First, Su Shi's thoughts
Huangzhou's relegation is an important turning point in Su Shi's thought and creation. Based on this, his life can be divided into two periods. In the early stage, Confucianism was the main idea, and he wrote a lot of political and historical comments and promising poems, full of the spirit of actively entering the WTO and the sense of social and historical responsibility. Most of his argumentative essays focus on the ups and downs of past lives and the changes of ancient and modern customs. Their quotations are rich, eloquent and eloquent, not empty words. They pay attention to the combination of introduction and brewing atmosphere, and they form a majestic momentum, which is smooth and smooth, and their grievances will be exhausted, which is often impossible for predecessors. Although he still encouraged himself by Confucianism in his later period, he has participated in a lot of Buddhist and Taoist thoughts, and the spirit of adversity has freed him. He joined the WTO with the spirit of Confucianism and the broad-minded views of Buddhism and Taoism. He sticks to life and is good at it. He can do the cause of joining the WTO with an innate attitude, and he can maintain his independence and freedom of thought in the spiritual field regardless of poverty.
The study of Shu advocated by him is a miscellaneous study integrating Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. Every idea seems to appeal to him. However, he is used to treating political thoughts and life thoughts differently and unifying them in the form of "explaining Confucianism from outside". The spirit of saving the world of Confucianism and the illusory consciousness of Buddhism and Taoism to solve the suffering of life complement each other, so that his outlook on life has not developed into disgust and sorrow for social life. While he tried to solve the hardships of life with the emptiness of Buddhism, Laozi and Zhuangzi, it also contained the meaning that Confucian scholars pursued moral personality in a bad social and political environment. He helped Buddhism and Taoism enter Confucianism and always maintained the integrity of being a man. The tranquility and openness of the Buddha are supported by the integrity of Confucian moral personality, realizing a quiet and noble mind and an indifferent and detached personality. Therefore, Su Shi is "the deepest in his life", knows the art of life, has an open and faithful character, an open mind and a romantic and chic temperament. His poems, words, essays, paintings and calligraphy are the external manifestations of this personality. The relegation of Huangzhou is an important turning point in Su Shi's thought and creation, and his life can be divided into two periods. In the early stage, he wrote a lot of political comments, historical comments and promising poems, which were full of the spirit of actively entering the WTO and the sense of social and historical responsibility. Most of his argumentative essays focus on the ups and downs of past lives and the changes of ancient and modern customs. Their quotations are rich and eloquent, not empty words. Writing pays attention to the combination of introduction, brewing atmosphere, forming a majestic momentum, smooth and smooth, and grievances will be exhausted, which is a common thing in the past. Although he still encouraged himself by Confucian loyalty and righteousness in the later period, he has participated in a lot of Buddhist and Taoist thoughts in order to get rid of adversity. He entered the WTO with the spirit of Confucianism and the clear and broad-minded mind of Buddhism and Taoism. He sticks to life and is good at it. He can do the cause of joining the WTO with an innate attitude, and he can maintain his personality independence and freedom of thought in the spiritual field regardless of poverty. It can be said that the reason why Su Shi became a great cultural person innocently and became a household name in China with Su Dongpo's literary name was mainly due to his broad-minded feelings of laughing and laughing in do or die, his optimistic spirit after suffering, and his willful and carefree creative personality. After Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, he really established his position and influence in the history of literature.
Second, Su Shi's absorption and integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.
Su Shi was born in a family with rich literary traditions, and his grandfather Su Xu was good at reading and writing poems. My father, Su Xun, is a famous writer of classical literature in China. He gave careful guidance to Su Shi and his younger brother Su Zhe. My mother, Cheng, is learned and deeply understands the righteousness. She once told Su Shi about the Book of the Later Han Dynasty.
Undeniably, many articles in Su Shi's poems reveal the thoughts of eulogizing drunkenness, feeling success or failure and yearning for seclusion. "You know geometry, but you only know a pot of soup. That was on the court, use this to make up for it. " ("The Rhyme of Mr. Yao in Er Dan Yuan") "Wealth is impermanent, and the world is suitable." ("Early Hair in the Sun") "Love and hate are geometric, and there are endless joys and sorrows. Looking back at the world, nothing is true. " ("Reunion with Sun Zhiju") "A hollow trumpet, a hollow reputation, a small profit, very busy. Everything is before the decision, who is weak and who is strong "("Fang Ting ") and so on. , all reveal seemingly irresistible thoughts, accustomed to glory and nothingness.
In fact, it is impossible for a scholar who grew up under the influence of multiple traditional cultures of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism to accept Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism alone. For example, Li Bai's arrogance is mixed with the anguish of not realizing his ambition of fame and fortune, and Wang Wei converted to Buddhism after his ideal of "being a gentleman and being a gentleman" was shattered ... There are countless examples like this. In the turbulent official career, religion is the comfort place of ancient officials and gods and the resting place of the soul.
