In the past 20 years, the popularization of CAD technology has liberated architects and engineers from the traditional manual drawing, design and calculation, which can be said to be the first digital revolution in the field of engineering design. Now, the emergence of building information model (BIM) will trigger the second digital revolution in the whole engineering construction field. BIM not only brings the progress and upgrade of the existing technology, but also indirectly affects the production organization mode and management mode, and will affect the transformation of people's thinking mode in a longer period of time. The core of BIM technology is to establish a virtual three-dimensional model of construction engineering in a computer, and at the same time provide a complete and consistent information base of construction engineering for the model by using digital technology. This information base contains not only geometric information, professional attributes and state information describing building components, but also state information of non-component objects (such as space and motion behavior). With the help of this three-dimensional model rich in construction engineering information, the information integration degree of construction engineering is greatly improved, thus providing a platform for the relevant stakeholders of construction engineering projects to exchange and share engineering information. Combined with more related digital technologies, the engineering information contained in BIM model can also be used to simulate the state and changes of buildings in the real world, so that relevant stakeholders can make a complete analysis and evaluation of the success or failure of the whole project before the building is completed. With the gradual recognition and application of B IM in China, especially in the context of the rapid development of domestic engineering construction industry in recent years, BIM has been actively applied in some large-scale domestic engineering projects, and many successful cases have emerged. B S a(building SMART alliance) of the United States has made a detailed investigation on the current application of BIM in the field of engineering construction industry in the United States, summarized and analyzed 25 different applications of BIM in the current American market, so as to guide engineering projects to choose appropriate BIM applications at different stages. At present, there is a lack of in-depth research in this field in China, but we can still learn from the classification framework of BIM application of bSa in the United States, and combine the current development status of BIM technology in China, the market acceptance of BIM application and the characteristics of domestic engineering construction industry to summarize and classify the typical applications of BIM in China's construction market (Figure 1). Due to the differences between Chinese and American construction markets and the lack of local mainstream BIM software, the domestic BIM application is far from the United States in terms of industry span and depth, but the general application direction is the same. The following is the typical application of BIM in the whole life cycle of domestic buildings compiled by the author. There are 20 typical BIM applications in the whole life cycle of a building, and I hope to discuss them with you. 20 typical application1BIM1.1BIM model maintenance Establish and maintain the BIM model according to the construction progress of the project. Its essence is to use BIM platform to summarize all the construction information of each project team, eliminate the information islands in the project, and organize and store the obtained information in combination with the three-dimensional model so as to provide it to all stakeholders of the whole project at any time. Because the use of BIM determines the accuracy of the details of the BIM model, and at the same time, only one BIM tool can not complete all the work, at present, the industry mainly adopts the method of distributed BIM model to establish a BIM model that meets the existing conditions and purposes of the project. These models may include: design model, construction model, schedule model, cost model, manufacturing model, operation model, etc. The distributed BIM model is also reflected in that BIM models are often independently established by relevant design units, construction units or operating units according to their respective work scopes, and finally synthesized by unified standards. This will increase the difficulty of BIM modeling standard management, version management and data security, so sometimes owners will entrust independent BIM service providers to plan, maintain and manage the BIM application of the whole project in a unified way to ensure the accuracy, timeliness and security of BIM model information. 1.2 Site analysis is the main factor influencing the positioning of buildings, and it is the process of determining the spatial orientation and appearance of buildings and establishing the relationship between buildings and surrounding landscapes. In the planning stage, the topography, vegetation and climate conditions of the site are all important factors affecting the design decision. It is often necessary to evaluate and analyze various influencing factors such as landscape planning, environmental status, construction facilities and traffic flow after completion through site analysis. Traditional on-site analysis has some shortcomings, such as insufficient quantitative analysis, too heavy subjective factors and inability to handle a large amount of data and information. By combining BIM with geographic information system (GIS), the spatial data of the site and the proposed building are modeled. Through the powerful functions of BIM and GIS software, convincing analysis results can be quickly obtained, which can help the project to evaluate the use conditions and characteristics of the site in the planning stage, so as to make the most ideal key decisions for the new project, such as site planning, traffic streamline organization, building layout and so on. 1.3 architectural planning architectural planning is a process of obtaining design basis according to quantitative analysis after the overall planning objectives are determined. Compared with the traditional method of determining the design content and basis (design task book) according to experience, architectural planning is to study the reasonable positioning of the design in the project task book, formulate and demonstrate the architectural design basis, scientifically determine the design content and find a scientific method to achieve this goal through the logical and mathematical analysis of the social environment and related factors where the construction goal is located. In this process, in addition to applying architectural principles, drawing lessons from past experience and observing norms, it is more important to study the target with modern means such as computers on the basis of actual investigation. BIM can help the project team understand the standards and regulations of complex space through the analysis of space in the architectural planning stage, thus saving time and providing the team with more possibilities of value-added activities. Especially when customers discuss their needs and choose and analyze the best solution, they can make key decisions with the help of BIM and relevant analysis data. The application results of BIM in the architectural planning stage also help architects to check whether the preliminary design meets the requirements of the owners and the design basis obtained in the architectural planning stage at any time. Through the continuous information transmission or traceability of BIM, the huge waste of modifying the design in the detailed design stage will be greatly reduced (Figure 2). 1.4 scheme demonstration In the scheme demonstration stage, the project investor can use BIM to evaluate the compliance of the layout, vision, lighting, safety, ergonomics, acoustics, texture, color and specifications of the design scheme. BIM can even scrutinize the local details of the building and quickly analyze the problems that may need to be dealt with in design and construction. In the stage of scheme demonstration, BIM can also be used to provide convenient and low-cost different schemes for project investors to choose. Through data comparison and simulation analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of different schemes are found out to help project investors quickly evaluate the cost and time of construction investment schemes. For designers, through BIM to evaluate the design space, we can get a high interactive effect, so as to get positive feedback from users and owners. Real-time modification of design is usually based on feedback from end users. Under the BIM platform, the focus issues concerned by all parties in the project can be displayed intuitively and quickly, and the corresponding decision-making time will be reduced compared with the past (Figure 3). 1.5 The appearance of 3D visual design software, such as 3Dmax and Sketchup, effectively fills the communication gap between owners and end users due to their ignorance of traditional architectural drawings. However, due to the design concept and functional limitations of these softwares, whether they are used for preliminary scheme deliberation or staged renderings display, there is a considerable gap between such 3D visual display and the real design scheme. For designers, in addition to the preliminary scrutiny and stage display, a lot of design work should be based on the traditional CAD platform, with three views of plane, elevation and section to express and show their design results. This kind of information fragmentation caused by tools is very easy to make mistakes when the project is complex and the time limit is tight. The appearance of BIM allows designers not only to have three-dimensional visual design tools, what you see is what you get, but more importantly, through the improvement of tools, designers can use three-dimensional thinking to complete architectural design (Figure 4), and at the same time, owners and end users can really get rid of the restrictions of technical barriers and know what they can get from their investment at any time. 1.6 collaborative design collaborative design is a new architectural design method, which enables designers from different geographical locations and different professions to collaborate in design work through the network. Collaborative design appears under the background of profound changes in the architectural environment and the need to change the traditional design methods of architecture. It is also the product of the combination of digital architectural design technology and rapidly developing network technology.
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