Understand the functions of dashboard, including speedometer, tachometer, odometer, fuel gauge, water temperature gauge, oil pressure warning light, brake system warning light, etc.
Understand the basic principle of adjusting rearview mirror and reversing mirror. Familiar with and correct use of turn signals, headlights, wipers, speakers and other systems.
Adjust your driving posture. Correct driving posture is very important for safe driving, which can not only eliminate the fatigue of long-term driving and ensure a good driving vision, but also make the driving action more accurate, rapid and reasonable. Driving posture is mainly related to steering wheel and seat.
First of all, you should sit deeply in the back of the chair and let your waist and shoulders lean against the back of the chair. First, feel whether the distance between the front and back of the seat and the backrest angle are appropriate, then stretch your arms forward and naturally hold both sides of the steering wheel. At this time, the wrist must be able to bend freely and move freely. Legs should have some room for movement, and it is easy to step on the clutch pedal, brake pedal or accelerator with your feet, so you don't have to lean forward. The position is basically suitable at this time. If it is not suitable, you can slide the seat back and forth or adjust the tilt angle of the chair back to meet the above requirements.
After adjusting your driving posture, be sure to fasten your seat belt to avoid tension and unsafe factors caused by suddenly remembering not wearing your seat belt when driving.
The best position to hold the steering wheel is to bend your elbows slightly at 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock (that is, at the horizontal sides) when holding the steering wheel with both hands, because this will give your arms enough activity area to operate the steering wheel quickly. Don't hold the steering wheel tightly, but hold the outer edge gently. Many novices always hold the steering wheel tightly, which leads to a lot of sweating on their hands and affects the accuracy of their movements. Moreover, it is easy to hit the steering wheel abnormally when shifting gears, which has buried hidden dangers.
The operation of the steering wheel has different degrees of steering function according to the vehicle speed. The higher the vehicle speed, the smaller the turning range of the steering wheel. When turning, you should operate with both hands, pushing the relay steering wheel with one hand and pulling it with the other. In addition, the steering wheel has the function of self-righting. When it rotates quickly, you can loosen your palm to make the steering wheel self-righting, but you are not allowed to rotate by yourself. You still need to hold the steering wheel with both hands to keep it in a controllable state at any time.
Some novices will put their hands into the inside of the steering wheel when the car turns around or makes a big turn. This is what the old saying goes. This seems to be labor-saving, but in case of emergency, the hand can not be withdrawn in time for first aid; The front wheel suddenly changes direction, and it is easy to hurt your arm. Beginners should get rid of this bad habit.
Control the steering wheel, hit as much as possible, hit less and return less, hit slowly and return slowly, and hit again and return quickly. Familiar with the position of each gear and the switching between gears.
You don't know when you are blessed. At this time, first look at the gear map above the gear lever handle and step on the clutch pedal to shift gears, and pay attention to whether there is an inverted lock. After getting familiar with the gear position, take your eyes off the gear lever and use the gear shifting mode to get familiar with the gear position during normal driving. If you can't shift gears in place, you can step on the clutch pedal once and then step on the clutch pedal to shift gears. Generally, you will shift gears smoothly.
Coordinate the cooperation between clutch and throttle. When starting, the key points of operating the clutch pedal should be: start smoothly, don't turn off the engine, don't put in gear, and drive smoothly, especially when going uphill, in traffic jams and following cars.
When driving a skilled manual transmission vehicle, the best clutch can not only make the vehicle start smoothly and output power stably, but also save fuel and prolong the service life of the clutch. In addition, when shifting gears, the clutch is too loose, which will easily lead to the train stopping, which will not only destroy the car, but also make the driving feel very uncomfortable. Some novices get into the habit of stepping on the clutch pedal because they are not skilled in clutch operation, which leads to the clutch being in a semi-clutch state for a long time and accelerates the damage of the clutch.
Correct oil separation and matching should be adjusted according to vehicle speed. In the initial stage, put in neutral, step on the clutch pedal after landing, put the shift lever into 1 gear, slowly release the clutch, and start the car with the accelerator. When stepping on the clutch pedal, be sure to step to the end. Feel the shaking and moving trend of the car body when slowly releasing the clutch pedal. When the vehicle is slightly shaking and moving, slowly refuel and continue to slowly release the clutch until it is completely released, so that the vehicle can start smoothly.
It is also important for the vehicle to shift gears while driving. With the increase of vehicle speed, the deoiling process is gradually shortened, that is, the release speed of clutch pedal is accelerated. In order to ensure the smooth shifting process, the throttle should be matched reasonably, and never refuel. The ideal state is that when shifting gears, the vehicle runs smoothly, the speed increases gradually, and there is no obvious instantaneous deceleration and acceleration. On the contrary, when decelerating and downshifting, you should brake properly first, and then step on the clutch pedal to shift gears when the speed is appropriate.
