traditional food and western food have been restored, introduced and developed. The pace of Yangquan's opening to the outside world has been accelerated, and it has successively formed sister cities with Chesfield, England, Warren, new york, China, Zhenjiang, Zibo, Weifang, Deyang and other 15 cities. The establishment of Yangquan Economic and Technological Development Zone, a provincial technological development zone, has provided very convenient conditions for foreign investment. Since 1984, 53 foreign-funded enterprises have been established in Yangquan, and foreign economic and technological cooperation and exchanges have become increasingly active. While expanding the export of traditional products, foreign trade actively develops new products. At present, the export commodities have reached more than 50 varieties in ten categories.
Science, education, culture and health
Education, science, culture, health, sports and other social undertakings have flourished. Education is booming and the quality of teaching is constantly improving. For four consecutive years, the college entrance examination rate ranked first in the province. There are four colleges and five secondary specialized schools. The achievements of the scientific and technological front are gratifying. Since 1986, 85 scientific research and spark technology projects in the city have won awards at or above the provincial level. Cultural undertakings are increasingly prosperous. There are six professional theatrical troupes that hold various cultural activities in urban and rural areas. The mixed coverage rate of radio and television has reached over 80%. The medical level has been greatly improved. There are more than 370 medical institutions in Yangquan, with 59 16 beds. For six consecutive years, it was rated as a patriotic and hygienic red flag city in Shanxi Province. Sports have made rapid progress, with more than 500 stadiums in Yangquan. The newly-built multifunctional Yangquan Gymnasium has also hosted many large-scale competitions at home and abroad.
The coal city has taken on a new look and its development is endless. Under the leadership of the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, the people of Yangquan will make great achievements and build Yangquan into a more prosperous and beautiful modern city with the spirit of striving for progress and striving for first-class.