Management consulting is a highly intelligent service undertaking by people with rich management knowledge and experience and mastering consulting technology. Consultants go deep into the enterprise on the basis of the requirements put forward by the enterprise and closely combine with the enterprise managers. The following is the basic knowledge of management consulting that I share with you. Welcome to read and browse.
Classification of management consulting
(A) investment consulting by level classification
1. Macro consultation
Or development strategy consultation refers to accepting the entrustment to study and demonstrate whether the total scale of fixed assets investment in a certain period is compatible with the financial, material and human resources that may be provided by the state in the same period; How to arrange the structure, layout and direction of investment; How to formulate investment guidelines, policies and major measures; How to raise investment funds, etc. This kind of topic is related to the sustained, coordinated and stable development of the national economy, to the comprehensive balance of total demand and supply, to the current production growth rate and production stamina, and to national security. Therefore, it is impossible to rely solely on an investment consulting agency. It needs the research department designated by the state to take the lead, mobilize various experts to form a huge consulting team, and use historical, recent, domestic and foreign materials, data and information to complete it by modern means. Because of its wide coverage, many restrictive factors, huge scale and complex structure, consultants are required to have extensive knowledge, high policy level and certain strategic vision; The consulting programs, reports or suggestions provided should be practical.
2. Mesoscopic consultation
It refers to the strategic consultation on the investment and development planning of an economic region or a province, city and county. The goal, content and direction of this kind of consultation are similar to those of macro-consultation. It mainly studies the investment scale, structure and direction of a region in a certain period to serve the local economic construction. For China's investment consultation, we should first be familiar with the macro guiding ideology, find out the history and present situation of fixed assets investment in China, regions and regions, and analyze, predict, compare and demonstrate by using advanced means and scientific calculation methods through a large number of data, so as to provide an optimized plan for the total investment scale, investment structure, direction, principles and policies and fund raising in this region for the reference of decision-making departments.
3. Micro-consultation
Refers to the feasibility consultation of investment construction projects. Taking industrial investment as an example, it is generally necessary to provide customers with the following services: first, the market situation, including the sales of products at home and abroad, price trends, product competitiveness and products that may be updated; Second, define the supply of resources, energy and electricity; Third, choose product scheme, production scale, best technology and corresponding equipment; Fourth, environmental protection and comprehensive utilization; Fifth, site selection, plant composition and regional layout; Sixth, organizational management system and staff training; Seventh, the construction period and production time; Eighth, the project budget, fund raising, use and repayment methods; Ninth, investment effect evaluation, including product cost, possible tax revenue and investment payback period. 3. Micro-consultation refers to the feasibility consultation of investment and construction projects. Taking industrial investment as an example, it is generally necessary to provide customers with the following services: first, the market situation, including the sales of products at home and abroad, price trends, product competitiveness and products that may be updated; Second, define the supply of resources, energy and electricity; Third, choose product scheme, production scale, best technology and corresponding equipment; Fourth, environmental protection and comprehensive utilization; Fifth, site selection, plant composition and regional layout; Sixth, organizational management system and staff training; Seventh, the construction period and production time; Eighth, the project budget, fund raising, use and repayment methods; Ninth, investment effect evaluation, including product cost, possible tax revenue and investment payback period.
(2) Classification by consulting nature.
1. Thematic consultation
It refers to the consultation on specific topics or topics agreed with customers according to their needs, such as general project evaluation and feasibility study; Settlement of contract disputes in legal consultation; Bidding in engineering economy: information consultation and opportunity consultation. This kind of consulting project is generally simple in theme, easy to obtain information, less in manpower and material resources and shorter in time.
2. Comprehensive consultation
Refers to the consultation on more complex, large-scale and comprehensive issues, such as departmental and regional development planning, technology development planning, product development planning, etc. , often encountered in strategic consulting and policy consulting; Feasibility study of large and medium-sized construction projects; Enterprise diagnosis in investment management consulting and so on. Because this kind of consultation has many contents, the data is difficult to determine, and it takes a long time to invest more manpower and financial resources, so it is necessary to organize experts from all walks of life and even several consulting institutions to consult together.
(3) According to the organization form of consultation.
1. Internal negotiation
Refers to the self-consultation conducted by the permanent consulting institutions and experts of the department or unit. Its characteristics are: first, strong confidentiality, internal information and secrets will not be leaked; Second, it is convenient and flexible, and it is not affected by the outside world; Third, save money and don't have to pay additional consulting fees. Its shortcomings are mainly one-sidedness, limitation, possible lack of impartiality and not easy to be accepted by third parties. Because of the above characteristics, internal consultation is also called self-consultation.