The correct shift should be after automatic start. With the increase of engine speed and different vehicle speeds, shift into the corresponding gear. Under normal circumstances, when the engine speed increases to a certain extent, the working noise of the engine will increase, so it is necessary to upshift, and the shift timing is generally between 2500 and 3000 r/min (engines with different performance will be different, please read the user manual before use). If a novice doesn't learn to shift gears according to the change of engine sound, he can observe the tachometer and feel the change of engine sound at the best shift speed while ensuring safety. The principle of deceleration shift is the same, but it should be noted that when the vehicle speed is too fast, it is necessary to reduce the vehicle speed to the corresponding range before shifting. Some drivers are used to shifting gears according to their speed, but this method is not suitable for novices because their sense of speed has not been established. Novices are advised to shift gears according to engine speed. But everyone should still know the gears corresponding to different speed stages. Take a vehicle with a 5-speed manual transmission as an example. Under normal circumstances, after starting, when the vehicle speed is lower than 20km/h, you should choose 2nd gear, when the vehicle speed is 20~60km/h, you should choose 3rd gear, and when the vehicle speed is 60~80km/h, you can shift into 5th gear.
The driver has a limited view when sitting in the car. At ordinary times, he can only see the situation ahead with the naked eye. For left, right and rear situations, he can only use the inner rearview mirror and two outer rearview mirrors. Some driving actions, such as turning, reversing, merging and overtaking, must be done safely with the help of rearview mirrors. Therefore, novices must first learn to observe the road conditions through the rearview mirror, and then realize "six roads at a time". Especially for some drivers who drive trucks while learning to drive, it is particularly important to learn to observe road conditions with rearview mirrors.
When the vehicle is driving in the middle of the lane and the road conditions are not very complicated, force yourself to move your eyes out of the front, observe the three rearview mirrors, the road surface and the front upper part of the vehicle with the remaining eyes, and keep your central vision scanning the wide road conditions-front, back, left, right, up and down. Look forward as much as possible; Observe the rear middle, left and right rearview mirrors, and see the following distance and speed of all the rear lanes; Observing from the left side to the right side of the road, including oncoming cars, parking on the left and right sides of the road, pedestrians and vehicles to be transferred out at the intersection; Look up at street signs and signal lights; Look down at road signs and obstacles.
In the process of expanding the field of vision, the speed should not be too fast, and the observation range should be gradually expanded under the condition of ensuring safety. It is dangerous to stare at an object for a long time while driving on the road. So exercise your eye movements, don't focus too much on a car (such as the car in front) or other things, and learn to glance at it. In addition, before merging or overtaking, always look in the mirror to avoid the influence of blind spots and keep abreast of the situation behind the car.
Safe speed, direction center. When a novice driver drives, he must first control the speed, and according to his own technical level, he should control the vehicles to avoid at the speed he thinks he can take care of. As long as he abides by traffic laws and drives at his own safe speed, such as turning off the engine and urging the horn to ring, don't pay too much attention to the acceleration of the vehicles next to him! Here is mainly to avoid their own panic!
Road map. Beginners should think about where to go before driving, set the route in advance, screen out smoother roads, avoid complicated and difficult sections, and re-select the route as soon as possible when encountering traffic jams!
Prevention first. Novice drivers should anticipate what may happen ahead when driving. For example, when turning, people may appear out of sight; When crossing the intersection, a car or a person suddenly broke out; The vehicle in front suddenly braked, etc. Through such a pre-judgment, I will be psychologically prepared to control the speed within a certain range and prevent problems before they happen. Article 14: Don't blink at the traffic lights.
When you pass the traffic lights, you should look ahead at the flashing lights and the distance between the road and the pedestrians' senses! When the green light is flashing, you'd better not pass. Novices are not skilled in operating technology, and they are afraid that they will encounter an emergency when the green light flashes, and they will be unlucky!
When crossing the zebra crossing, if there are bicycles and pedestrians, you must slow down in advance and approach slowly. You can control the speed, stop at any time, and pass slowly. If there are pedestrians, you can stop in time and start again, and pass slowly!
"White Grid Control Area" cannot be pressed. At the entrance and exit of the main road, there are generally white lane separation lines. Never press on it, no matter novice or veteran, you will be punished if you are photographed. Even if you don't take pictures, you should take full responsibility for what happened.
When you look in the rearview mirror, you can't stare. The view of "skimming water" is better. If you are not sure, you can read it several times. The rearview mirror is a supplement to progress and a sublimation of turning!
