At present, China's high-level postgraduate education in law includes master of law and master of law professional degree, referred to as master of law and master of law.
With the development of the rule of law in China, the establishment of postgraduate education for master of laws, the first batch of enrollment in 1995 and 1996, and the joint entrance examination in 2000 have accelerated the integration with international legal education and met the social demand for senior legal talents.
Master of Laws (JM) is limited to non-law majors, and there is no specific major. Its knowledge structure is broad caliber, thick foundation and compound. Mainly for judicial organs, administrative law enforcement, legal services and legal supervision departments, social public management departments and enterprise management departments to train high-level compound and applied legal talents, such as lawyers, judges, prosecutors, corporate legal consultants, etc.
Master of Laws students mainly recruit undergraduates majoring in law, which are divided into legal theory, legal history (Chinese legal history, foreign legal history, western economic legal history, legal culture, etc. ), constitutional law and administrative law, criminal law (criminology, juvenile delinquency research, etc. ), civil and commercial law (marriage law, relatives law, etc. ), procedural law (civil procedure law, criminal procedure law, administrative procedure law, judicial expertise, etc. ) and economic law. Mainly academic research, scientific research and teaching, training advanced theoretical academic legal talents to universities and research institutes.
The difference between LLM and LLM is]:
First of all, the training objectives are different:
The professional degree of master of law and the master of law are at the same level, each with its own emphasis. The former is an applied and compound senior legal talent, while the latter is an academic and professional senior legal talent.
In some western countries where the rule of law is relatively sound, their legal education is after the university, such as the United States and other JD. In the long run, with the development of law education, the number of law undergraduates will gradually decrease, and the master of law will eventually merge with the master of law. Teaching and scientific research talents should be trained mainly through doctor of law education. As a bridge between the preceding and the following, the professional degree of Master of Laws will provide talents for legal practice departments on the one hand, and a broad source of students for doctor of law education on the other.
Second, the enrollment conditions are different: the master of law requires non-law graduates, but the master of law has no such restrictions.
That is, 13 the law majors that are not allowed to apply for master of law are: law, economic law, international law, international economic law, labor reform law, commercial law, notarization, legal affairs, administrative law, lawyers, foreign-related economy and law, intellectual property law and criminal law. Regarding whether or not to admit schools with the same academic qualifications, some online statements that LLM students do not admit the same academic qualifications are wrong.
Third, the way of enrollment proposition, the difficulty of examination questions and the difficulty of examination are different:
Both LLM and LLM postgraduate entrance examinations take part in the national unified examination, but the professional course LLM is a national joint examination (unified proposition and unified marking), and LLM is a conditional independent proposition in colleges and universities.
It is obvious to all that the examination difficulty of the master of laws course. LLM professional course examination is a national joint examination subject, which has a unified outline and forms a standardized review textbook with limited difficulty.
LLM candidates have not studied law before the exam and stand on the same starting line. Because many candidates don't understand, as a new thing, the current admission score is relatively low and they can be admitted to the national line. There is little difference between the admission scores of prestigious schools and the national line, and the admission ratio is high, and the pressure of admission competition is small. However, LLM candidates are mostly law majors, and the competition pressure is great. The admission rate of famous schools is as high as 1/20-50.
LLM's pre-test training is mature, and candidates can greatly improve their competitiveness by participating in a good training. The pass rate of candidates participating in systematic training is as high as over 50%, and some of them reach 70-80%.
However, with more and more people with lofty ideals who are not majoring in law joining the legal profession, it is more and more difficult to take the postgraduate entrance examination for master of law!
Fourth, different ways of education:
Master of Laws has a fixed tutor when he enters the school, and his major division of labor is fine. Generally, he only studies in one direction, and his research is deeply developed. Master of law, regardless of major, focuses on studying current laws and regulations and pays attention to practical application after enrollment. After enrollment, only tutors are set up, and each tutor takes more students.
For illegal students, it is not conducive to their own development if they choose a fine professional direction from the beginning of studying law, so the difference between the two educational methods depends on the starting point and background of the candidates, not the main difference.
Shandong University and others are all enrolling students.