2. External consultation
Refers to hiring experts or institutions outside the unit for consultation. This kind of consultation is characterized by fairness and reasonableness. Because there is no fundamental interest between the consultant or institution and the client, the consultation is one-sided, limited and authoritative, and is easily accepted by the third party. Its disadvantage is that consulting fees are usually high.
3. Temporary entrustment consultation
In some cases, such as the lack of consultants or the disproportionate professional knowledge structure in the internal consulting institutions of the unit, it is usually possible to temporarily entrust external experts or institutions to participate in the consultation and organize temporary joint consulting institutions. Once the project is completed, the consulting organization will dissolve itself.
(4) Classification by sponsors
1. spontaneous negotiation
It means that investors and objects take the initiative to apply to relevant consulting institutions and invite third parties to conduct investment consulting according to their own needs. Usually, when you encounter a difficult topic, you don't have the time, energy and level to deal with it, or you can't make a decision because of disagreement, you often apply for this kind of paid consultation.
2. Compulsory consultation
It refers to the regular or irregular free consultation conducted by the superior departments and organizations in charge of investment to the subordinate departments, regions and enterprises, so it is also called institutional consultation. Generally, through the supervision, inspection, help and guidance necessary for investment management, professional consulting institutions or professional research and design departments are designated for compulsory consultation.
(5) Classification of consultation method.
1. Oral consultation
Here, the consultant directly answers the questions of the entrusted consultant. Generally used for information and intelligence transmission with concise consultation content; Introduction of existing rules, systems and methods and consultation of general opinions. Restricted by the quality of consultants and institutions, there are great limitations, but you can meet with consultants, answer specific questions and discuss.
2. Written consultation
This refers to the information, data, materials or answers to questions provided by the consultant in written form according to the requirements of the client. This method is generally used for projects with large scale, deep influence, wide coverage and high technical and economic difficulty.
Management consulting company in China
From the management company's point of view, the consulting company currently active in China is Chi Management Consulting Co., Ltd., referred to as consulting.
According to the business scope of consulting companies, consulting companies can be divided into: the first category is management and strategic consulting companies, among which Zhang Chi consulting company is the most influential. Whether it is influence, profitability or professional level, it is very good. Even after 200 1 and the global consulting industry was generally depressed, the business income of Zhang Chi Consulting kept growing and its leading edge continued to expand. The stronger the stronger? The effect continues to show power. The second category is IT consulting: the market is still relatively large, but there are also many problems. The third category, human resources consulting companies. The fourth category is financial strategy consulting companies.
Five factors affecting the development of management consulting industry
Suppliers of supplier management consulting can be divided into two levels: data providers and solution providers. The former provides first-hand data resources for the analysis and processing of consulting companies, forming relatively perfect consulting suggestions; The latter is a senior supplier, providing intellectual resources directly, making suggestions or final reports.
First-class suppliers include: customer information, basic data company information, national statistical agency information, various media, etc. Their systematic information is the basis and basis of analysis. From these suppliers? Raw materials? Different levels can be roughly divided into three levels:
(1) The original data obtained from customers through investigation, or the statistical data provided by users themselves, are the most valuable, and are often directly quoted in the consulting report, which is the most powerful data to support the consulting report.
(2) Basic data companies are not very popular and common abroad. These companies specialize in collecting and counting all kinds of basic data and materials and selling them to demanders as products; The information of statistical agencies in various countries is generally authoritative, especially the background information about population, geography and industry environment is more convincing. Generally, these two kinds of data need to be paid, so they are quite accurate (even if part of the information of the national statistical agency is free, it is authoritative and accurate), and the source can also be directly quoted in the consulting report.
(3) The reliability of data provided by various media will be greatly reduced, and it can only be used as reference materials, so as to avoid direct quotation in the consulting report and avoid mistakes in the consulting scheme due to data errors.
Generally speaking, (1) and (2) are reliable, but at a certain cost. Therefore, we must carefully select the required data range to avoid unnecessary cost increase.
Senior suppliers include consulting companies such as university professors, which directly provide consulting solutions or solutions and are conclusion suppliers.
The entry threshold of potential entrants in management consulting industry is relatively low, so the range of potential entrants is very wide: university professors, market research companies, industry researchers, foreign counterparts and so on.
University professor: The concept of management consulting has been introduced into universities for a long time. When there are few management consulting companies, professors in colleges and universities often provide management consulting for enterprises directly or as consultants. These experts and professors have both theoretical knowledge and practical experience, and are likely to enter the management consulting industry.
Market research companies: Market research companies usually provide specialized services on market potential, segmentation and marketing strategy. This branch has practical experience and a certain customer base. In fact, they have set foot in the management consulting industry.