Turn left and turn right. When turning left and right, remember to turn on the turn signal first, turn left and right along this lane first, don't change to the right and left lane immediately, take the left and right lanes, and go straight after your car turns. If you want to change to the left straight aisle, always pay attention to the left and right rearview mirrors before changing lanes to ensure safety. (More suitable for roads with more than three lanes) Some cars overtake when they feel that your car is slow. Remember to look in the rearview mirror!
Drive according to the light. Some students have just come out to drive, and sometimes they can't understand the direction indication of the light. Some traffic lights are marked with 1.2.3.4. People in the driveway should walk in turn. When a novice drives through a traffic light, the arrow light and the round light are unclear. Sometimes I see the round light is red, but the arrow for going straight or turning right is green. I don't know whether I should go straight or turn right. You can walk. There is a trick for novices to look at the lights: at each traffic light, first look at whether there is an arrow light, if there is an arrow light, press the arrow, if there is no arrow light, press the green and red of the round light, and stop.
Change lanes when driving. When changing lanes, try not to cross more than two lanes at a time. The safe operation is to turn on the turn signal first, look at the rearview mirror, slowly change lanes first, slowly center, then look at the rearview mirror, then slowly change lanes and turn back to the turn signal. Changing from lane to lane will avoid being hit by blind spots.
Select the path first. What route you want to take should be thought out in advance, and the straight one should not come to the corner. You should choose the lane in advance at every intersection. Generally, there will be a route sign in the upper right corner about 200 meters away from the intersection, or the driveway on the ground will be marked with an arrow. Choose the lane according to the sign and change lanes in advance. When you change lanes on a solid line, it's troublesome to be photographed.
Always in my heart. The skill of novice drivers is on the rise. Sometimes there will be areas where you feel skilled, and then you will be very dexterous, and then you will forget your safe control speed, which is easy to rub. Especially when a car crosses the line during normal driving, the first thing to do is to brake down! Be sure to remember that "caution" is always the constant safety guarantee for driving!
In and out of expressway. Beginners should give themselves a transitional period when entering or leaving expressway. Out of the high speed, into the ordinary road, still driving at high speed, easy to have an accident. It's best to stop and have a rest or slow down. The same is true when entering the highway. Don't increase the speed too much at once. Drive for a while, and it's not too late to speed up when you get used to it. Item 24: Encountering "Obstacles"
When driving normally, when there is an obstacle in front of your driveway, don't go around there. Look in the rearview mirror in advance and turn around to bypass the "roadblock". This will make the operation easier and the accident rate lower. If the car in front breaks down on the road, your own car will follow, try to reduce your mood. Look in the rearview mirror, turn on the turn signal and turn slowly into the driveway!
Through narrow roads and complicated sections. Look, two slow, three stop. Stone! For example, when driving on a two-way road with only two lanes, one car is parked on the side of the road in its own direction and another car is coming head-on. At this time, I was about to overtake the car on the side of the road. A bicycle or a person appeared in front of the car on the side of the road. The narrow two lanes were particularly crowded at this time. In this case, it is best to stop at a place more than 3 meters away from the roadside car and wait for the oncoming car to pass or the bicycle to pass slowly. If you insist on crowding together, you may hit an oncoming car or be rubbed by a bicycle. Show me the way!
Drive at night. Learn how to use all kinds of lights correctly, especially in urban areas. Don't turn on the headlights. You can sense the position of vehicles in all directions during driving and ensure the safe distance between vehicles and people, vehicles and other objects. And can skillfully use the rearview mirror to ensure the safety and passability of the vehicle.
Reverse direction. Novices often don't know where to hit when reversing or turning around. Remember: when reversing, the rear of the car can swing in any direction you want. Once not in place, twice in place. Natural masters may not be in place! Don't be afraid, we are studying! Someone joked: don't look at many novices driving like a decent car on the road, they will be exposed as soon as they stop. Many novices have "parking phobia". Because they don't park often, they have less opportunities to exercise and their parking skills are slow to improve. Therefore, novice parking accidents often occur, further increasing the fear of parking. What can we do? There is only one way, that is, practice. We should practice various parking directions under the guidance of "experts". When practicing, we should focus on two kinds of parking spaces that novices think are difficult. One is that there are cars in front and back with parking spaces in the middle; The other is that there are cars on the left and right with parking spaces in the middle.
The focus of the first parking space is to pour in. You can learn from the method of "moving the garage" learned in driving school, so that the rear of the car can be put in place smoothly. There are two ways to park the second parking space, one is to drive forward and the other is to pour in. It is relatively simple to drive forward, and pay attention to the distance from the left and right cars so as not to hinder the left and right cars from opening the door. When dumping, you can learn from the methods of "pasting the library" and "dumping the library" in driving school.