Jing Ji Jiao Yan Shi
He Xiaoling
Chapter I Management and Management Science
Chapter II Formation and Development of Management Theory
Chapter III Planning and Decision-making
Chapter IV Management by Objectives
Chapter V Forecast
Chapter I Management and Management Science
Teaching objective: Through the study of this chapter, students can understand the meaning of management, the relationship between management and external environment, and master the essence and basic functions of management.
Teaching emphasis: the nature and research object of management, the function and role of management, the characteristics and composition of the external environment of the organization, the research object and method.
Section 1 Concept and Nature of Management
First, management and its origin
(1) Concept: Managers consciously and continuously coordinate organizational resources and activities in order to effectively achieve organizational goals.
(2) Origin: cooperative labor in the early stage of human civilization.
Although there is no management theory, there is management thought.
Second, the essence of management.
1, duality of management
2. Scientific management.
3. The art of management
Third, the relationship between management and external environment.
(1) Characteristics of external environment
(B), the composition of the external environment of the organization
(C), the relationship between the organization and the external environment
1, the role of social environment on organizations
2, the organization's adaptation to the environment
Section 2 Functions and Functions of Management
I. Management functions
(1) plan
(2) Decision-making
(3) organization
(4) Personnel
(v) Leadership.
(6) Encourage
(7) Control
(8) Coordination
Second, the role of management.
1, management can maintain the existence of the organization.
2. Management can improve the efficiency of the organization.
Section 3 Research Objects and Methods of Management Science
First, the research object of management science
It is a science that studies the process and laws of management activities and a scientific summary of management practice activities.
Second, the research methods of management
1, the method of observation and summary
2. Comparative research methods.
3, the method of historical research,
4. Case analysis method
5. Experimental research methods
Review and thinking
1. Management has natural and social attributes.
2, the relationship between the eight specific functions of management.
Chapter II Formation and Development of Management Theory
Teaching goal: Through the study of this chapter, students can understand the main contents of classical management theory and the main arguments of modern management theory, and master the main contents of behavioral science theory and modern management theory.
Teaching emphasis: the contents of several management theories and the new development of modern management theories.
The fourth quarter, the bud of management theory
A, China's early management thought]
1, passing by 2, paying attention to people 3, being in harmony with people 4, keeping promises 5, countermeasures 6, and the rule of law
Second, western spiritual management thought
Section 5 Classical Management Theory
First, Taylor's scientific management theory
(A) the father of scientific management-Taylor
(B), the scientific management theory of knowing and doing.
(1), the central problem is to improve labor productivity.
(2) The means to achieve the highest working efficiency is to replace traditional management with scientific management.
(3), the main content of scientific management
1, the operation method of order science
2. Choose and train workers scientifically.
3, the implementation of different piecework system.
4. Separate the planning function from the execution function.
5, executive function foreman system.
6. Implement the exception principle in management.
Second, Fa Yueer's general management theory
Father of conventional management theory
(1), enterprise management has six different functions.
② Management is the core.
③ Pay attention to the systematization of management principles.
Thirdly, Weber's administrative organization theory.
Father of organizational theory
Features: ① Clear division of labor.
② Top-down hierarchical system
③ Use of personnel
④ Professional management personnel
(5), abide by the rules and regulations and discipline
⑥ The relationship between people in the organization.
Fourthly, the systematization of classical management theory.
Britain, Lindel, urwick
The United States, Lu Se, Gulick
Elements and essence of management
Main achievements: systematization of organizational principles
Essays on management science
Main achievements: Put forward the theory of "POSDCRB" management seven functions.
Section 6 Behavioral Science Theory
First, Mayo and Hawthorne experiment.
Mayo, the human problem of industrial civilization
Social problems of industrial civilization
Four stages of Hawthorne's experiment:
1. factory lighting test: there is no direct relationship between illuminance and productivity.
2, relay assembly test
3, heart-to-heart research
4. Observation test
Second, interpersonal relationship management.
1, workers are "social people"
2. Meet workers' social desire, improve workers' morale and improve production efficiency.
3. Enterprises have "informal organizations"
Third, behavioral science theory.
(A), individual behavior theory
(B), group behavior theory
(C), organizational behavior theory
Section 7 Modern Management Theory
First, the school management process
Founder: Henry, Fa Yueer
Features: Linking management theory with managers' functions.
Second, the empirical school.
Representative: Dell
Proposition: to study the management problem "case teaching" by analyzing experience.
Third, the system management school.
Representative: Karst
People think that organization is an open social and technical system.
Fourth, the school of decision theory.
Representative: Simon
Think: management is decision-making.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) School of Management Science
It is considered that mathematical symbols and formulas are used in management to make planning decisions and solve problems, and the best scheme is obtained.
Sixth, change the school according to the theory.
Advocacy: Flexible use of theoretical viewpoints of various schools.
Section 8 New Development of Management Theory
First, the enterprise strategy
Second, corporate culture.
spirit of enterprise
Institutional culture
material culture
Third, learning organization.
Fourth, enterprise reengineering.
Review and reflection: 1. What is the Hawthorne experiment?
2. What are the main contents of the six schools?
Chapter III Plan
Teaching purpose: to understand the meaning of planned work and master the types, procedures and methods of planned work.
Teaching emphasis: the characteristics, types, procedures and methods of planning.
Section 1 Concepts and Basic Features of Planned Work
First, the concept of planning work
According to the actual situation, weigh the demand and put forward the method through scientific prediction.