Industry researcher: Like professors in colleges and universities, industry researchers may leave existing companies and set up new consulting companies, thus entering the management consulting industry as competitors.
Foreign counterparts: In addition to foreign consulting companies that have set up branches in China, many foreign counterparts are also spying on the China market, waiting for the right time to enter. With their experience and strength, they are the most threatening potential entrants.
Consumers in consumer management consulting can be divided into final consumers and intermediate consumers. The former mainly includes: industrial and commercial enterprises, service industries and government agencies. The purpose of seeking consultation is to solve problems, and consulting companies are generally required to provide specific solutions and analysis reports; The latter mainly includes: consulting companies in the same industry, whose main purpose of seeking consulting is to help them better serve the final consumers and make up for their shortcomings in some professional consulting businesses, or these consulting companies have mastered the business with core competitive advantages and outsourced other non-critical businesses to other consulting companies, or these consulting companies are just pure intermediaries. Consulting companies in the same industry also become the final consumers when they need consulting services from other consulting companies on their own management and other issues.
Generally speaking, enterprises or other organizations need management consulting because:
Without the means of information collection and processing necessary for management decision-making, some specific management consulting companies generally have their own channels, networks and methods.
It lacks professional management power, and some specific management consulting companies can train their managers through professional consultants, so that they can master the management techniques necessary for organizational change and improve their management quality.
Some organizations have their own staff consultation institutions, but their internal consultation opinions are often interfered by various subjective factors and cannot be objective and fair. External consulting companies provide objective and fair solutions from the perspective of third parties.
Generally speaking, consulting companies in the same industry have the strongest bargaining power, because they are very familiar with the market in the industry, followed by industrial and commercial enterprises and service industries, and the weakest may be government agencies.
Alternative management consulting industry is a pure knowledge capital industry. With the rapid development of information technology, there will be more and more channels to obtain knowledge and information, especially the development of electronic networks, which makes people obtain information more and more quickly and widely.
Although the management consulting industry contains all kinds of knowledge and talents, more knowledge and information, especially professional knowledge and information, are distributed in many scientific research institutes, schools, government agencies and other organizations. Therefore, management consulting companies will face many substitutes in knowledge and information, including research materials of government agencies, research materials of universities, teachers or experts of universities, professional books and periodicals, enterprises' own advisory groups, various industry associations and so on.
Industry Competitors Since the 1990s, the consulting industry in China has developed vigorously. By the end of 1994, there were more than 60,000 information consulting institutions registered in the administrative department for industry and commerce (including 40,000 consulting institutions and 20,000 information service institutions), with more than 10,000 employees. In 1 993, more than 20,000 information consulting institutions were added.
At present, China's consulting industry, especially management consulting industry, has seen the momentum of a hundred schools of thought contending, but there has also been a phenomenon of market chaos. There are few powerful companies, most of which are established on the basis of government information departments or enterprise management associations. They are the main force of China management consulting industry, mainly state-owned or collective enterprises, with a registered capital of about 300,000 yuan. At present, China's private management consulting enterprises are also developing rapidly, but their strength is very weak. The registered capital is generally 654.38 million yuan, most of which are start-ups and it is difficult to form a scale in the short term. The regional distribution of management consulting enterprises in China is also unbalanced, mainly concentrated in large and medium-sized cities with developed economies such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen.
The purpose and significance of management consulting
The purpose of management consulting
Is to fundamentally improve the quality of enterprise, improve the operating mechanism of enterprises, and enhance the dynamic adaptability of enterprises to the environment. From a deeper level, it is not only to directly improve the economic benefits and management level, but more importantly, for an enterprise, whether its survival and development depend on whether the enterprise can form a correct and adaptable operating mechanism. Therefore, the fundamental purpose of management consulting is to enable this enterprise to find problems directly through the management system, find out the reasons, constantly optimize the enterprise management mechanism, and make the whole enterprise run in a virtuous circle.
Characteristics of management consulting
1. scientific
Scientific nature is the basis of management consulting. The scientific nature of management consultation is reflected in three aspects: First, the whole consultation process follows the basic principles of management and other related disciplines. Secondly, the diagnosis process of management consulting conforms to the process of understanding things from the outside to the inside, eliminating the false and retaining the true, and from the local to the overall situation. Third, follow the management consulting improvement plan? A key to a lock? The principle of strong pertinence.
2. Innovation and innovation
Innovation is the source of vitality and vitality of management consulting. The first is to improve the innovation of the program. Consultants put forward solutions that are beneficial to customer performance from management concepts, management systems and mechanisms, management methods and other levels and angles. Secondly, the diagnosis method is innovative. When providing management consulting services, consultants constantly observe new clients with new ways of thinking and new viewpoints, analyze their problems and reasons with different methods and tools, and design feasible and breakthrough consulting schemes with innovative spirit.