Su Shi has a life thought based on the Confucian system, but the ups and downs of his official career make him full of contradictions between being born and entering the WTO, and because of his Buddhist and Taoist thoughts, he has formed a style of Confucianism outside and Taoism inside, which is reflected in an optimistic and broad-minded attitude towards life. Therefore, Su Shi's compatibility with Buddhism and Taoism is the perfect embodiment of his cultural personality.
Thirdly, Su Shi's Buddhism and Taoism thought made him form the style of Confucianism outside and Taoism inside.
It's not that Su Shi is insensitive to suffering, nor is he resigned to the persecution imposed on him. He is treating successive misfortunes with a brand-new attitude towards life, organically combining the firm spirit of Confucianism, Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's contempt for limited time and space and their overloaded attitude towards the material environment, and the idea that Zen treats all changes with a normal heart. This thought, which is based on Confucianism and permeated by Buddhism and Taoism, is the philosophical basis of Su Shi's outlook on life and has a great relationship with his reading history. Su Zhe described Su Shi's reading process like this: "Jia Yi and Lu Zhi wrote a good book from the beginning, discussing how to control chaos in ancient and modern times, not empty talk. After watching Zhuangzi, I sighed and said,' I've seen it in China before, but I can't say it. It's my heart to see Zhuangzi today!' ..... After reading Shi's book, I deeply understand the reality that it is ok to participate in the hole, the old age and the rich, but I can't see its limit. Su Shi not only accepted Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, but also thought that they were interlinked. He once said that "Zhuangzi helped Confucius", and Zhuangzi's attitude towards Confucianism was "Yang crowded out Yin to help" (Zhuangzi Ancestral Temple). He also believes that "Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism coincide with each other" and "on the contrary, they serve each other" (the inscription of the elders in South China). Confucianism's entry into the WTO, Buddhism's transcendence and Taoism's seclusion were originally contradictory, but in several ups and downs of official experience, Su Shi finally unified them in the form of "Confucianism outside and Taoism inside". Shi Zhiyuan in the Song Dynasty said: "Confucianism teaches the body, so it is called the foreign code; "Interpreters cultivate the teaching of mind, so it is called internal code." "Therefore, I cultivate morality with Confucianism and treat mind with interpretation." Although Su Shi deeply felt that life was like a dream, he did not deny life because of it, but tried to pursue self-detachment, and always maintained a tenacious optimistic belief and a detached attitude towards life. With the ups and downs of his official career, he gradually formed his own philosophy of life, that is, "Confucianism outside and Taoism inside." His inner pain is only in deep self-reflection, in the growing pursuit of Buddhism and Taoism, and in the good-will self-mockery of life. Prelude to Water Melody
When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance. I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time. I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade. Dance to find the shadow, what is it like! Keywords brick pavilion, low-rise residents,
Take a sleepless photo. There should be no hate, why don't we leave each other! People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
This word reflects Su Shi's mood at that time and is full of contradictions between being born and joining the WTO. Long-term contact with Buddhism and Taoism makes it difficult for him to choose his future life path, whether to continue to pursue his career or to retire bravely. We yearn for the purity of "Qionglou Yuyu", but we hate its coldness, the turbidity of the real society and the warmth of the world. We can perceive this profound contradiction from the text. It's a good thing to retire bravely, like "Qionglou Yuyu", but "unattainable". You can only dance under the moon to win, and a thousand miles is a blessing. Confucianism, which has been deeply influenced since childhood, has gained the upper hand, and it is impossible to give up the long-standing political ideal, so it tends to be "human" and choose the official career, but only in this process has it strengthened its self-cultivation, that is, in personal life, it takes Buddhism and Taoism as the priority and adopts an attitude of humiliation and fame and fortune. "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs. This is a kind of helplessness and comfort to the status quo. As for "I hope people will live a long time, and thousands of miles are beautiful", it is a kind of soul-stirring, a seemingly shallow and unintentional blessing and a plan for the future. Shangque's thought of entering the world has defeated the thought of being born, while Xiaque is a contest between reason and emotion, and reason has defeated emotion. This is also a fierce confrontation between Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in Su Shi's heart.
On the outside, however, he is extremely respectful and conforms to Confucianism. This not only affected his situation in various situations, but also affected his creative style on the other hand. Su Shi is not the first person to "learn from Confucianism outside and learn from Taoism inside". Such as Tao Yuanming, Wang Wei and Bai Juyi, almost all intellectuals in ancient China had this characteristic. However, among these people, Su Shi is the best, because his thoughts have reached the realm of integration of the three. Whether he is a man, an official or a writer, he has formed his own unique style, which has created an atmosphere of vertical and horizontal brushwork and fluency in literary works.