Paternity identification refers to the identification of the biological relationship between the defendant's parents and children by using the theory and technology of biology, genetics and related disciplines according to the genetic law of genetic traits between offspring and parents.
The cases involved include disputes over the support of children born out of wedlock, disputes over property inheritance, identification of biological children caused by the wrong delivery room in the hospital, and claims for abducted and separated children.
Paternity identification is mainly based on the genetic law of simple genetic traits other than human blood type and blood type. Genetic traits are controlled by genes located on chromosomes in the nucleus, and individual characteristics are passed on to offspring through gene transmission between parents and offspring.
The characteristics of judicial paternity test are as follows:
1. The appraiser must personally come to the center to handle the real-name entrustment;
2. The appraiser must provide his true and valid identity documents;
3. The appraiser must promise that the information provided is true and effective;
4. Our appraisal center carefully checks the identity information of the appraiser and takes photos on the spot;
5, paternity test samples must be collected by the center staff, notaries must be present when necessary.
The paternity test steps are as follows:
1, DNA extraction. Extract the DNA contained in the nucleus of the sample, and then purify it to remove the impurities in the sample;
2.PCR amplification. The Chinese name of PCR is polymerase chain reaction. Simply put, the step of PCR amplification is to copy a large number of fragments we need on the PCR instrument through enzymatic reaction and enlarge them to the extent that some special instruments can see them.
3. Post PCR reaction. This step is mainly the preparation stage of ABI sequencer detection, which opens the double-stranded DNA and adds some internal standards for detection, mainly marking the length of the detection fragment;
4, capillary sequencer detection. Because DNA is charged, capillary electrophoresis has different electrophoresis speeds for different fragments of DNA. Under the same voltage and electrophoresis time, the swimming distance is different. These different distances can be distinguished by the internal standard measurement added in the early stage, and displayed on the computer through certain software, which is convenient for inspectors to process and analyze the data.
5. Analyze the data and publish the report. It is mainly for inspectors to analyze, summarize and calculate the obtained results, and then make appraisal conclusions and reports.
legal ground
General rules of judicial expertise procedure
Fifteenth in any of the following circumstances, the judicial authentication institution shall not accept the entrustment:
(1) Entrusting matters beyond the scope of judicial authentication business of this institution;
(two) the identification materials are found to be untrue, incomplete, insufficient or illegal;
(three) the use of the logo is illegal or contrary to social morality;
(4) The appraisal requirements do not conform to the practice rules of judicial appraisal or relevant technical specifications for appraisal;
(five) the appraisal requirements exceed the technical conditions or appraisal ability of this institution;
(6) The client entrusts other judicial authentication institutions to authenticate the same authentication matter at the same time;
(seven) other circumstances that do not conform to the provisions of laws, regulations and rules.