3. Effectiveness
Effectiveness is the basis and premise of management consulting. The management consulting scheme provided by consultants to customers should ensure its quality and effectiveness.
4. Independence and self-reliance
Consultants should look at and think about customers' problems objectively and neutrally, and put forward their own independent opinions. These opinions of consultants are based on in-depth investigation and scientific analysis, and should not be influenced by the opinions of enterprise leaders or employees' emotions, nor should they be easily changed by other factors outside the enterprise.
5. Cooperation
In the whole consultation process, on the one hand, the members of the consulting project team need to cooperate with each other, give full play to their respective expertise, form team advantages and maintain team consistency; On the other hand, consulting project teams should maintain close cooperation, mutual communication and mutual trust. Good cooperation is a necessary condition for the success of management consulting projects, and it is also a basic requirement for the quality of consultants.
The Significance of Enterprise Management Consulting
(1) Improve management level and economic benefits.
Is management consulting the implementation of China's economic construction policy? Focus on improving economic efficiency? An important link. According to the analysis of statistical data, at present, the state-owned enterprises lose nearly 40%, of which 80% is caused by poor management, so improving the management level of enterprises is a very important measure to improve the economic benefits of enterprises; Management consulting is to put forward different improvement measures according to the main contradictions of different enterprises in order to achieve the purpose of improving economic benefits.
(2) Implement the best combination of revitalizing stock and production factors.
Management consulting is not only aimed at an enterprise, but also to improve its economic benefits. Enterprises are not isolated in social and economic activities. Therefore, in order to improve the overall national economic benefits, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between enterprises. It may be necessary to carry out structural adjustment, including industrial structure adjustment and product structure adjustment, really revitalize the stock, reorganize the production factors and optimize the allocation of resources. Management consulting is a good means.
(3) implementation? Two fundamental changes? .
Management consulting can play its due role. Through our years of management consulting practice, we found that? Two fundamental changes? And then what? Three changes and one strengthening? To truly implement the enterprise, whether it is the organizational structure of the enterprise or every professional management of the enterprise, such as production, marketing, financial costs and so on. There is still a lot of detailed work to be done. And these meticulous work can be achieved through management consulting.
(4) Consulting industry should be developed as an industry.
The birth of management consulting is accompanied by the development of economy, which promotes the development of economy, which in turn promotes the development of management consulting. Therefore, a country's economic development and management consulting development are complementary.
Management consulting concept
1, the guiding ideology of management consulting
(1) Focus on the overall situation and development of the enterprise, and start with key issues to explore ways to solve them;
(2) Respect the historical and realistic conditions of the enterprise, take practicality as the criterion, and pay attention to the operability and effectiveness of the reform plan;
(3) From the standpoint of helping enterprises, not only put forward solutions to problems, but also try to teach enterprises the ideas and methods of self-diagnosis in the consultation process, that is? Not only did he give a fish, but he also taught him how to fish. ?
(4) We should deeply study the root causes of management problems and focus on the changes of people's knowledge, concepts, attitudes and behaviors.
2, the concept of management consulting
(1) Look at the achievements and problems from the output effect. That is to say, for the whole enterprise, it is the achievements and problems of enterprise production and operation from the analysis of its comprehensive economic benefits; For the professional management in an enterprise, it is necessary to formulate corresponding main indicators, and analyze its achievements and existing problems according to these indicators.
(2) Find experience and reasons from management. According to the direction indicated by the comprehensive economic benefit analysis, we can accurately find out which aspects of management have successful experience in strategy, marketing, production efficiency, variety structure, capital turnover and cost. Weak management and output effect gap.
(3) Analyze the root cause from the system and concept. Management weaknesses should be analyzed not only from the quality and level of managers, but also from the fundamental systems such as management system, leadership system, management mechanism and incentive policy, as well as from the concepts of leaders and managers.
(4) According to the reasons and root causes, put forward feasible improvement schemes. Aiming at the problems existing in management, such as weak links, unsmooth management system and unsuitable management concept, this paper puts forward targeted, operable and feasible improvement schemes.
(5) Help to achieve the purpose of improving the output effect. Through the joint efforts of consultants and consulting enterprises, consulting enterprises propose and confirm improvement plans and assist in their implementation. Of course, at this time, the enterprises to be consulted should be the main ones, and consultants can provide guidance and help through training and direct participation in regular return visits. Until the output effect is really improved, and a group of their own management backbone teams are cultivated for the consulted enterprises, we can basically master how to find problems, analyze reasons and find solutions, so that enterprises can constantly optimize themselves in the cycle of production and operation.
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