Content: 5w+h: Why?
What do you do?
Who will do it?
When will it be done?
Where do you do it?
how to do
Second, the basic characteristics of the planning work
(1) Purpose
(2) Advantages
(3), universality
(4) Efficiency
Type of plan in the second quarter
Three, one, according to the planning content form classification.
Goals, objectives, strategies, policies, procedures, rules, plans and budgets.
Second, according to the classification of enterprise management functions
Production plan financial cost plan
Three, according to the content of the plan classification
Special plan and comprehensive plan
Fourth, the time involved in the plan.
Long-term plan, medium-term plan and short-term plan
Section III Planning Work Procedures
First, opportunity analysis.
Second, determine the goal.
Third, the premise of planning-environment
Fourth, make a replacement plan.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Evaluation of various schemes
Sixth, the choice of scheme
Seven, the development of derivative plans
Eight, use the budget table to digitize the plan.
Section 4 Planning Methods
First, the rolling planning method
Second, the network planning method
Third, the linear programming method
Review and thinking
1. What is the significance of planning work?
2. What is the procedure for planning work? ]
Chapter IV Management by Objectives
Teaching objectives: to understand the emergence and development of management by objectives, to master the nature and characteristics of enterprise objectives and to determine the principles of enterprise objectives.
Teaching emphasis: the nature of the goal, the principle of determining the goal, the characteristics, development, implementation process, application and evaluation of target management.
Establishment of the first program target
First, the meaning of the goal
Second, the characteristics of the target
1, the goal is the concentrated expression of organizational experience.
2. Multiple goals.
3. The goal is hierarchical.
4. The goal is changeable.
Third, the principle of setting goals.
1, reality 2, cruelty 3, quantification 4, coordination 5, contingency
The emergence and development of management by objectives in the second quarter
First, the meaning of management by objectives
1. Definition: the process of implementing organizational management tasks by scientifically formulating reputation bars and evaluating the implementation objectives according to the objectives.
2. Features: 1, using systematic thinking.
2. Adjust the self-management system
3, the implementation of "ability first"
Second, the emergence of management by objectives.
Drucker's management practice
Third, the development of management by objectives
1, corporate goals are determined, and personal goals should be able to stimulate work enthusiasm.
2. Stimulate work enthusiasm through participation.
3. Self-participation in performance evaluation
4. Combine short-term goals with long-term goals.
5. It is a comprehensive and systematic management method.
Section 3 Application of Target Management
First, the implementation process of management by objectives
(A), the establishment of enterprise goal setting goal decomposition process
1, slightly higher than the current production and operation capacity.
2. The organic combination of quality and quantity
This word is mild.
4. The quantity is moderate
(2) Goal decomposition: the overall goal is decomposed into departmental goals and personal goals.
1, the logic should be strict
Step 2 focus on the key points
3. The participation of employees has become "I want to do it" and "I want to do it"
4. Strict examination and approval
(3) Target control, self-control and leadership control.
1, full trust of leaders and perfect self-inspection system.
2. Establish a control center
3. Ensure smooth feedback channels.
4. Create a good working environment
(4) Target evaluation: self-evaluation, mass evaluation and leadership evaluation.
1, self-assessment
2, comprehensive and fair
3, combined with personnel management
4, timely feedback information
Second, the application and role of management by objectives theory
(A), the application of Japan
1, wide range
2. Application in the form of enterprise system management.
3. It is widely used in financial field.
(2) Function
Advantages: 1, improving management efficiency.
2, contribute to enterprise organizational reform.
3. Encourage employees to achieve corporate goals.
4. Reduce ineffective labor
Limit: 1. It's hard to set goals.
2. Personnel are time-consuming and laborious.
4, assessment of rewards and punishments, it is difficult to completely a government.
5. The difference of employees' pursuit of quality affects the implementation of management methods.
Review and thinking
1. What are the characteristics of management by objectives?
2. How to avoid the influence of human factors when assessing the target results?
blackboard-writing design
Chapter V Forecast
Teaching objectives: to understand the significance and basic steps of forecasting, to master the procedures of forecasting and to understand simple forecasting methods.
Teaching emphasis: the function, types, methods, time model and regression analysis of prediction.
The meaning of the first section forecast and its types
First, the significance and role of prediction
(1) meaning
(2) Function
1 to improve the accuracy of decision-making.
2. Develop a scientific marketing strategy.
3. Formulate scientific and technological innovation strategy.
4. Improve adaptability.
Second, the type
(A), the scope of macroeconomic forecast
Microeconomic forecast
(B), the content market forecast
technological forecasting
Business performance forecast
Economic situation forecast
(3) The nature of qualitative prediction
quantitative forecast
(4) Short-term time prediction
Medium-term forecast
long-term forecast
Section 2 Procedures and Methods of Forecasting
First, the forecasting program
Determine the forecast target → query, collect and sort out the data → select the forecast method → make the forecast → evaluate and complete the forecast → submit the forecast report.
Second, the method of prediction
(A), qualitative prediction method
1, brain violence method
2. Delphi method
3, sales staff judgment prediction method
4, management judgment prediction method
5. Quality assessment methods
(2), quantitative prediction method
1, time series method (1), simple average method.
(2) Moving average method
(3) Exponential smoothing method
2. Regression analysis method
3. Econometric model
4. Input-output method
5. Substitution effect model
Third, the choice of forecasting methods should pay attention to the problem
1, adaptation range
2. Economy
3, the difficulty of collecting data
4. Accuracy requirements