a、 1~2
5~ 120
60~70 years old
70~80 years old
short-term memory
Short-term memory refers to a memory system that stores a small amount of information in a short time, and is generally considered as a stage between sensory memory and long-term memory.
Its characteristics are: although there are many coding forms such as vision, hearing, semantics, etc., speech auditory coding is the main one; Limited capacity, generally 4-9 pieces; The storage time is short; if the information is not repeated in time, it can only be saved for 15-20 seconds; Short-term memory is extracted through a series of complete scans.
Short-term memory refers to the processing, coding, short-term retention and limited memory of stimulus information. Short-term memory is the intermediate link from instantaneous memory to long-term memory. Its function is to temporarily store information in order to enter long-term memory.
Short-term memory includes direct memory and working memory. Direct memory means that the input stimulus information is only temporarily stored in the brain without further processing and coding, but the information capacity is very limited. Working memory refers to the memory of reprocessing and coding the input stimulus information to expand its information capacity.
In short-term memory, only processed, processed and encoded information can be transferred to long-term memory for further storage, otherwise it will be forgotten.